Harah Jawoe

Harah Jawoenakeuhharaih Arabnyang geu-ubah keu geutuléhMeulayu,Acèh,Minangkabau,BanjarngonTausugseureuta padum-padum boh bahsa la'én diAsia Teunggara.Kayém jih neunguy haraih nyan keu teunuléh ngon seunurat bhaih agama.

Haraih Jawoë geunguy keu salah saboh haraih raseumi lamKeurajeuën Brunei Darussalam,geunguy cit keu saboh peuniléh haraih standar lam bahsaMeulayu.Bak neunguy nyang leubèh jroh seunurat lam bahsa Meulayu nakeuh nyang geunguy lam geunantoëharaih Latènnyang geukheun haraih Rumi. Lam teumadôn Meulayu neunguy haraih nyoë leubèh meusaneut geunguy keu agama ngon reusam. Meuhat nyang neunguy haraih nyoë keu neubuët siuroë-uroë that geupakoë cit lam da'irah ureuëng Meulayu PattaniThailand SeulatanngonKelantandiMalaysiaseureuta lé padum-padum boh kawan ureungIslamnyang geuduëk diFilipina Seulatan^[1].

Asai nan

Narit Jawoë nakeuh naritbahsa Acèhnyang teuka nibak narit "Jawi" (جاوي), nyoë meuhat geumeukeusud ke saboh narit sifeuët ngon nan bendaJawahlam bahsa Arab (جاوة). "Jawah" ngon "Jawi" ka geunguy lé ureuëng Arab keu narit nyang geupeusaban bak neukheun keu wilayah La'ôt Teunggara Asia ngon mandum ureuëng nyang meuduëk disinan,^[2]peukara nyang meusaban lagèe jeunèh nan nyang geupham lé ureuëng Iërupa keu geupeunan istilahPulo-pulo MeulayungonRas Meulayungon Jaza'ir al-Jawi (Pulo-pulo Jawi) ngonBansa Jawi.

Tarèh

Lahé haraih nyoë nakeuh that meukeumat langsông ngon teuka agamaIslamu Pulo-pulo Meulayu, haraih nyoë geu-angkèe nibakharaih Arabkeu geutuléh narit ngon tutô Meulayu. Ngon seubab nyan keuh jeuët keu le that ubah, teunamah ngon kri geunantoë padum-padum boh haraih keu jeuët teurimong su nyang hana lam bahsa Arab (lagèe tutô /o/, /p/, atau /ŋ/).

Watèe peungarôh Hindu-Budha mantong kong di wilayah Asia Teunggara,haraih Pallawathat utama geunguy lam teunuléh Meulayu. Saboh batèe jirat nyang na meutarèh 290 H (910 M) bak jirat Syèh Abdul Qadir bin Husin Syah Alam nyang na diAlor Setar,Kedah,saboh batèe jirat nyang geuteumèe diPekan,Pahangmeutarèh 419 H (1026 M), saboh batèe jirat nyang geuteumèe diPhan Rang,Viètnammeutarèh 431 H (1039 M), bateè jirat meutarèh 440 H (1048 M) geuteumèe diBandar Seri Begawan,Brunei,ngon batèe jirat Fatimah Binti Maimun Bin Hibat Allah nyang geuteumèe diGresik,Jawa Timu]] meutarèh 475 H (1082 M)^[2]^[3].

Bak masa phôn-phôn meukeumang agama Islam, teunuléh Arab geupeurunoë keu ureuëng-ureuëng nyang ban meu-agama Islam lam buët agama ngon ibadat matong, lagè keu jeuët geubeuëtAl-QuranngonShalat.Seubab nyan keuh hana that ssôah keuh haraih Arab jeuët keu geuteurimong lé ureuëng Meulayu meusaban ngon meu-Islam ureuëng nyan. Hana trép meunan laju ka jeuët geupeugot saboh kri la'én keu peupaih haraih Arab keu teunuléh narit Meulayu. Lé tutô meulayu nyang hanjeuët geutulh langsông ngon haraih Arab kajeuët keu geutuléh ngon haraih Jawoë, ngon jeuët geumeuphôm ngon geubeuët keu seunurat raseumi nanggroë atawa teunuléh agama.^[4]^[5]Meusaban cit lagèe kri geuteurimong haraih Arab diTurki,ParsingonIndianyang ka na leubèh awai lom, ngon nyan keuh dudoè lam tarèh Meulayu Raya haraih Jawoë ka jeuët keu saboh kri teunuléh Islam lam teumadôn Meulayu.^[6]

