Henry Kissinger

Henry Kissinger
Henry Kissinger
56.Državni sekretar SAD
	Vrijeme na dužnosti; 22. septembar 1973 – 20. januar 1977.
Prethodnik	William Rogers
Nasljednik	Cyrus Vance
Lični podaci
Rođenje	27. maj 1923.; Fürth,Bavarska,Vajmarska Republika
Smrt	29. novembar 2023(100 godina); Kent,Connecticut,SAD
Nacionalnost	Amerikanac
Etnicitet	Jevrejin
Politička stranka	Republikanska stranka

Henry Alfred Kissinger(rođen kaoHeinz Alfred Kissinger;27. maj 1923 – 29. novembar 2023) bio jeamerički diplomat jevrejskogporijekla, utjecajan u američkoj politici od 1969. do 1977. Od 1973. do 1977. obavljao je dužnost 56.državnog sekretara SAD-ai bio je savjetnik za nacionalnu sigurnost u predsjedničkim administracijamaRicharda NixonaiGeralda Forda.^[2]

Biografija

Rođen je kao Heinz Alfred Kissinger uFürthu(Bavarska). Otac mu je bio školski učitelj. Potječe izjevrejske porodice.^[1]Pobjegao je izNjemačkeprednacističkimprogonom 1938. Godine 1943. postao je naturalizirani Amerikanac. Ženio se dva puta. Ima dvoje djece. U poslijeratnoj Njemačkoj pokazao je legendarnu sposobnost hapšenjaGestapovihagenata. Briljirao je akademski i diplomirao je s pohvalom naHarvardu1950. godine, gdje je i magistrirao i doktorirao filozofiju 1951. i 1954.

Kissinger je igrao istaknutu ulogu u vanjskoj politici Sjedinjenih Država između 1969. i 1977. godine, pionir politike detanta sa Sovjetskim Savezom tokomHladnog rata,orkestrirajući otvaranje odnosa saKinom,angažirajući se u onome što je postalo poznato kao šatl diplomatija naBliskom istokukoji je okončaoJomkipurski rati pregovarao oPariskom mirovnom sporazumu,koji je okončao američko učešće uVijetnamskom ratu.Kissinger je također bio povezivan s takvim kontroverznim politikama kao što su američkobombardiranje Kambodžetokom Vijetnamskog rata, umiješanost SAD učileanski državni udar 1973,dao je "zeleno svjetlo"argentinskoj vojnoj huntiza njihovPrljavi rati američka podrškaPakistanutokomBangladeša rata za nezavisnostuprkos genocidu koji je počinio Pakistan.^[3]Nakon što je napustio vladu, osnovao je Kissinger Associates, međunarodnu geopolitičku konsultantsku firmu. Kissinger je napisao više knjiga o diplomatskoj historiji i međunarodnim odnosima.

Kissingerovo nasljeđe je polarizirajuća tema u američkoj politici. Naučnici ga naširoko smatraju efikasnim državnim sekretarom^[4]i osuđuju ga zato što je zatvarao oči predratnim zločinimakoje su počinili američki saveznici zbog njegove podrške pragmatičnom pristupu politici zvanom Realpolitik.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]Za svoje akcije u pregovorima o prekidu vatre u Vijetnamu, Kissinger je 1973. dobioNobelovu nagradu za mirpod kontroverznim okolnostima.^[9]Nasuprot tome, Kissinger je izuzetno omiljena ličnost u Kini, a China News Service ga je u svojoj čitulji opisala kao nekoga "ko je imao oštru viziju i temeljno razumijevanje svjetskih poslova".^[10]^[11]

Umro je 29. novembra 2023. u 100. godini života.

