Indija

Republika Indija भारत गणराज्य*
Zastava
	Uzrečica:"Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit) "Samo istina pobjeđuje"
	Himna:"Jana Gana Mana";
	Položaj na karti Teritorija pod kontrolom Indije prikazana tamno zelenom bojom; teritorija na koju se polaže pravo, ali nije pod kontrolom, prikazana svijetlo zelenom bojom
Glavni grad	New Delhi; 28°36′50″N77°12′30″E/ 28.61389°N 77.20833°E
Službeni jezik	hindskiiengleski
Državno uređenje
• Predsjednica	Droupadi Murmu
• Potpredsjednk	Jagdeep Dhankhar
• Premijer	Narendra Modi
Nezavisnost	15. august 1947.
Površina
• Ukupno	3.287.263 km2(7.)
•Vode(%)	9,6
Stanovništvo
• Ukupno (2011)	1.210.854.000 (2.)
•Gustoća	427,1/km2(30.)
• Procjena (2023)	1.428.627.663
BDP(PKM)	2024 (procjena)
• Ukupno	$16.019 biliona (3.)
•po stanovniku	$11.111(122.)
BDP(nominalni)	2024 (procjena)
• Ukupno	$3.889 biliona (5.)
•po stanovniku	$2.697(141.)
Gini(2021.)	32,8 (srednja nejednakost)
HDI(2022)	0,644 (srednji) (134.)
Valuta	indijska rupija
Vremenska zona	UTC+5:30
Pozivni broj	+91
Internetska domena	.in

Indija,zvaničnoRepublika Indija,^[3]jestsuverena državauJužnoj Aziji,koja se prostire na 3,3 miliona kvadratnih kilometara, što odgovara veličini trećineEvrope,a zauzima veći dioIndijskog potkontinenta.Indija graniči sBangladešom,Mjanmarom,Kinom,Butanom,NepalomiPakistanom,^[a]a na jugu je dotičeIndijski okean,gdje se nalazeŠri LankaiMaldivi.Najveća gradska područja suMumbaina jugozapadu iKolkatana rijeciGanges.Sa preko 1,4 milijarde stanovnika,^[5]Indija je najmnogoljudnija država u svijetu.^[6]^[7]

Etimologija

Ime Indija potječe od riječiSindhu,lokalnog imena za rijeku Ind.^[8]^[9]Zanimljivo je da Vede nemaju nikakvo posebno ime za Indiju. Razne političke stranke predlagale su za Indiju različita imena, među kojima su bili Hindustan, Hindu Rashtra i Bharath. ImeBharatpotječe od dva hinduska kralja po imenu Bharata. "Bha" na sanskrtu znači znanje ili svjetlost, a "rat" je glagol "raditi", pa je "bharat" onaj koji traži znanje. Indija je bila poznata i kao Hindustan (zemlja Hindusa), ali se to ime izbjegavalo nakon stjecanja nezavisnosti 1947, jer je indijski narod odlučio da će Indija biti sekularna država.

Geografija

Geografija Indije ekstremno je raznolika s krajolikom koji se proteže od snijegom pokrivenih planinskih lanaca do pustinja, nizija, brežuljaka i visoravni. Klima se kreće od ekvatorijalne na krajnjem jugu do klime tundre na himalajskim visinama. Indija obuhvata većinu Indijskog potkontinenta i ima obalu dugu preko 7.000 km, od koje većina leži na poluostrvu Dekanu, isturenom u Indijski okean. Indija na zapadu graniči s Arapskim morem, a na istoku s Bengalskim zaljevom.

Plodna indogangeska ravan zauzima većinu sjeverne, srednje i istočne Indije, dok visoravan Dekan zauzima većinu južne Indije. Na zapadu zemlje nalazi se pustinja Thar, koja se sastoji od mješovite stjenovite i pješčane pustinje, dok indijske istočne i sjeveroistočne granice čini visoki himalajski lanac. Najviša tačka u Indiji je sporna zbog teritorijalnog spora s Pakistanom. Prema indijskoj tvrdnji najviša tačka (smještena u spornoj teritoriji Kashmira) jeste K2 na visini od 8.611 m. Najviša tačka na neosporno indijskoj teritoriji je Kanchenjunga na 8.598 m.

Indija graniči s Pakistanom, Narodnom Republikom Kinom, Bangladešom, Mjanmarom, Nepalom, Butanom i Afganistanom. Šri Lanka i Maldivi su ostrvske države južno od Indije. Zemlja je podijeljena na 28 država, šest federalnih administrativnih saveznih teritorija i teritoriju glavnog grada. Političke podjele općenito slijede lingvističke i etničke granice umjesto geografskih prijelaza.

Položaj i veličina

Indija leži sjeverno od ekvatora između 8° 4' i 37° 6' sjeverne geografske širine i 68° 7' i 97° 25' istočne geografske dužine. Po veličini je sedma najveća zemlja na svijetu s ukupnom površinom od 3.287.263 km².Udaljenost od sjevera do juga iznosi 3.214 km, a od istoka do zapada 2.933 km. Indija ima kopnenu granicu dugu 15.200 km i obalnu liniju od 7.516,5 km. Andamanska i Nikobarska ostrva u Bengalskom zalivu i Lakshadweep u Arapskom moru također su dijelovi Indije.

Indija je omeđena Arapskim morem na jugozapadu i Bengalskim zalivom na jugoistoku. Na sjeveru, sjeveroistoku i sjeverozapadu nalaze se Himalaji. Kanyakumari tvori južni vrh indijskog poluostrva koji se sužava prije završetka u Indijskom okeanu.

Politička geografija

Indija je podijeljena na 28 država (koje su dalje podijeljene na distrikte), šest saveznih teritorija i teritoriju nacionalnog glavnog grada Delhi. Države imaju vlastite izabrane vlade, dok saveznim teritorijima upravljaju administratori koje postavlja savezna vlada. Indija polaže pravo na državu Jammu i Kashmir, ali to osporavaju Pakistan i Kina, koji upravljaju dijelovima teritorije. Kina polaže pravo na državu Arunachal Pradesh, koja se nalazi pod upravom Indije.

Geografske regije

Indija se dijeli na sedam geografskih regija. One su

Sjeverne planine koje uključuju Himalaje i sjeveroistočne planinske lance.
Indogangeska ravan
Pustinja Thar
Središnja pobrđa i visoravan Dekan
Istočna obala
Zapadna obala
Granična mora i ostrva

Planine

Veliki luk planina, sastavljen od lanaca Himalaja, Hindukuša i Patkaija, definira indijski potkontinent. Te su planine oblikovane tektonskim sudarima indijske i evroazijske ploče koji su započeli prije otprilike 50 miliona godina i traju i danas. Ovi su planinski lanci dom nekima od najviših planina na svijetu, te osiguravaju prirodnu prepreku protiv hladnih polarnih vjetrova. Oni također omogućuju monsune koji pokreću klimu u Indiji. Brojne rijeke koje izviru u tim planinama osiguravaju vodu za plodnu indogangesku ravan. Biogeografi označavaju te planine granicom između dviju velikih zemljinih ekozona: umjerenog Paleoarktika koji prekriva većinu Evroazije, te tropske i suptropske Indomalajske ekozone koja uključuje indijski potkontinent i prostire se na Jugoistočnu Aziju i Indoneziju. U historiji su navedeni lanci služili kao prepreka osvajačima.

Indija ima nekoliko većih planinskih lanaca čiji se vrhovi nalaze iznad 1.000 m. Himalaji su jedini planinski lanci koji imaju snijegom prekrivene vrhove. Ti lanci su:

Aravalli
Istočni Gati
Himalaji
Patkai
Vindhyas
Sahyadri ili Zapadni Gati
Satpuras

Himalaji

Himalaji se protežu od države Jammu i Kashmir na zapadu do države Arunachal Pradesh na istoku. Te države uz Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal i Sikkim leže uglavnom u himalajskoj regiji. Neki od himalajskih vrhova prelaze visinu od 7.000 m, a snježna granica se proteže između 6.000 m u Sikkimu do oko 3.000 m u Kashmiru. Kanchenjunga, koja se nalazi u Sikkimu, najviša je tačka na indijskoj teritoriji (neosporno). Većina vrhunaca u Himalajama ostaje snijegom prikovana tokom čitave godine.

Vlada

Od donošenja Ustava 1950. Indija je parlamentarna republlika.

Predsjednik republike

Od 25. jula 2012. predsjednik jePranab Mukherjee.

Pranab Mukherjee

Političke podjele

Indija je upravno podijeljena na 28 saveznih država, šest saveznih teritorija, dok glavni gradNew Delhiima poseban status.

Savezne države:

Savezne države i teritorije Indije

Savezne teritorije:

Teritorija glavnog grada:

Delhi

Privreda

Privredu karakteriziraju nizakGNPi velik jaz između bogatih i siromašnih. Važniji izvori prihoda su: ugalj, željezna ruda,mangan,boksit, bakar, sumpor, titan, kromit,zemni plin,dijamanti,nafta,vapnenac,čaj,kafa, guma, papar, kokosov orah, juta, pamuk itd.

Demografija

Približno 75% stanovnika indoarijskog je porijekla, 23% čine Dravidi, koji nastanjuju južnu Indiju.

U Indiji postoji mnogo religija. Četiri petine stanovništva čine hinduisti, 13,4% muslimani, 2,4% kršćani, 2% siki, 0,7% budisti.