Tanda paléng awai teunuléh Jawoë nyoë na diMalaysiangon naSeunurat Terengganunyang meutaréh 702 Hijriah atawa abad keu-14 Masehi (Taréh nyoë meubacut kureuëng paih cit meuseubab beunileuëng thôn disinan geutuléh kon ngon angka). Salang neunguy haraih Jawoë bak keurajeuën-keurajeuënMeulayunakeuh bak phôn watèePasè,sampoëKeurajeuën Johor,Keurajeuën Acèhseureuta akhé thatKeurajeuën Pattanibak abad keu-17. Bak abad keu 19 haraih Romawi phôn ka geunguy disinan. Haraih Jawoë teutap cit na geunguy nibak masa ka jitamong kolonial Iërupa.

Nyan keuh meuhat that peunténg haraih jawoë lam budaya ureuëng Meulayu. Haraih nyan ka geunguy seubagoë nyang meu-antara lam mandum ôseuha, reusam ngon niaga. Lagèe miseuëjih, haraih nyoë geunguy keu seunurat meusipakat nyang peuntèng-peuntèng antara raja-raja Meulayu ngonPortugéh,BeulandangonInggréh.La'én nibak nyan seunurat peunyata meurdèka neugaraMalaysiathôn 1957 meuladôm geutuléh lam haraih jawoë.

Sampoë jinoë haraih nyoë mantong geunguy lam bhaih agama ngo reusam diAcèh.Lam nanggroë Meulayu Malaysia geunguy diTerengganu,Kelantan,Kedah,Perlis,ngonJohor.Ureuëng-ureuëng Meulayu diPattanimantong cit geunguy haraih jawoë sampo ë'an jinoë.

Haraih Jawoë

Kri	Teudong	Away	Teungoh	Akhé	Nan
ا	ﺍ			ﺎ	alif
ب	ﺏ	ﺑ	ـﺒ	ـﺐ	ba
ت	ﺕ	ﺗ	ـﺘ	ـﺖ	ta
ة	ة			ـة‎	ta marbutah
ث	ﺙ	ﺛ	ـﺜ	ـﺚ	sa (tha)
ج	ﺝ	ﺟ	ـﺠ	ـﺞ	jim
چ	ﭺ	ﭼ	ـﭽ	ـﭻ	ca
ح	ﺡ	ﺣ	ـﺤ	ـﺢ	ha
خ	ﺥ	ﺧ	ـﺨ	ـﺦ	kha (khO)
د	ﺩ			ـﺪ	dal
ذ	ﺫ			ـﺬ	zal
ر	ﺭ			ـﺮ	ra (rO)
ز	ﺯ			ـﺰ	zai
س	ﺱ	ﺳ	ـﺴ	ـﺲ	sin
ش	ﺵ	ﺷ	ـﺸ	ـﺶ	syin
ص	ﺹ	ﺻ	ـﺼ	ـﺺ	sad (sOd)
ض	ﺽ	ﺿ	ـﻀ	ـﺾ	dad (dOd)
ط	ﻁ	ﻃـ	ـﻄـ	ـﻂ	ta (tO)
ظ	ﻅ	ﻇـ	ـﻈـ	ـﻆ	za (zO)
ع	ﻉ	ﻋ	ـﻌ	ـﻊ	ain
غ	ﻍ	ﻏ	ـﻐ	ـﻎ	ghain
ڠ	ڠ	ڠـ	ـڠـ	ـڠ	nga
ف	ﻑ	ﻓ	ـﻔ	ـﻒ	fa
ڤ	ﭪ	ﭬ	ـﭭ	ـﭫ	pa
ق	ﻕ	ﻗ	ـﻘ	ـﻖ	qaf
ک	ک	کـ	ـکـ	ـک	kaf
ݢ	ݢ	ݢـ	ـݢـ	ـݢ	ga
ل	ﻝ	ﻟ	ـﻠ	ـﻞ	lam
م	ﻡ	ﻣ	ـﻤ	ـﻢ	mim
ن	ن	ﻧ	ـﻨ	ـﻦ	nun
و	ﻭ			ـﻮ	wau
ۏ	ۏ			ـۏ	va
ه	ﻩ	ﻫ	ﻬ	ﻪ	ha
ء	ء			ء	hamzah
ي	ﻱ	ﻳ	ـﻴ	ﻲ	ya
ی	ی			ﻰ	ye
ڽ	ڽ	ڽـ	ـڽـ	ـڽ	nya

