Kawa

Kawa
	Die blare vanPiper methysticum.
Wetenskaplike klassifikasie
Domein:	Eukaryota
Koninkryk:	Plantae
Klade:	Tracheofiete
Klade:	Angiospermae
Klade:	Magnoliids
Orde:	Piperales
Familie:	Piperaceae
Genus:	Piper
Spesie:	P. methysticum
Binomiale naam
	Piper methysticum; G.Forst.

Kawa(Piper methysticum;Latynvir "peper" enGrieksvir "bedwelmende" ) is 'n plant van diePasifiese Eilande.^[1]Die naamkawakom vanTongaansen Marquesaans en beteken "bitter";^[1]ander name sluit inʻawa(Hawais),^[2]ʻava(Samoaans),^[3]yaqonaofyagona(Fidjiaans),^[4]ensovoorts. Kawa word gebruik vir sy kalmerende uitwerking in kulture dwarsdeur dieStille Oseaan.

Diewortelvan die plant word gebruik om 'n drankie te maak met kalmerende, verdowende en euforiese eienskappe. Die aktiewe bestanddele word kawaloktone genoem.^[5]

DieWêreldgesondheidsorganisasiemeen die matige gebruik van kawa in sy tradisionele vorm, dus as 'n watergebaseerde suspensie van kawawortels, hou 'n "aanvaarbaar lae vlak van gesondheidsrisiko" in.^[6]Kawa-ekstrakte gemaak met organiese oplosmiddels en kawa van swak gehalte hou 'n groter risiko in, insluitende van lewerskade.^[6]^[7]

Verwysings

↑^1,0^1,1"Kava".Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary. 2018.
↑"Nā Puke Wehewehe ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi".wehewehe.org.Besoek op22 Desember2017.
↑Fitisemanu, Jacob (2007)Samoan social drinking: perpetuation and adaptation of ʻAva ceremonies in Salt Lake County, UtahB. A. Thesis, Westminster College p. 2.
↑"Embassy of the Republic of Fiji".fijiembassy.be.Geargiveer vanafdie oorspronklikeop 10 Junie 2018.Besoek op22 Desember2017.
↑Wang, J; Qu, W; Bittenbender, H. C; Li, Q. X (2013)."Kavalactone content and chemotype of kava beverages prepared from roots and rhizomes of Isa and Mahakea varieties and extraction efficiency of kavalactones using different solvents".Journal of Food Science and Technology.52(2): 1164–1169.doi:10.1007/s13197-013-1047-2.PMC4325077.PMID 25694734.
↑^6,0^6,1"Kava: a review of the safety of traditional and recreational beverage consumption"(PDF).Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization, Rome, Italy. 2016.
↑Kuchta, Kenny; Schmidt, Mathias; Nahrstedt, Adolf (1 Desember 2015). "German Kava Ban Lifted by Court: The Alleged Hepatotoxicity of Kava (Piper methysticum) as a Case of Ill-Defined Herbal Drug Identity, Lacking Quality Control, and Misguided Regulatory Politics".Planta Medica.81(18): 1647–1653.doi:10.1055/s-0035-1558295.ISSN 1439-0221.PMID 26695707.

Skakels

Wikispecieshet meer inligting verwant aanKawa

Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik uit dieEngelse Wikipediavertaal.

[mwd-1] 1,0^1,1"Kava".Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary. 2018.

[2] "Nā Puke Wehewehe ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi".wehewehe.org.Besoek op22 Desember2017.

[3] Fitisemanu, Jacob (2007)Samoan social drinking: perpetuation and adaptation of ʻAva ceremonies in Salt Lake County, UtahB. A. Thesis, Westminster College p. 2.

[4] "Embassy of the Republic of Fiji".fijiembassy.be.Geargiveer vanafdie oorspronklikeop 10 Junie 2018.Besoek op22 Desember2017.

[wang-5] Wang, J; Qu, W; Bittenbender, H. C; Li, Q. X (2013)."Kavalactone content and chemotype of kava beverages prepared from roots and rhizomes of Isa and Mahakea varieties and extraction efficiency of kavalactones using different solvents".Journal of Food Science and Technology.52(2): 1164–1169.doi:10.1007/s13197-013-1047-2.PMC4325077.PMID 25694734.

[fao-who-6] 6,0^6,1"Kava: a review of the safety of traditional and recreational beverage consumption"(PDF).Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization, Rome, Italy. 2016.

[Kuchta_1647–1653-7] Kuchta, Kenny; Schmidt, Mathias; Nahrstedt, Adolf (1 Desember 2015). "German Kava Ban Lifted by Court: The Alleged Hepatotoxicity of Kava (Piper methysticum) as a Case of Ill-Defined Herbal Drug Identity, Lacking Quality Control, and Misguided Regulatory Politics".Planta Medica.81(18): 1647–1653.doi:10.1055/s-0035-1558295.ISSN 1439-0221.PMID 26695707.

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