Kultura

Također pogledajte

Agni-V

Bilješke

^Vlada IndijesmatraAfganistangraničnom državom, jer smatra da je cijeliKašmirdio Indije. Međutim, ovo jesporno,a Kašmirom koji graniči s Afganistanom upravlja Pakistan.^[4]

Reference

^National Informatics Centre 2005.
^^a ^b ^c ^d"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (India)".imf.org.International Monetary Fund.22 October 2024.Pristupljeno22 October2024.
^–The Essential Desk Reference,Oxford University Press,2002, str. 76,ISBN 978-0-19-512873-4"Official name: Republic of India."; –John Da Graça (2017),Heads of State and Government,London:Macmillan,str. 421,ISBN 978-1-349-65771-1"Official name: Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya (Hindi)"; –Graham Rhind (2017),Global Sourcebook of Address Data Management: A Guide to Address Formats and Data in 194 Countries,Taylor & Francis,str. 302,ISBN 978-1-351-93326-1"Official name: Republic of India; Bharat."; –Bradnock, Robert W. (2015),The Routledge Atlas of South Asian Affairs,Routledge,str. 108,ISBN 978-1-317-40511-5"Official name: English: Republic of India; Hindi:Bharat Ganarajya"; –Penguin Compact Atlas of the World,Penguin,2012, str. 140,ISBN 978-0-7566-9859-1"Official name: Republic of India"; –Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary(3rd izd.),Merriam-Webster,1997, str. 515–516,ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9"Officially, Republic of India"; –Complete Atlas of the World: The Definitive View of the Earth(3rd izd.),DK Publishing,2016, str. 54,ISBN 978-1-4654-5528-4"Official name: Republic of India"; –Worldwide Government Directory with Intergovernmental Organizations 2013,CQ Press,2013, str. 726,ISBN 978-1-4522-9937-2"India (Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya)"
^"Ministry of Home Affairs (Department of Border Management)"(PDF).Arhivirano soriginala(PDF),17 March 2015.Pristupljeno1 September2008.
^Dyson 2018,str.219,262
^Biswas, Soutik (1 May 2023)."Most populous nation: Should India rejoice or panic?".BBC News.British Broadcasting Corporation.Pristupljeno3 May2023.
^World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results(PDF).New York: United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs. 2022. str. i.
^"India (noun)",Oxford English Dictionary(3rd izd.), 2009(subscription required)
^Thieme 1970,str. 447–450.

Dodatna literatura

Pregled

"India",The World Factbook,Central Intelligence Agency,pristupljeno10 July2021
"Country Profile: India"(PDF),Library of Congress Country Studies(5th izd.),Library of Congress Federal Research Division,December 2004, arhivirano soriginala(PDF),27 September 2011,pristupljeno30 September2011
Heitzman, James; Worden, Robert L. (1996),India: A Country Study,Area Handbook Series, Washington, D.C.:Library of Congress,ISBN 978-0-8444-0833-0
India,International Monetary Fund,pristupljeno14 October2011
Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 India,Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner,pristupljeno18 October2021
Robinson, Francis, ed.The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and the Maldives(1989)
Constituent Assembly of India – Volume XII,National Informatics Centre,Government of India,24 January 1950, arhivirano soriginala,21 July 2011,pristupljeno17 July2011

Etimologija

Barrow, Ian J. (2003). "From Hindustan to India: Naming change in changing names".South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies.26(1): 37–49.doi:10.1080/085640032000063977.S2CID 144039519.
Clémentin-Ojha, Catherine (2014)."'India, that is Bharat...': One Country, Two Names ".South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal.10.Arhivirano soriginala,28 September 2015.
Thieme, P. (1970). "Sanskritsindu-/Sindhu-and Old Iranianhindu-/Hindu-".u Mary Boyce; Ilya Gershevitch (ured.).W. B. Henning Memorial Volume.Lund Humphries.ISBN 978-0-85331-255-0.

Historija

Asher, C. B.; Talbot, C. (2006),India Before Europe,Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7
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Brown, J. M.(1994),Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy,The Short Oxford History of the Modern World(2nd izd.),Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-873113-9
Coningham, Robin; Young, Ruth (2015),The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c. 6500 BCE – 200 CE,Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-0-521-84697-4
Copland, I. (2001),India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire,Longman,ISBN 978-0-582-38173-5
Kulke, H.;Rothermund, D. (2004),A History of India,4th,Routledge,ISBN 978-0-415-32920-0
Ludden, D. (2002),India and South Asia: A Short History,Oneworld Publications,ISBN 978-1-85168-237-9
Ludden, D. (2014),India and South Asia: A Short History(2nd, revised izd.),Oneworld Publications,ISBN 978-1-85168-936-1
Metcalf, Barbara D.;Metcalf, Thomas R.(2006),A Concise History of Modern India(2nd izd.),Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-0-521-68225-1
Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2012),A Concise History of Modern India,Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-1-107-02649-0
Peers, D. M. (2006),India under Colonial Rule: 1700–1885,Pearson Longman,ISBN 978-0-582-31738-3
Peers, D. M. (2013),India Under Colonial Rule: 1700–1885,Routledge,ISBN 978-1-317-88286-2,pristupljeno13 August2019
Petraglia, Michael D.;Allchin, Bridget(2007),"Human evolution and culture change in the Indian subcontinent",u Michael Petraglia; Bridget Allchin (ured.),The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics,Springer Publishing,ISBN 978-1-4020-5562-1
Possehl, G.(2003),The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective,Rowman Altamira,ISBN 978-0-7591-0172-2
Robb, P. (2001),A History of India,Palgrave,ISBN 978-0-333-69129-8
Robb, P. (2011),A History of India,Palgrave Macmillan,ISBN 978-0-230-34549-2
Sarkar, S. (1983),Modern India: 1885–1947,Delhi:Macmillan,ISBN 978-0-333-90425-1
Singh, Upinder(2009),A History of Ancient and Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century,Delhi:Longman,ISBN 978-81-317-1677-9
Singh, Upinder (2017),Political Violence in Ancient India,Harvard University Press,ISBN 978-0-674-98128-7
Sripati, V. (1998), "Toward Fifty Years of Constitutionalism and Fundamental Rights in India: Looking Back to See Ahead (1950–2000)",American University International Law Review,14(2): 413–496
Stein, B.(1998),A History of India,Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell,ISBN 978-0-631-20546-3
Stein, B.(2010), Arnold, D. (ured.),A History of India(2nd izd.), Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell,ISBN 978-1-4051-9509-6
Witzel, Michael(2003),"Vedas and Upanișads",u Gavin D. Flood (ured.),The Blackwell companion to Hinduism,John Wiley & Sons,ISBN 978-0-631-21535-6,pristupljeno15 March2012
Wolpert, S.(2003),A New History of India(7th izd.),Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-516678-1

Geografija

Ali, J. R.; Aitchison, J. C. (2005), "Greater India",Earth-Science Reviews,72(3–4): 170–173,Bibcode:2005ESRv...72..169A,doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.005
Basu, Mahua; Xavier, Savarimuthu (2017),Fundamentals of Environmental Studies,Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-1-316-87051-8
Chang, J. H. (1967), "The Indian Summer Monsoon",Geographical Review,American Geographical Society,Wiley,57(3), str. 373–396,Bibcode:1967GeoRv..57..373C,doi:10.2307/212640,JSTOR 212640
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 with Amendments Made in 1988(PDF),Department of Environment and Forests, Government of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 1988, arhivirano soriginala(PDF),21 July 2011,pristupljeno25 July2011
Dikshit, K. R.;Schwartzberg, Joseph E.(2023),"India: Land",Encyclopædia Britannica,str. 1–29
Duff, D.(1993),Holmes Principles of Physical Geology(4th izd.),Routledge,ISBN 978-0-7487-4381-0
Kaul, R. N. (1970), "The Indian Subcontinent: Indo-Pakistan", u Kaul, R. N. (ured.),Afforestation in Arid Zones,The Hague: Dr. W. Junk, N.V., Publishers,ISBN 978-94-010-3352-7
Kumar, V. Sanil; Pathak, K. C.; Pednekar, P.; Raju, N. S. N.; Gowthaman, R. (2006),"Coastal processes along the Indian coastline"(PDF),Current Science,91(4), str. 530–536, arhivirano soriginala(PDF),8 September 2009
Mcgrail, Sean; Blue, Lucy; Kentley, Eric; Palmer, Colin (2003),Boats of South Asia,Routledge,ISBN 978-1-134-43130-4
India Yearbook 2007,New Delhi: Publications Division,Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,Government of India,2007,ISBN 978-81-230-1423-4
Posey, C. A. (1994),The Living Earth Book of Wind and Weather,Reader's Digest,ISBN 978-0-89577-625-9
Prakash, B.; Kumar, S.; Rao, M. S.; Giri, S. C. (2000),"Holocene Tectonic Movements and Stress Field in the Western Gangetic Plains"(PDF),Current Science,79(4): 438–449
Prasad, Ishwar (1974), "The Ecology of Vertebrates of the Indian Desert", u Mani, M. S. (ured.),Ecology and Biogeography in India,The Hague: Dr. W. Junk bv Publishers,ISBN 978-94-010-2333-7

Bioraznolikost

Basak, R. K. (1983),Botanical Survey of India: Account of Its Establishment, Development, and Activities,India.Department of Environment,pristupljeno20 July2011
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Karanth, K. Ullas; Gopal, Rajesh (2005), "An ecology-based policy framework for human-tiger coexistence in India", u Rosie Woodroffe; Simon Thirgood; Alan Rabinowitz (ured.),People and Wildlife, Conflict Or Co-existence?,Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-0-521-53203-7
Karanth, K. P. (2006),"Out-of-India Gondwanan Origin of Some Tropical Asian Biota"(PDF),Current Science,90(6): 789–792, arhivirano soriginala(PDF),11 April 2019,pristupljeno18 May2011
Mace, G. M. (1994),"1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals",World Conservation Monitoring Centre,International Union for Conservation of Nature,ISBN 978-2-8317-0194-3
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Politika