Haraih nyang meuwareuna keulabèe nakeuh kri geunantoë nyang cit na lam haraih JawoëMeulayuhana lam haraih Arab aseuli.

Neubeuët lom

H.S. Paterson (& C.O. Blagden), 'An early Malay Inscription from 14th-century Trengganu',Journ. Mal. Br.R.A.S.,II, 1924, pp. 258-263.
R.O. Winstedt,A History of Malaya,revised ed. 1962, p. 40.
J.G. de Casparis,Indonesian Paleography,1975, p. 70-71.

Peunawôt luwa

(Bahsa Meulayu)Portal Jawi
(Bahsa Meulayu)Asas menulis Jawi
(Bahsa Meulayu)Daftar kata Melayu: Rumi-Sebutan-Jawi
(Inggréh)Tentang huruf Jawi
(Bahsa Meulayu)UNDUH Papan Kekunci Jawi Fonetik (Jawi Phonetic Keyboard)
(Bahsa Meulayu)Laman menukar ejaan Rumi kepada ejaan Jawi

Nè seunurat

^Andrew Alexander Simpson (2007).Language and National Identity in Asia.Oxford University Press.hlm. 356–60.ISBN 0-19-926748-0.
^^a ^bShahrizal bin Mahpol (2002)."Penguasaan tulisan jawi di kalangan pelajar Melayu: suatu kajian khusus di UiTM cawangan Kelantan (Competency in Jawi among Malay students: A specific study in UiTM, Kelantan campus)".Digital Repository,Universiti Malaya.Diakses tanggal2012-07-08.^{[hubông luwa maté]}
^Abdul Rashid Melebek (2006).Sejarah Bahasa Melayu (History of Bahasa Melayu).Utusan Publications. hlm. 52.ISBN 967-61-1809-5.
^John U. Wolff,Indonesian ReadingsEdition: 3, SEAP Publications: 1988:ISBN 0-87727-517-3:480 pages
^Robert Leon CooperLanguage spread: studies in diffusion and social change,Center for Applied Linguistics, Indiana University Press,: 1982 p. 40ISBN 0-253-32000-3:360 pages
^Siti Hawa Haji Salleh (2010).Malay Literature of the 19th Century.Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia Berhad. hlm. 8.ISBN 978-983-068-517-5.

Wikimedia Commons na mèdia nyang mupawôt ngön:Jawi alphabet

[1] Andrew Alexander Simpson (2007).Language and National Identity in Asia.Oxford University Press.hlm. 356–60.ISBN 0-19-926748-0.

[Shahrizal-2] Shahrizal bin Mahpol (2002)."Penguasaan tulisan jawi di kalangan pelajar Melayu: suatu kajian khusus di UiTM cawangan Kelantan (Competency in Jawi among Malay students: A specific study in UiTM, Kelantan campus)".Digital Repository,Universiti Malaya.Diakses tanggal2012-07-08.^{[hubông luwa maté]}

[3] Abdul Rashid Melebek (2006).Sejarah Bahasa Melayu (History of Bahasa Melayu).Utusan Publications. hlm. 52.ISBN 967-61-1809-5.

[4] John U. Wolff,Indonesian ReadingsEdition: 3, SEAP Publications: 1988:ISBN 0-87727-517-3:480 pages

[5] Robert Leon CooperLanguage spread: studies in diffusion and social change,Center for Applied Linguistics, Indiana University Press,: 1982 p. 40ISBN 0-253-32000-3:360 pages

[siti_hawa-6] Siti Hawa Haji Salleh (2010).Malay Literature of the 19th Century.Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia Berhad. hlm. 8.ISBN 978-983-068-517-5.

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