Reference

^^a ^bIsaacson (1992),str. 20.
^"The Nobel Peace Prize 1973".NobelPrize.org.Arhiviranos originala, 26. 10. 2019.Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2019.
^Bass, Gary (21. 9. 2013)."Blood Meridian".The Economist.Arhiviranos originala, 19. 9. 2013.Pristupljeno 13. 2. 2016.
^"TRIP Snap Poll III: Seven Questions on Current Global Issues for International Relations Scholars"(PDF).str. 9.Arhivirano(PDF)s originala, 30. 11. 2023.Pristupljeno 30. 11. 2023.
^"Henry Kissinger: Realpolitik and Kurdish Genocide".The Kurdistan Tribune.24. 3. 2013.Arhiviranos originala, 18. 1. 2020.Pristupljeno 1. 3. 2019.
^Ackerman, Spencer (30. 11. 2023)."Henry Kissinger, War Criminal Beloved by America's Ruling Class, Finally Dies".Rolling Stone(jezik: engleski).Arhiviranos originala, 30. 11. 2023.Pristupljeno 30. 11. 2023.
^"Protesters Heckle Kissinger, Denounce Him for 'War Crimes'".The Times of Israel.30. 1. 2015.Arhiviranos originala, 22. 12. 2015.Pristupljeno 14. 12. 2015.
^Nevius, James (13. 2. 2016)."Does Hillary Clinton see that invoking Henry Kissinger harms her campaign?".The Guardian.Arhiviranos originala, 30. 1. 2020.Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2016.many consider Kissinger a war criminal, most famously Christopher Hitchens, who, in a lengthy two-part article for Harper's in 2001 (later expanded into the book and documentary, The Trial of Henry Kissinger), laid out his case that Kissinger should be brought up on charges 'for war crimes, for crimes against humanity, and for offenses against common or customary or international law, including conspiracy to commit murder, kidnap, and torture'.
^Feldman, Burton (2000).The Nobel Prize: A History Of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige.Arcade Publishing.str. 16.ISBN 978-1-55970-537-0.Two members publicly resigned when the peace prize was awarded to Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho in 1973 for a cease-fire in the Vietnam War.
^Chiang, Vic (30. 11. 2023)."China pays tribute to Kissinger, 'old friend of the Chinese people'".Washington Post(jezik: engleski).ISSN 0190-8286.Pristupljeno 30. 11. 2023.
^Bradsher, Keith; Zhao, Siyi; Chien, Amy Chang (30. 11. 2023)."To Many Chinese, Kissinger's Death Ends an Era in U.S.-China Relations".The New York Times(jezik: engleski).ISSN 0362-4331.Pristupljeno 30. 11. 2023.

Literatura

Holger Klitzing:The Nemesis of Stability. Henry A. Kissinger’s Ambivalent Relationship with Germany.WVT, Trier 2007,ISBN 978-3-88476-942-3.
Robert D. Schulzinger:Henry Kissinger. Doctor of diplomacy.Columbia Univ. Pr., New York 1989,ISBN 0-231-06952-9.
Isaacson, Walter(1992).Kissinger: A Biography.Simon & Schuster.ISBN 978-0-671-66323-0.

