Somalia
Somalia,amtle engl.Federal Republic of Somalia,is a Land õn n Hiarl vo Afrika. In n Westn stousst s afEthiopia,in n Noadwestn af Djibouti[1],in n Noadn af n Gulf of Aden, in n Oustn af nIndischn Ozeanun in n Sidwestn af Kenya. Somalia houd dej omlenganna Gstodnlinia zen Festland voAfrika.[2]Es Terrain bstejt hapsechli as Plateaus, Eemman u Beaḡ.[3]Es ganz Joua herscht a woams u hitzes Klima mid periodischnan Monsunwindnan un schwonkatna Rengfell.[4]
Somalia houd a gschetzta Bvelkaring vo umma 15 millionna Leit[5][6]un is bschrim woan aswej es am mejran kulturell homogenna Land z Afrika.[7][8]Umma 85% vo dej Leit duat san ethnisch Somalis,[3]d wou historisch in n Noadn von n Land glebt hom. Ethnischa Mindahatn konzentrian se af n Siḏn.[9]Amtssprounchn han Somali unArabisch.[3]D Iwazol vo d Leit san Muslimm,[10]vo dej wou d mejran Sunnitn han.[11]
I da Antikn is Somalia a wichtes Hanḏlszentrum gweng.[12][13]Vill moina, es mythnhafta alta Puntland warad duatn gleng.[14][15][16]I da Zeid von n Mittlolta houd s a poa Somali-Reichh gem, d wou en Hannl vo da Region dominiad hom, doudadrunta es Ajuran-Sultanat, es Sultanat vo Adal un es Geledi-Sultanat.
In n spaadn 19. Jh. san d Somalischn Sultanatt vo Italjen, Grouss Britannjen u Etiopia kolonialesiad woan.[3][17]D Italjena hom d Koloni Italjenisch Somaliland darricht.[18][19]I da Iid-, som. Ciid, u da Nugaal-Region[20]houd en Sayid Mohamed sa Dervish-Bwegung dafolgreich Etiopjen, Italjen u Grouß Brittanjen veja mol zruggschlong un õ s Gstod[21]zruggdrenga kinna, bvua dass s i da Somaliland Kampanje vo 1920 bsigt woan san.[22]Italja hod d Macht in n Noadoustn, i da Mittn, u nou aa i d sidlinga Regionna daglengt, nou dem dass da Krejḡ genga s Majeerteen Sultanat un es Sultanat vo Hobyo 1927 dafolgreich gweng is.[19]1960 san dej zwoa Regionna, es von ej britisch-bsetzta Somaliland in n Noadn un es von ej italjenisch-bsetzta Somalia in n Oustn, za Somalischn Repablik unta oana Reḡiring zammfejad woan.[23]
Da Iawast Revoluzionsrout houd se 1969 d Macht gschnappt u d Somali Democratic Republic asgrouffn, dej wou 1991, 22 Jouana spaada, min Õfang von n Somalischn Birḡakrejḡ, zammbrochn is. Danou san d mejrann Regionna zen Gwoanats- u zen religjesn Recht zruggkeart. I d frejan 2000a san prowisorischa Bundesbeheadn gschaffn woan. D prowisorische nazionala Reḡiring, engl. Transitional National Government (TNG), hod ma um 2000, dej prowisorischa federala Reḡiring, engl. Transitional Federal Government (TFG), dej wou dej Somalischn Streitkreftt widaheastellt, um 2004 gschaffn.[3][24]2006 hod d TFG d Kontroll iwa n gresstn Toall vo d sidlinga Konfliktregionna vo da nei furmiatn Union vo islamischn Grichtnan, engl. Islamic Courts Union (ICU). Dej ICU is nou zafolln u radikalere Gruppn hom se õgsplittat, wej d Al-Shabaab, d wou genga d TFG u da Afrikanischn Union irnane AMISOM-Truppn um d Region kempft.[3]
In n Summa 2012 hom d Rebelln d mejrann Regionna valounan ghobt un es Trachtn nou permanentnan demokratischn Instituzionnan is lousganga.[25]A neia prowisorischa Vafassing is in n August 2012 virakumma,[26][27]dej wou Somalia zaranaFederaziongmacht houd.[28]In n gleichn Mounad is d Bundesreḡiring vo Somalia furmiad[29]u da Widaafbau z Mogadischu õghebt woan.[25][30]Somalia houd en informelln Wiatschoftssektor pfoltn, da wou ned zletzt i da Vejchawiatschoft, da Hilf duach d Vawondtn in n Asland u da Telekommunikazion fousst.[3][31]Somalia is a Mitglid vo dVaointn Nazionna,vo daArabischn Liga,vo da Afrikanischn Union, vo da Bwegung vo d Blockfrein Stootn, u vo da Organisazion fia Islamische Zammoawat.
Galeri
[Werkeln|Am Gwëntext werkeln]-
Es Beden, a alta somalisch Furm von en Seglschif.
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A Fort von n Majerteen Sultanat.
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D Haptstod Mogadischu um 1936.
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Mogadischu um 1963.
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A politischa Koatn vo 2006.
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A Koatn vo de Prowinzn.
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Da Almadow Beagrigl min Schimbiris Beaḡ.
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Da Juba Fluß.
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Korallnriff, ekologische Parkk u Schutzgebejtt.
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D Kistn oda s Gstod vo Mogadischu as da Lufd.
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A Kamel i de neadlinga Beagg.
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D somalische Fluḡgsellschaft.
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Da Hamarwayne-Moakt i Mogadischu.
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Da Hafn vo Bosaso.
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Es Hormuud Telekom-Haus z Mogadischu.
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Alta Felsnmolarein i da Gnejchtn vo Hargeisa.
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A Bild vo Mogadischu.
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A Bild vo Hargeisa.
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Da Campus vo da Mogadischu Universität.
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D Buaḡ vo Gondereshe.
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Dej Dahabshiil Bank z Hargeisa.
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D Ruina vo Taleex.
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Somalischa Thunfisch.
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Landwiatschaft z Noadwest-Somalia (Somaliland).
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Somalische Goissn i da Gnejchtn vo Beledweyne (Belet Uen).
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D Portugisn z Somalia in n 16. Jh.
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A Koatn zen Birḡakrejg z Somalia.
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A Satelitnbild vo Somalia.
Beleg
[Werkeln|Am Gwëntext werkeln]- ↑Somalia.Britannica.
- ↑Coastline.Central Intelligence Agency. Archiviert vomOriginal[1]am 16. Juli 2017. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
- ↑3,03,13,23,33,43,53,6Somalia.Central Intelligence Agency.
- ↑Somalia – Climate,countrystudies.us.
- ↑"World Population prospects – Population division".population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
- ↑"Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision(xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
- ↑Ismail, AA (2010).Somali state failure: Players, incentives and institutions."What is more puzzling is how this could happen in a country like Somalia, the most homogeneous country in Africa both ethnically, religiously, culturally, and linguistically".
- ↑Woldemichael, B (1993).Decentralisation amidst poverty and disunity: The Sudan, 1969–1983."Somalia, the only homogeneous country in Africa – all its people being ethnic Somalis speaking the same language and professing the same religion"
- ↑Abdullahi 2001.
- ↑Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide.Mepc.org. 1 December 2005. Archiviert vomOriginal[2]am 14. Dezemba 2006. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
- ↑Abdullahi 2001.
- ↑John Kenrick (1855),Phoenicia,B. Fellowes, S. 199.
- ↑Casson, Lionel (1984).Ancient Trade and Society.Mich. S. 235.ISBN 0-8143-1740-5.
- ↑Charnan Simon (1990).Explorers of the Ancient World.Childrens Press. S. 26.ISBN 0-516-03053-1.
- ↑Christine El Mahdy (2005)Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life,Raincoast Books, S. 297,ISBN 1-55192-879-5.
- ↑Stefan Goodwin (2006),Africa's Legacies of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent, Le xing ton Books,S. 48,ISBN 0-7391-0731-3.
- ↑Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 1, (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2005), S.163
- ↑Laitin 1977, S. 8.
- ↑19,019,1Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996).The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy.London: Haan Associates. S. 34–35.ISBN 1-874209-91-X.
- ↑Diiwaanka gabayadii, 1856-1921, Maxamad Cabdulle Xasan 1999, S. 219
- ↑Kevin Shillington (2005)Encyclopedia of African history,CRC Press, S. 1406,ISBN 1-57958-245-1.
- ↑Samatar 1982.
- ↑The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East,Greystone Press: 1967, S. 338.
- ↑Jeffrey Gettleman.Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier,23 June 2011.
- ↑25,025,1Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest,Al Arabiya.
- ↑Somalia: Somali Leaders Adopt Draft Constitution.ANP/AFP.
- ↑Somali leaders back new constitution.
- ↑Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed.
- ↑Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'.
- ↑Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?.
- ↑Central Bank of Somalia – Economy and Finance.Somalbanca.org. Archiviert vomOriginal[3]am 24. Jenna 2009. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
Litratua
[Werkeln|Am Gwëntext werkeln]- Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001).Culture and Customs of Somalia.Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2.
- Alpers, Edward A. (1976). "Gujarat and the Trade of East Africa, c. 1500–1800".The International Journal of African Historical Studies9(1): 22–44.doi: .
- Gebru Tareke:The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa.New Haven, CT: Yale University Press 2009,ISBN 978-0-300-14163-4
- David D. Laitin:Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience.Chicago: University Of Chicago Press 1977,ISBN 978-0-226-46791-7
- Lecarme, Jacqueline; Maury, Carole (1987). "A Software Tool for Research in Linguistics and Lexicography: Application to Somali".Computers and Translation2(1): 21–36.doi: .
- Mauri, Arnaldo,Somalia,in G, Dell'Amore (ed.), "Banking Systems of Africa", Cariplo-Finafrica, Milan, 1971, pp. 209–217.Banking Development in Somalia
- Said S. Samatar:Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1982,ISBN 978-0-521-10457-9
- Schraeder, Peter J. (2006). "From Irredentism to Secession: The Decline of Pan-Somali Nationalism". In Lowell W. Barrington, ed.,After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States(S. 107–137). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.ISBN 978-0-472-09898-9.
- Shay, Shaul.Somalia in Transition Since 2006.Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
- Eric Herbert Warmington:The Commerce Between the Roman Empire and India.South Asia Books 1995,ISBN 81-215-0670-0
- Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World.New York: Oxford University Press 1989,ISBN 978-0-19-505592-4
- A. Rosati; A. Tewolde; C. Mosconi (2007),Animal Production and Animal Science Worldwide,Wageningen Academic Pub, p. 169,ISBN978-90-8686-034-0
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