Banerjee, Sumanta (22 July 2005). "Civilising the BJP".Economic & Political Weekly.40(29): 3116–3119.JSTOR 4416896.
Bhambhri, C. P. (1992),Politics in India, 1991–1992,Shipra,ISBN 978-81-85402-17-8,pristupljeno20 July2011
Burnell, P. J.; Calvert, P. (1999),The Resilience of Democracy: Persistent Practice, Durable Idea,Taylor & Francis,ISBN 978-0-7146-8026-2,pristupljeno20 July2011
India, Press Trust of (16 May 2009),"Second UPA Win, A Crowning Glory for Sonia's Ascendancy",Business StandardIndia,Press Trust of India, arhivirano soriginala,5 March 2016,pristupljeno13 June2009
Chander, N. J. (2004),Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience,Concept Publishing Company,ISBN 978-81-8069-092-1,pristupljeno20 July2011
Dunleavy, P.; Diwakar, R.; Dunleavy, C. (2007),The Effective Space of Party Competition(PDF),London School of Economicsand Political Science, arhivirano soriginala(PDF),28 October 2007,pristupljeno27 September2011
Dutt, S. (1998), "Identities and the Indian State: An Overview",Third World Quarterly,19(3): 411–434,doi:10.1080/01436599814325
Echeverri-Gent, J. (January 2002),"Politics in India's Decentred Polity",u Ayres, A.; Oldenburg, P. (ured.),Quickening the Pace of Change,India Briefing, London:M. E. Sharpe,str.19–53,ISBN 978-0-7656-0812-3
"Current Recognised Parties"(PDF),Election Commission of India,14 March 2009,pristupljeno5 July2010
Gledhill, A. (1970),The Republic of India: The Development of its Laws and Constitution,Greenwood,ISBN 978-0-8371-2813-9,pristupljeno21 July2011
Malik, Yogendra K.; Singh, V. B. (April 1992). "Bharatiya Janata Party: An Alternative to the Congress (I)?".Asian Survey.32(4): 318–336.doi:10.2307/2645149.JSTOR 2645149.
Mathew, K. M. (2003),Manorama Yearbook,Malayala Manorama,ISBN 978-81-900461-8-3,pristupljeno21 July2011
"National Symbols",Know India,National Informatics Centre,Government of India,arhiviranos originala, 18 April 2021,pristupljeno18 April2021
Neuborne, Burt (2003), "The Supreme Court of India",International Journal of Constitutional Law,1(3): 476–510,doi:10.1093/icon/1.3.476
Pylee, M. V. (2003a),"The Longest Constitutional Document",Constitutional Government in India(2nd izd.),S. Chand,ISBN 978-81-219-2203-6
Pylee, M. V. (2003b),"The Union Judiciary: The Supreme Court",Constitutional Government in India(2nd izd.),S. Chand,ISBN 978-81-219-2203-6,pristupljeno2 November2007
Sarkar, N. I. (2007),Sonia Gandhi: Tryst with India,Atlantic,ISBN 978-81-269-0744-1,pristupljeno20 July2011
Sharma, R. (1950), "Cabinet Government in India",Parliamentary Affairs,4(1): 116–126,doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a052755
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Sinha, A. (2004), "The Changing Political Economy of Federalism in India",India Review,3(1): 25–63,doi:10.1080/14736480490443085,S2CID 154543286
Wheare, K. C. (1980),Federal Government(4th izd.),Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-313-22702-8

Vanjski odnosi i vojska

Alford, P. (7 July 2008),"G8 Plus 5 Equals Power Shift",The Australian,pristupljeno21 November2009
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Kumar, A. V. (1 May 2010),"Reforming the NPT to Include India",Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,arhivirano soriginala,7 April 2014,pristupljeno1 November2010
Miglani, S. (28 February 2011),"With An Eye on China, India Steps Up Defence Spending",Reuters,arhiviranos originala, 2 May 2011,pristupljeno6 July2011
Nair, V. K. (2007),"No More Ambiguity: India's Nuclear Policy"(PDF),afsa.org,arhivirano soriginala(PDF),27 September 2007,pristupljeno7 June2007
Pandit, Rajat (27 July 2009),"N-Submarine to Give India Crucial Third Leg of Nuke Triad",The Times of India,arhiviranos originala, 11 August 2011,pristupljeno10 March2010
Pandit, Rajat (8 January 2015),"Make-in-India: Plan to develop 5th-generation fighter aircraft",The Times of India,arhiviranos originala, 11 March 2015,pristupljeno17 October2021
Pandit, Rajat (16 March 2021)."India's weapon imports fell by 33% in last five years but remains world's second-largest arms importer".The Times of India.Pristupljeno3 February2022.
Pandit, Rajat (1 February 2022)."Strong push for indigenous weapons amidst modest hike in defence budget".The Times of India.Pristupljeno3 February2022.
Perkovich, G. (2001),India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation,University of California Press,ISBN 978-0-520-23210-5,pristupljeno22 July2011
India, France Agree on Civil Nuclear Cooperation,Rediff,25 January 2008,pristupljeno22 August2010
"UK, India Sign Civil Nuclear Accord",Reuters,13 February 2010,arhiviranos originala, 12 May 2012,pristupljeno22 August2010
Rothermund, D. (2000),The Routledge Companion to Decolonization,Routledge Companions to History,Routledge,ISBN 978-0-415-35632-9
Sharma, S. R. (1999),India–USSR Relations 1947–1971: From Ambivalence to Steadfastness,1,Discovery,ISBN 978-81-7141-486-4
Sisodia, N. S.; Naidu, G. V. C. (2005),Changing Security Dynamic in Eastern Asia: Focus on Japan,Promilla,ISBN 978-81-86019-52-8
"India, US Sign 123 Agreement",The Times of India,11 October 2008,arhiviranos originala, 7 November 2011,pristupljeno21 July2011

Ekonomija

Alamgir, J. (2008),India's Open-Economy Policy: Globalism, Rivalry, Continuity,Taylor & Francis,ISBN 978-0-415-77684-4,pristupljeno23 July2011
Bonner, B (20 March 2010),"Make Way, World. India Is on the Move",The Christian Science Monitor,pristupljeno23 July2011
Farrell, D.; Beinhocker, E. (19 May 2007),Next Big Spenders: India's Middle Class,McKinsey & Company,arhivirano soriginala,5 December 2011,pristupljeno17 September2011
Gargan, E. A. (15 August 1992),"India Stumbles in Rush to a Free Market Economy",The New York Times,pristupljeno22 July2011
Hawksworth, John; Tiwari, Anmol (January 2011),The World in 2050: The Accelerating Shift of Global Economic Power: Challenges and Opportunities(PDF),PricewaterhouseCoopers,pristupljeno23 July2011
Nayak, P. B.; Goldar, B.; Agrawal, P. (2010),India's Economy and Growth: Essays in Honour of V. K. R. V. Rao,SAGE Publications,ISBN 978-81-321-0452-0
Pal, P.; Ghosh, J (July 2007),"Inequality in India: A Survey of Recent Trends"(PDF),DESA Working Paper No. 45,United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,pristupljeno23 July2011
Schwab, K. (2010),The Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011(PDF),World Economic Forum,pristupljeno10 May2011
Sheth, N. (28 May 2009),"Outlook for Outsourcing Spending Brightens",The Wall Street Journal,pristupljeno3 October2010
Yep, E. (27 September 2011),"ReNew Wind Power Gets $201 Million Goldman Investment",The Wall Street Journal,pristupljeno27 September2011
"India Second Fastest Growing Auto Market After China",Business Line,10 April 2010,pristupljeno23 July2011
"India world's second largest textiles exporter: UN Comtrade".The Economic Times.2 June 2014.Arhiviranos originala, 5 June 2014.Pristupljeno17 October2021.
"India's Economy: Not Just Rubies and Polyester Shirts",The Economist,8 October 2011,pristupljeno9 October2011
"Indian Car Exports Surge 36%",Express India,13 October 2009, arhivirano soriginala,28 April 2016,pristupljeno5 April2016
"Measuring the cost of living worldwide",The Economist,21 March 2017,arhiviranos originala, 25 May 2017,pristupljeno25 May2017
Economic Survey of India 2007: Policy Brief(PDF),Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,October 2007, arhivirano soriginala(PDF),6 June 2011,pristupljeno22 July2011
India: Undernourished Children – A Call for Reform and Action,World Bank,arhivirano soriginala,7 May 2012,pristupljeno23 July2011
Indian IT-BPO Industry,NASSCOM,2011–2012, arhivirano soriginala,9 May 2012,pristupljeno22 June2012
Understanding the WTO: The Organization Members and Observers,World Trade Organization,1995, arhivirano soriginala,29 December 2009,pristupljeno23 June2012
World Economic Outlook Update,International Monetary Fund,June 2011,pristupljeno22 July2011

Demografija

Chandramouli, C. (15 July 2011),Rural Urban Distribution of Population(PDF),Ministry of Home Affairs (India),pristupljeno24 January2015
Dharwadker, A. (2010),"Representing India's Pasts: Time, Culture, and Problems of Performance Historiography",u Canning, C. M.; Postlewait, T. (ured.),Representing the Past: Essays in Performance Historiography,University of Iowa Press,ISBN 978-1-58729-905-6,pristupljeno24 July2011
Drèze, J.; Goyal, A. (2009),"The Future of Mid-Day Meals",u Baru, R. V. (ured.),School Health Services in India: The Social and Economic Contexts,SAGE Publications,ISBN 978-81-7829-873-3
Dyson, T.; Visaria, P. (2005),"Migration and Urbanisation: Retrospect and Prospects",u Dyson, T.; Casses, R.; Visaria, L. (ured.),Twenty-First Century India: Population, Economy, Human Development, and the Environment,Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-928382-8
Dyson, Tim (2018),A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day,Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8
Fisher, Michael H. (2018),An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century,Cambridge and New York:Cambridge University Press,doi:10.1017/9781316276044,ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2,LCCN 2018021693,S2CID 134229667
Garg, S. C. (19 April 2005),Mobilizing Urban Infrastructure Finance in India(PDF),World Bank,arhivirano soriginala(PDF),24 August 2009,pristupljeno27 January2010
Mallikarjun, B (November 2004),"Fifty Years of Language Planning for Modern Hindi – The Official Language of India",Language in India,4(11),ISSN 1930-2940,arhivirano soriginala,10 January 2018,pristupljeno24 July2011
Ottenheimer, H. J. (2008),The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology,Cengage,ISBN 978-0-495-50884-7
Ratna, U. (2007),"Interface Between Urban and Rural Development in India",u Dutt, A. K.; Thakur, B. (ured.),City, Society, and Planning,1,Concept,ISBN 978-81-8069-459-2
Rorabacher, J. A. (2010),Hunger and Poverty in South Asia,Gyan,ISBN 978-81-212-1027-0
Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L,Ministry of Home Affairs,Government of India,27 April 1960, arhivirano soriginala,1 October 2014,pristupljeno13 May2011
"Census Data 2001",Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner,Ministry of Home Affairs,Government of India,2010–2011,pristupljeno22 July2011