Biografije

Šablon:External media

1973. Graubard, Stephen Richards,Kissinger: Portrait of a Mind.ISBN 0-393-05481-0
1974. Kalb, Marvin L. and Kalb, Bernard,Kissinger,ISBN 0-316-48221-8
1974. Schlafly, Phyllis,Kissinger on the Couch.Arlington House Publishers.ISBN 0-87000-216-3
1983. Hersh, Seymour,The Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House,Summit Books.ISBN 0-671-50688-9.(Awards:National Book Critics Circle, General Non-Fiction Award. Best Book of the Year:New York Times Book Review;Newsweek;San Francisco Chronicle)
2004. Hanhimäki, Jussi.The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy.ISBN 0-19-517221-3
2009. Kurz, Evi.The Kissinger-Saga: Walter and Henry Kissinger, Two Brothers from Fuerth, Germany.London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.ISBN 978-0-297-85675-7.
2015.Ferguson, Niall (2015).Kissinger, 1923–1968: The Idealist.New York: Penguin Books.ISBN 978-1-59420-653-5.
2020.Runciman, David,"Don't be a Kerensky!" (review of Barry Gewen,The Inevitability of Tragedy: Henry Kissinger and His World,Norton, April 2020,ISBN 978 1 324 00405 9,452 pp.; and Thomas Schwartz,Henry Kissinger and American Power: A Political Biography,Hill and Wang, September 2020,ISBN 978 0 8090 9537 7,548 pp.),London Review of Books,vol. 42, no. 23 (December 3, 2020), pp. 13–16, 18. "[Kissinger] was... a political opportunist doing his best to keep one step ahead of the people determined to bring him down.... Unelected, unaccountable, never really representing anyone but himself, he rose so high and resided so long in America's political consciousness because his shapeshifting allowed people to find in him what they wanted to find." (p. 18.)

Ostalo

Šablon:External media

Arablouei, Ramtin; Rund Abdelfatah (6. 7. 2023)."The Legacy of Henry Kissinger".Throughline.NPR.
Avner, Yehuda,The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership,2010.ISBN 978-1-59264-278-6.
Bass, Gary.The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide,2013.ISBN 0-307-70020-8.
Benedetti, Amedeo.Lezioni di politica di Henry Kissinger: linguaggio, pensiero ed aforismi del più abile politico di fine Novecento,Genova: Erga, 2005(in Italian).ISBN 88-8163-391-4.
Berman, Larry,No peace, no honor: Nixon, Kissinger, and Betrayal in Vietnam,New York:Free Press,2001.ISBN 0-684-84968-2.
Dallek, Robert,Nixon and Kissinger: Partners in Power.HarperCollins, 2007.ISBN 0-06-072230-4.
Gaddis, John Lewis. "Rescuing Choice from Circumstance: The Statecraft of Henry Kissinger".The Diplomats, 1939–1979(Princeton UP, 1994) pp. 564–592doi:10.2307/j.ctv8pz9nc.25.
Graebner, Norman A."Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy: A Contemporary Appraisal".Conspectus of History1.2 (1975).
Grandin, Greg,"Kissinger Still at Large at 100",The Nation,vol. 316, no. 11 (May 29/June 5, 2023), pp. 16–19. "We now know much more about Kissinger's crimes, the immense suffering he caused during his years in public office." (p. 19.)
Grandin, Greg,Kissinger's Shadow: The Long Reach of America's Most Controversial Statesman.Metropolitan Books, 2015.ISBN 978-1-62779-449-7.
Groth, Alexander J,Henry Kissinger and the Limits of Realpolitik,Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs5#1 (2011)
Hanhimäki, Jussi M.Šablon: "'Dr. Kissinger' or 'Mr. Henry'? Kissingerology, Thirty Years and Counting ".Diplomatic History(November 2003), 27#5, pp. 637–676.JSTOR /24914443.Historiography.
Hanhimäki, Jussi.The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy(2004).
Hitchens, Christopher,The Trial of Henry Kissinger,2002.ISBN 1-85984-631-9.
Keys, Barbara, "Henry Kissinger: The Emotional Statesman",Diplomatic History,35#4, pp. 587–609,doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2011.00968.x.
Ki, Youn. "Tweaking or Breaking of the International Order: Kissinger, Shultz, and Transatlantic Relations, 1971–1973".The Korean Journal of International Studies19.1 (2021): 1–28.doi:10.14731/kjis.2021.04.19.1.1.
Klitzing, Holger,The Nemesis of Stability: Henry A. Kissinger's Ambivalent Relationship with Germany.Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier (WVT) 2007,ISBN 3-88476-942-1.
Larson, Deborah Welch. "Learning in US–Soviet Relations: The Nixon-Kissinger Structure of Peace". inLearning in US and Soviet Foreign Policy(Routledge, 2019) pp. 350–399.
Lord, Winston, and Henry Kissinger.Kissinger on Kissinger: Reflections on Diplomacy, Grand Strategy, and Leadership(All Points Books, 2019).
Mohan, Shannon E.Šablon: "'Memorandum for Mr. Bundy': Henry Kissinger as Consultant to the Kennedy National Security Council ",Historian,71.2 (Summer 2009), 234–257.JSTOR 24454497.
Morris, Roger,Uncertain Greatness: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy.Harper and Row,ISBN 0-06-013097-0.
Rabe, Stephen G.Kissinger and Latin America: Intervention, Human Rights, and Diplomacy(2020).
Qureshi, Lubna Z.Nixon, Kissinger, and Allende: U.S. Involvement in the 1973 Coup in Chile.Lexington Books,2009.ISBN 0-7391-2656-3.
Schulzinger, Robert D.Henry Kissinger: Doctor of Diplomacy.New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.ISBN 0-231-06952-9.
Shawcross, William,Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon, and the Destruction of Cambodia(Revised edition October 2002)ISBN 0-8154-1224-X.
Steinmeier, Frank-Walter (23. 6. 2023)."Rede: Feier zum 100. Geburtstag von Henry Kissinger".Der Bundespräsident(jezik: njemački i engleski).Pristupljeno 2. 7. 2023.English translation(PDF).
Suri, Jeremi,Henry Kissinger and the American Century(Harvard, Belknap Press, 2007),ISBN 978-0-674-02579-0.
Thornton, Richard C.The Nixon-Kissinger Years: Reshaping America's Foreign Policy(2001).

Vanjski linkovi

Henry Kissingerna Wikimedia Commonsu

Nedovršeni članakHenry Kissingerkoji govori opoliticitreba dopuniti.Dopunite gapremapravilimaWikipedije.

[FOOTNOTEIsaacson199220-1] Isaacson (1992),str. 20.

[2] "The Nobel Peace Prize 1973".NobelPrize.org.Arhiviranos originala, 26. 10. 2019.Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2019.

[3] Bass, Gary (21. 9. 2013)."Blood Meridian".The Economist.Arhiviranos originala, 19. 9. 2013.Pristupljeno 13. 2. 2016.

[trip3-4] "TRIP Snap Poll III: Seven Questions on Current Global Issues for International Relations Scholars"(PDF).str. 9.Arhivirano(PDF)s originala, 30. 11. 2023.Pristupljeno 30. 11. 2023.

[Realpolitik-5] "Henry Kissinger: Realpolitik and Kurdish Genocide".The Kurdistan Tribune.24. 3. 2013.Arhiviranos originala, 18. 1. 2020.Pristupljeno 1. 3. 2019.

[6] Ackerman, Spencer (30. 11. 2023)."Henry Kissinger, War Criminal Beloved by America's Ruling Class, Finally Dies".Rolling Stone(jezik: engleski).Arhiviranos originala, 30. 11. 2023.Pristupljeno 30. 11. 2023.

[Times_of_Israel-7] "Protesters Heckle Kissinger, Denounce Him for 'War Crimes'".The Times of Israel.30. 1. 2015.Arhiviranos originala, 22. 12. 2015.Pristupljeno 14. 12. 2015.

[8] Nevius, James (13. 2. 2016)."Does Hillary Clinton see that invoking Henry Kissinger harms her campaign?".The Guardian.Arhiviranos originala, 30. 1. 2020.Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2016.many consider Kissinger a war criminal, most famously Christopher Hitchens, who, in a lengthy two-part article for Harper's in 2001 (later expanded into the book and documentary, The Trial of Henry Kissinger), laid out his case that Kissinger should be brought up on charges 'for war crimes, for crimes against humanity, and for offenses against common or customary or international law, including conspiracy to commit murder, kidnap, and torture'.

[Feldman16-9] Feldman, Burton (2000).The Nobel Prize: A History Of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige.Arcade Publishing.str. 16.ISBN 978-1-55970-537-0.Two members publicly resigned when the peace prize was awarded to Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho in 1973 for a cease-fire in the Vietnam War.

[auto1-10] Chiang, Vic (30. 11. 2023)."China pays tribute to Kissinger, 'old friend of the Chinese people'".Washington Post(jezik: engleski).ISSN 0190-8286.Pristupljeno 30. 11. 2023.

[:4-11] Bradsher, Keith; Zhao, Siyi; Chien, Amy Chang (30. 11. 2023)."To Many Chinese, Kissinger's Death Ends an Era in U.S.-China Relations".The New York Times(jezik: engleski).ISSN 0362-4331.Pristupljeno 30. 11. 2023.

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p r u Državni sekretari Sjedinjenih Američkih Država
Sekretar za vanjske poslove (1781–1789)	R. Livingston Jay
Državni sekretar (1789–danas)	Jefferson Randolph Pickering J. Marshall Madison Smith Monroe Adams Clay Van Buren E. Livingston McLane Forsyth Webster Upshur Calhoun Buchanan Clayton Webster Everett Marcy Cass Black Seward Washburne Fish Evarts Blaine Frelinghuysen Bayard Blaine Foster Gresham Olney Sherman Day Hay Root Bacon Knox Bryan Lansing Colby Hughes Kellogg Stimson Hull Stettinius Byrnes G Marshall Acheson Dulles Herter Rusk Rogers Kissinger Vance Muskie Haig Shultz Baker Eagleburger Christopher Albright Powell Rice Clinton Kerry Tillerson Pompeo Blinken

p r u DobitniciNobelove nagrade za mir
1900-te	Henry Dunant/Frédéric Passy(1901) Élie Ducommun/Charles Albert Gobat(1902) William Randal Cremer(1903) Institut za međunarodno pravo(1904) Bertha von Suttner(1905) Theodore Roosevelt(1906) Ernesto Teodoro Moneta/Louis Renault(1907) Klas Pontus Arnoldson/Fredrik Bajer(1908) Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert/Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant(1909)
1910-e	Stalni međunarodni mirovni ured(1910) Tobias Michael Carel Asser/Alfred Hermann Fried(1911) Elihu Root(1912) Henri La Fontaine(1913) Crveni krst(1917) Woodrow Wilson(1919)
1920-e	Léon Bourgeois(1920) Hjalmar Branting/Christian Lous Lange(1921) Fridtjof Nansen(1922) Austen Chamberlain/Charles G. Dawes(1925) Aristide Briand/Gustav Stresemann(1926) Ferdinand Buisson/Ludwig Quidde(1927) Frank B. Kellogg(1929)
1930-e	Nathan Söderblom(1930) Jane Addams/Nicholas Murray Butler(1931) Norman Angell(1933) Arthur Henderson(1934) Carl von Ossietzky(1935) Carlos Saavedra Lamas(1936) Robert Cecil(1937) NIOR(1938)
1940-e	Crveni krst(1944) Cordell Hull(1945) Emily Greene Balch/John Mott(1946) Kvekeri/AFSC(1947) John Boyd Orr(1949)
1950-e	Ralph Bunche(1950) Léon Jouhaux(1951) Albert Schweitzer(1952) George Marshall(1953) UNHCR(1954) Lester B. Pearson(1957) Georges Pire(1958) Philip Noel-Baker(1959)
1960-e	Albert Lutuli(1960) Dag Hammarskjöld(1961) Linus Pauling(1962) Crveni krst(1963) Martin Luther King(1964) UNICEF(1965) René Cassin(1968) ILO(1969)
1970-e	Norman Borlaug(1970) Willy Brandt(1971) Henry Kissinger/Lê Đức Thọ(1973) Seán MacBride/Eisaku Sato(1974) Andrej Dmitrijevič Saharov(1975) Betty Williams/Mairead Corrigan(1976) Amnesty International(1977) Anwar el-Sadat/Menahem Begin(1978) Majka Tereza(1979)
1980-e	Adolfo Pérez Esquivel(1980) UNHCR(1981) Alva Myrdal/Alfonso García Robles(1982) Lech Wałęsa(1983) Desmond Tutu(1984) IPPNW(1985) Elie Wiesel(1986) Óscar Arias(1987) Mirovne snage UN-a(1988) Tenzin Gyatso (14. Dalaj Lama)(1989)
1990-e	Mihail Gorbačov(1990) Aung San Suu Kyi(1991) Rigoberta Menchú(1992) Nelson Mandela/Frederik Willem de Klerk(1993) Yasser Arafat/Shimon Peres/Yitzhak Rabin(1994) Udruga Pugwash/Joseph Rotblat(1995) Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo/José Ramos-Horta(1996) ICBL/Jody Williams(1997) John Hume/David Trimble(1998) Ljekari bez granica(1999)
2000-te	Kim Dae Jung(2000) UN/Kofi Annan(2001) Jimmy Carter(2002) Shirin Ebadi(2003) Wangari Maathai(2004) IAEA/Mohamed El-Baradei(2005) Muhammad Yunus/Grameen banka(2006) Al Gore/IPCC(2007) Martti Ahtisaari(2008) Barack Obama(2009)
2010-e	Liu Xiaobo(2010) Ellen Johnson Sirleaf/Leymah Gbowee/Tawakel Karman(2011) Evropska unija(2012) Organizacija za zabranu hemijskog oružja(2013) Kailash Satyarthi/Malala Yousafzai(2014) Tuniski nacionalni kvartet(2015) Juan Manuel Santos(2016) Međunarodna kampanja za zabranu nuklearnog oružja(2017) Denis Mukwege/Nadia Murad(2018) Abiy Ahmed(2019)
2020-e	Svjetski program za hranu(2020) Maria Ressa/Dmitrij Muratov(2021) Ales Bjaljacki/Memorijal/Centar za građanske slobode(2022) Narges Mohammadi(2023)

p r u DobitniciKarlove nagrade
1950–1975.	1950:Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi 1951:Hendrik Brugmans 1952:Alcide De Gasperi 1953:Jean Monnet 1954:Konrad Adenauer 1955: 1956:Winston Churchill 1957:Paul-Henri Spaak 1958:Robert Schuman 1959:George Marshall 1960:Joseph Bech 1961:Walter Hallstein 1962: 1963:Edward Heath 1964:Antonio Segni 1965: 1966:Jens Otto Krag 1967:Joseph Luns 1968: 1969:Evropska komisija 1970:François Seydoux de Clausonne 1971: 1972:Roy Jenkins 1973:Salvador de Madariaga 1974: 1975:
1976–2000.	1976:Leo Tindemans 1977:Walter Scheel 1978:Konstantinos Karamanlis 1979:Emilio Colombo 1980: 1981:Simone Veil 1982:Juan Carlos I 1983: 1984: 1985: 1986:Narod Luksemburga 1987:Henry Kissinger 1988:François Mitterrand/Helmut Kohl 1989:Brat Roger 1990:Gyula Horn 1991:Václav Havel 1992:Jacques Delors 1993:Felipe González 1994:Gro Harlem Brundtland 1995:Franz Vranitzky 1996:Kraljica Beatrix 1997:Roman Herzog 1998:Bronisław Geremek 1999:Tony Blair 2000:Bill Clinton
2001–trenutno	2001:György Konrád 2002:Euro 2003:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing 2004:Pat Cox/Ivan Pavao II^1: 2005:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 2006:Jean-Claude Juncker 2007:Javier Solana 2008:Angela Merkel 2009:Andrea Riccardi 2010:Donald Tusk 2011:Jean-Claude Trichet 2012:Wolfgang Schäuble 2013:Dalia Grybauskaitė 2014:Herman Van Rompuy 2015:Martin Schulz 2016:Papa Franjo 2017:Timothy Garton Ash 2018:Emmanuel Macron 2019:António Guterres 2020:Klaus Iohannis 2022:Svjetlana Tihanovska/Marija Kaljesnjikova/Veronika Cepkalo 2023:Volodimir Zelenski/Ukrajinski narod 2024:Pinchas Goldschmidti jevrejske zajednice u Evropi
¹– dobio izvanrednu nagradu

p r u Timeovaosoba godine
1927–1950.	Charles Lindbergh(1927) Walter Chrysler(1928) Owen D. Young(1929) Mohandas Gandhi(1930) Pierre Laval(1931) Franklin D. Roosevelt(1932) Hugh S. Johnson(1933) Franklin D. Roosevelt(1934) Haile Selassie(1935) Wallis Simpson(1936) Chiang Kai-shek/Soong Mei-ling(1937) Adolf Hitler(1938) Josif Staljin(1939) Winston Churchill(1940) Franklin D. Roosevelt(1941) Josif Staljin(1942) George Marshall(1943) Dwight D. Eisenhower(1944) Harry S. Truman(1945) James F. Byrnes(1946) George Marshall(1947) Harry S. Truman(1948) Winston Churchill(1949) Američki borac(1950)
1951–1975.	Mohammed Mosaddeq(1951) Elizabeta II(1952) Konrad Adenauer(1953) John Foster Dulles(1954) Harlow Curtice(1955) Mađarski borci za slobodu(1956) Nikita Hruščov(1957) Charles de Gaulle(1958) Dwight D. Eisenhower(1959) Američki naučnici:George Beadle/Charles Draper/John Enders/Donald A. Glaser/Joshua Lederberg/Willard Libby/Linus Pauling/Edward Purcell/Isidor Rabi/Emilio Segrè/William Shockley/Edward Teller/Charles Townes/James Van Allen/Robert Woodward(1960) John F. Kennedy(1961) Papa Ivan XXIII(1962) Martin Luther King Jr.(1963) Lyndon B. Johnson(1964) William Westmoreland(1965) Generacija 25 i mlađi(1966) Lyndon B. Johnson(1967) Posada "Apolla 8":William Anders/Frank Borman/Jim Lovell(1968) Srednjoamerikanci(1969) Willy Brandt(1970) Richard Nixon(1971) Henry Kissinger/Richard Nixon(1972) John Sirica(1973) Kralj Fejsal(1974) Američke žene:Susan Brownmiller/Kathleen Byerly/Alison Cheek/Jill Conway/Betty Ford/Ella Grasso/Carla Hills/Barbara Jordan/Billie Jean King/Susie Sharp/Carol Sutton/Addie Wyatt(1975)
1976–2000.	Jimmy Carter(1976) Anwar el-Sadat(1977) Deng Xiaoping(1978) Ajatolah Homeini(1979) Ronald Reagan(1980) Lech Wałęsa(1981) Računar(1982) Ronald Reagan/Jurij Andropov(1983) Peter Ueberroth(1984) Deng Xiaoping(1985) Corazon Aquino(1986) Mihail Gorbačov(1987) Ugrožena Zemlja(1988) Mihail Gorbačov(1989) George H. W. Bush(1990) Ted Turner(1991) Bill Clinton(1992) Mirotvorci:Yasser Arafat/Frederik Willem de Klerk/Nelson Mandela/Yitzhak Rabin(1993) Ivan Pavao II(1994) Newt Gingrich(1995) David Ho(1996) Andrew Grove(1997) Bill Clinton/Ken Starr(1998) Jeff Bezos(1999) George W. Bush(2000)
2001–	Rudy Giuliani(2001) Zviždačice:