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Somalia

Aus Wikipedia
A Koatn vo Somalia.
A politische Koatn vo 2017.
A Koatn vo de Somalischn Gruppn u Velkln.

Somalia,amtle engl.Federal Republic of Somalia,is a Land õn n Hiarl vo Afrika. In n Westn stousst s afEthiopia,in n Noadwestn af Djibouti[1],in n Noadn af n Gulf of Aden, in n Oustn af nIndischn Ozeanun in n Sidwestn af Kenya. Somalia houd dej omlenganna Gstodnlinia zen Festland voAfrika.[2]Es Terrain bstejt hapsechli as Plateaus, Eemman u Beaḡ.[3]Es ganz Joua herscht a woams u hitzes Klima mid periodischnan Monsunwindnan un schwonkatna Rengfell.[4]

Somalia houd a gschetzta Bvelkaring vo umma 15 millionna Leit[5][6]un is bschrim woan aswej es am mejran kulturell homogenna Land z Afrika.[7][8]Umma 85% vo dej Leit duat san ethnisch Somalis,[3]d wou historisch in n Noadn von n Land glebt hom. Ethnischa Mindahatn konzentrian se af n Siḏn.[9]Amtssprounchn han Somali unArabisch.[3]D Iwazol vo d Leit san Muslimm,[10]vo dej wou d mejran Sunnitn han.[11]

I da Antikn is Somalia a wichtes Hanḏlszentrum gweng.[12][13]Vill moina, es mythnhafta alta Puntland warad duatn gleng.[14][15][16]I da Zeid von n Mittlolta houd s a poa Somali-Reichh gem, d wou en Hannl vo da Region dominiad hom, doudadrunta es Ajuran-Sultanat, es Sultanat vo Adal un es Geledi-Sultanat.

In n spaadn 19. Jh. san d Somalischn Sultanatt vo Italjen, Grouss Britannjen u Etiopia kolonialesiad woan.[3][17]D Italjena hom d Koloni Italjenisch Somaliland darricht.[18][19]I da Iid-, som. Ciid, u da Nugaal-Region[20]houd en Sayid Mohamed sa Dervish-Bwegung dafolgreich Etiopjen, Italjen u Grouß Brittanjen veja mol zruggschlong un õ s Gstod[21]zruggdrenga kinna, bvua dass s i da Somaliland Kampanje vo 1920 bsigt woan san.[22]Italja hod d Macht in n Noadoustn, i da Mittn, u nou aa i d sidlinga Regionna daglengt, nou dem dass da Krejḡ genga s Majeerteen Sultanat un es Sultanat vo Hobyo 1927 dafolgreich gweng is.[19]1960 san dej zwoa Regionna, es von ej britisch-bsetzta Somaliland in n Noadn un es von ej italjenisch-bsetzta Somalia in n Oustn, za Somalischn Repablik unta oana Reḡiring zammfejad woan.[23]

Da Iawast Revoluzionsrout houd se 1969 d Macht gschnappt u d Somali Democratic Republic asgrouffn, dej wou 1991, 22 Jouana spaada, min Õfang von n Somalischn Birḡakrejḡ, zammbrochn is. Danou san d mejrann Regionna zen Gwoanats- u zen religjesn Recht zruggkeart. I d frejan 2000a san prowisorischa Bundesbeheadn gschaffn woan. D prowisorische nazionala Reḡiring, engl. Transitional National Government (TNG), hod ma um 2000, dej prowisorischa federala Reḡiring, engl. Transitional Federal Government (TFG), dej wou dej Somalischn Streitkreftt widaheastellt, um 2004 gschaffn.[3][24]2006 hod d TFG d Kontroll iwa n gresstn Toall vo d sidlinga Konfliktregionna vo da nei furmiatn Union vo islamischn Grichtnan, engl. Islamic Courts Union (ICU). Dej ICU is nou zafolln u radikalere Gruppn hom se õgsplittat, wej d Al-Shabaab, d wou genga d TFG u da Afrikanischn Union irnane AMISOM-Truppn um d Region kempft.[3]

In n Summa 2012 hom d Rebelln d mejrann Regionna valounan ghobt un es Trachtn nou permanentnan demokratischn Instituzionnan is lousganga.[25]A neia prowisorischa Vafassing is in n August 2012 virakumma,[26][27]dej wou Somalia zaranaFederaziongmacht houd.[28]In n gleichn Mounad is d Bundesreḡiring vo Somalia furmiad[29]u da Widaafbau z Mogadischu õghebt woan.[25][30]Somalia houd en informelln Wiatschoftssektor pfoltn, da wou ned zletzt i da Vejchawiatschoft, da Hilf duach d Vawondtn in n Asland u da Telekommunikazion fousst.[3][31]Somalia is a Mitglid vo dVaointn Nazionna,vo daArabischn Liga,vo da Afrikanischn Union, vo da Bwegung vo d Blockfrein Stootn, u vo da Organisazion fia Islamische Zammoawat.

  1. Somalia.Britannica.
  2. Coastline.Central Intelligence Agency. Archiviert vomOriginal[1]am 16. Juli 2017. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
  3. 3,03,13,23,33,43,53,6Somalia.Central Intelligence Agency.
  4. Somalia – Climate,countrystudies.us.
  5. "World Population prospects – Population division".population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
  6. "Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision(xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
  7. Ismail, AA (2010).Somali state failure: Players, incentives and institutions."What is more puzzling is how this could happen in a country like Somalia, the most homogeneous country in Africa both ethnically, religiously, culturally, and linguistically".
  8. Woldemichael, B (1993).Decentralisation amidst poverty and disunity: The Sudan, 1969–1983."Somalia, the only homogeneous country in Africa – all its people being ethnic Somalis speaking the same language and professing the same religion"
  9. Abdullahi 2001.
  10. Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide.Mepc.org. 1 December 2005. Archiviert vomOriginal[2]am 14. Dezemba 2006. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
  11. Abdullahi 2001.
  12. John Kenrick (1855),Phoenicia,B. Fellowes, S. 199.
  13. Casson, Lionel (1984).Ancient Trade and Society.Mich. S. 235.ISBN 0-8143-1740-5.
  14. Charnan Simon (1990).Explorers of the Ancient World.Childrens Press. S. 26.ISBN 0-516-03053-1.
  15. Christine El Mahdy (2005)Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life,Raincoast Books, S. 297,ISBN 1-55192-879-5.
  16. Stefan Goodwin (2006),Africa's Legacies of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent, Le xing ton Books,S. 48,ISBN 0-7391-0731-3.
  17. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 1, (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2005), S.163
  18. Laitin 1977, S. 8.
  19. 19,019,1Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996).The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy.London: Haan Associates. S. 34–35.ISBN 1-874209-91-X.
  20. Diiwaanka gabayadii, 1856-1921, Maxamad Cabdulle Xasan 1999, S. 219
  21. Kevin Shillington (2005)Encyclopedia of African history,CRC Press, S. 1406,ISBN 1-57958-245-1.
  22. Samatar 1982.
  23. The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East,Greystone Press: 1967, S. 338.
  24. Jeffrey Gettleman.Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier,23 June 2011.
  25. 25,025,1Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest,Al Arabiya.
  26. Somalia: Somali Leaders Adopt Draft Constitution.ANP/AFP.
  27. Somali leaders back new constitution.
  28. Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed.
  29. Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'.
  30. Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?.
  31. Central Bank of Somalia – Economy and Finance.Somalbanca.org. Archiviert vomOriginal[3]am 24. Jenna 2009. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.