Umjetnost

Blurton, T. Richard (1993),Hindu Art,Harvard University Press,ISBN 978-0-674-39189-5
Craven, Roy C(1997),Indian art: a concise history,New York City:Thames & Hudson,ISBN 978-0-500-20302-6,OCLC 37895110
Harle, James C. (1994),The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent,Yale University Press,ISBN 978-0-300-06217-5
Michell, George (2000),Hindu Art and Architecture,Thames & Hudson,ISBN 978-0-500-20337-8
Rowland, Benjamin (1970),The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain,Penguin Books

Kultura

Binmore, K. G. (2007),Playing for Real: A Text on Game Theory,Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-530057-4
Chopra, P. (2011),A Joint Enterprise: Indian Elites and the Making of British Bombay,University of Minnesota Press,ISBN 978-0-8166-7037-6
Cullen-Dupont, K. (July 2009),Human Trafficking,Infobase Publishing,ISBN 978-0-8160-7545-4
Cyriac, B. B. (9 August 2010),"Sawant Shoots Historic Gold at World Championships",The Times of India,pristupljeno25 May2011
Das, S. K. (2005),A History of Indian Literature, 500–1399: From Courtly to the Popular,Sahitya Akademi,ISBN 978-81-260-2171-0
Datta, A. (2006),The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature,2,Sahitya Akademi,ISBN 978-81-260-1194-0
Dehejia, R. S. (7 November 2011),"Indian Grand Prix Vs. Encephalitis?",The Wall Street Journal,pristupljeno20 December2011
Deutsch, E. (1969),Advaita Vedānta: A Philosophical Reconstruction,University of Hawaiʻi Press,ISBN 978-0-8248-0271-4
Dissanayake, W. K.; Gokulsing, M. (May 2004),Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change(2nd izd.),Trentham Books,ISBN 978-1-85856-329-9
Futterman, M; Sharma, A (11 September 2009),"India Aims for Center Court",The Wall Street Journal,pristupljeno29 September2010
Hansa Research (2012)."Growth: Literacy & Media Consumption"(PDF).Indian Readership Survey 2012 Q1: Topline Findings.Media Research Users Council. Arhivirano soriginala(PDF),7 April 2014.Pristupljeno12 September2012.
Hart, G. L. (1975),Poems of Ancient Tamil: Their Milieu and Their Sanskrit Counterparts,University of California Press,ISBN 978-0-520-02672-8
Heehs, P., ured. (2002),Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience,New York University Press,ISBN 978-0-8147-3650-0,pristupljeno24 July2011
Hoiberg, D.; Ramchandani, I. (2000),Students' Britannica India: Select Essays,Popular Prakashan,ISBN 978-0-85229-762-9
Johnson, W. J., ured. (2008),The Sauptikaparvan of the Mahabharata: The Massacre at Night,Oxford World's Classics(2nd izd.),Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-282361-8
Jones, G.; Ramdas, K. (2005),(Un)tying the Knot: Ideal and Reality in Asian Marriage,National University of Singapore Press,ISBN 978-981-05-1428-0
Kālidāsa;Johnson, W. J. (2001),The Recognition of Śakuntalā: A Play in Seven Acts,Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-283911-4
Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. (2011),India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic,ABC-CLIO,ISBN 978-0-313-37462-3,pristupljeno12 September2012
Karanth, S. K.(2002),Yakṣagāna,Abhinav Publications,ISBN 978-81-7017-357-1
Kiple, K. F.; Ornelas, K. C., ured. (2000),The Cambridge World History of Food,2,Cambridge and New York:Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-0-521-40215-6
Kuiper, K., ured. (2010),The Culture of India,Britannica Educational Publishing,ISBN 978-1-61530-203-1,pristupljeno24 July2011
Kumar, V. (2000),Vastushastra,All You Wanted to Know About Series (2nd izd.),Sterling Publishing,ISBN 978-81-207-2199-9
Lal, A. (2004),The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre,Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-564446-3,pristupljeno24 July2011
Lang, J.; Moleski, W. (1 December 2010),Functionalism Revisited,Ashgate Publishing,ISBN 978-1-4094-0701-0
MacDonell, A. A.(2004),A History of Sanskrit Literature,Kessinger Publishing,ISBN 978-1-4179-0619-2
Majumdar, B.; Bandyopadhyay, K. (2006),A Social History of Indian Football: Striving To Score,Routledge,ISBN 978-0-415-34835-5
Makar, E. M. (2007),An American's Guide to Doing Business in India,Adams,ISBN 978-1-59869-211-2
Massey, R.; Massey, J (1998),The Music of India,Abhinav Publications,ISBN 978-81-7017-332-8
Medora, N. (2003), "Mate Selection in Contemporary India: Love Marriages Versus Arranged Marriages", u Hamon, R. R.; Ingoldsby, B. B. (ured.),Mate Selection Across Cultures,SAGE Publications,str. 209–230,ISBN 978-0-7619-2592-7
Mehta, Nalin (2008),Television in India: Satellites, Politics and Cultural Change,Taylor & FrancisUS,ISBN 978-0-415-44759-1,pristupljeno12 September2012
Narayan, Sunetra Sen (2013), "Context of Broadcasting in India",Globalization and Television: A Study of the Indian Experience, 1990–2010,Oxford University Press,str. 55–69,doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198092360.003.0004,ISBN 978-0-19-809236-0
Sengupta, R. (24 September 2010),"Is Bo xing the New Cricket?",Mint,pristupljeno5 October2010
Nakamura, H. (1999),Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes,Buddhist Tradition Series (12th izd.),Motilal Banarsidass,ISBN 978-81-208-0272-8
Rajadhyaksha, A.; Willemen, P., ured. (1999),Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema(2nd izd.),British Film Institute,ISBN 978-0-85170-669-6
Poems of Love and War: From the Eight Anthologies and the Ten Long Poems of Classical Tamil,prevod:Ramanujan, A. K.,New York:Columbia University Press,1985,ISBN 978-0-231-05107-1
Roberts, N. W. (2004),Building Type Basics for Places of Worship,John Wiley & Sons,ISBN 978-0-471-22568-3
Roger, Delphine. "The Middle East and South Asia (in Chapter: History and Culture of Food and Drink in Asia)".InKiple & Ornelas (2000),pp. 1140–1150.
Schwartzberg, J. (2011),"India: Caste",Encyclopædia Britannica,pristupljeno17 July2011
Silverman, S. (2007),Vastu: Transcendental Home Design in Harmony with Nature,Gibbs Smith,ISBN 978-1-4236-0132-6
Tarlo, E. (1996),Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India,University of Chicago Press,ISBN 978-0-226-78976-7,pristupljeno24 July2011
Xavier, L. (12 September 2010),"Sushil Kumar Wins Gold in World Wrestling Championship",The Times of India,pristupljeno5 October2010
Zvelebil, K. V. (1997),Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature,Brill Publishers,ISBN 978-90-04-09365-2
Anand Crowned World Champion,Rediff,29 October 2008,pristupljeno29 October2008
"Taj Mahal",World Heritage Convention,United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation,pristupljeno3 March2012
"Saina Nehwal: India's Badminton Star and" New Woman"",BBC News,1 August 2010,pristupljeno5 October2010
"Commonwealth Games 2010: India Dominate Shooting Medals",Commonwealth Games 2010,BBC,7 October 2010,pristupljeno3 June2011

Vanjski linkovi

Indijana Wikimedia Commonsu

[5] Vlada IndijesmatraAfganistangraničnom državom, jer smatra da je cijeliKašmirdio Indije. Međutim, ovo jesporno,a Kašmirom koji graniči s Afganistanom upravlja Pakistan.^[4]

[FOOTNOTENational_Informatics_Centre2005-1] National Informatics Centre 2005.

[IMFWEO.IN-2] "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (India)".imf.org.International Monetary Fund.22 October 2024.Pristupljeno22 October2024.

[3] –The Essential Desk Reference,Oxford University Press,2002, str. 76,ISBN 978-0-19-512873-4"Official name: Republic of India."; –John Da Graça (2017),Heads of State and Government,London:Macmillan,str. 421,ISBN 978-1-349-65771-1"Official name: Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya (Hindi)"; –Graham Rhind (2017),Global Sourcebook of Address Data Management: A Guide to Address Formats and Data in 194 Countries,Taylor & Francis,str. 302,ISBN 978-1-351-93326-1"Official name: Republic of India; Bharat."; –Bradnock, Robert W. (2015),The Routledge Atlas of South Asian Affairs,Routledge,str. 108,ISBN 978-1-317-40511-5"Official name: English: Republic of India; Hindi:Bharat Ganarajya"; –Penguin Compact Atlas of the World,Penguin,2012, str. 140,ISBN 978-0-7566-9859-1"Official name: Republic of India"; –Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary(3rd izd.),Merriam-Webster,1997, str. 515–516,ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9"Officially, Republic of India"; –Complete Atlas of the World: The Definitive View of the Earth(3rd izd.),DK Publishing,2016, str. 54,ISBN 978-1-4654-5528-4"Official name: Republic of India"; –Worldwide Government Directory with Intergovernmental Organizations 2013,CQ Press,2013, str. 726,ISBN 978-1-4522-9937-2"India (Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya)"

[4] "Ministry of Home Affairs (Department of Border Management)"(PDF).Arhivirano soriginala(PDF),17 March 2015.Pristupljeno1 September2008.

[Dyson2018-219-6] Dyson 2018,str.219,262

[7] Biswas, Soutik (1 May 2023)."Most populous nation: Should India rejoice or panic?".BBC News.British Broadcasting Corporation.Pristupljeno3 May2023.

[8] World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results(PDF).New York: United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs. 2022. str. i.

[9] "India (noun)",Oxford English Dictionary(3rd izd.), 2009(subscription required)

[FOOTNOTEThieme1970447–450-10] Thieme 1970,str. 447–450.

[3]

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[7]

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[4]