- 中文名
- 助动词
- 外文名
- Auxiliary Verb
- 语 种
- 英语
- 主要变化形式
- 如have,has,had
- 简 称
- aux.v
最常用的助动词有:be, have/has, do/does/did , shall,will, would等。
热键润常见的半榜弃耻助动词有:
be obliged to不得不 感谢 有义务 被迫做, be supposed to, be willing to乐意 愿意, have to, seem to似乎 好像 看起来
be unable to不能做某事, be unwilling to. 等。
1.情态助动词包括will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need to, dare to, ought to, used to, had better,乐茅组有词汇意义,后接动词原形(没有to的不定式)。
如:She will come here.(√)
She wills come here.(×) will后不加S
情态助动词不受主语的人称迎仔和数的限制洪弃。
3.两个蜜润葛情态助动词不能连用。
- He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告。
- He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划。
- The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。
助动词协助主要动词完成以下作用
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has gotten married. 他已结婚。
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
(3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would,did
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important. 英语变得越来越重要。
The window was broken by Tom. 窗户被Tom打破了。
be+动词不定式
(1) 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。如:
We are to teach the fresh persons. 我们要教新生。
但应注意:这种用法也可以说是一种将来时态的表达法。
(2) 表示命令。如:
You are to explain this. 对此你要作出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 他今天下午要来办公室。
(3) 表示征求意见。如:
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?
Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢?
(4) 表示相约、商定。如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
have的用法
一、have作助动词
主要变化形式:have,has,had
He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
上月末为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。
(3) have/has+been +过去分词,构成完成时态的被动语态,例:
The sports meet has been put off until n-ext Friday.
运动会已经推迟到下周五了。
二、have作普通动词形式
- | 肯定式 | 否定式 | 疑问式 |
现在时 | have(got)或 have | haven't(got)或 don't have | have I(got)?或 do you have? |
过去时 | had | hadn't(got)或 didn't have | had you(got)?或 did you have? |
为表示习惯动作,do与have连用:
— Do you have earthquakes in your country? 你们国家地震吗?
— Yes,but we don't have them very often. 有,但不经常。
We have lunch at one.
我们1点钟吃饭。
They are having a party tomorrow.
他们明天举行聚会。
I hope you'll have a good holiday.
我希望你愉快地度过假期。
do的用法
形式
主要变化形式:do,did,done,does
动名词/现在分词:doing
Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?
I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
Don't go there. 不要去那里。
Don't make a noise in the corridor. 不要在走廊里大声喧哗。
说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do。
I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you. 我确实想你。我真想你了!
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
(6) 用作代替动词,例如:
---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗?
他知道如何开车,对吧?
may和can的用法
may用来表示许可
否定形式:may not/mayn't,might not/mightn't
疑问式:may I?might I?等
否定疑问式:may I not?/mayn't I?等
表示许可的may的其他形式可用allow,be allowed的相应形式代替。
can用来表示许可
can用于所有人称的现在时及将来时的句子中。
could用于所有人称的过去时及条件句中。
疑问式:can I?could I?等
否定疑问式:can I not?/can't I?could I not?/couldn't I?等
表示许可的can的其他形式可用于allow,be allowded的相应形式代替。
can与不带to的不定式连用。 [1]
shall和will的用法
- I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。
- He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
说明:
在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。如今,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较:
- He shall come. 他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)
- He will come. 他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)
- shall I turn on the light?要开灯吗?( 我把灯打开好吗?)
- shall he come to see you?他要不要来看你
(比较: will he come to see you? 他会不会来看你)
should和would的用法
- I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。
比较:
"What shall I do next week?" I asked.
(2)would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如:
He said he would come. 他说他要来。
比较:
"I will go," he said. 他说:"我要去那儿。"
He said he would come.
- We would have finished our paper if we had been given five more minutes.假如再有5分钟,我们就答完试卷了。
有关汉语助动词的用法
参见: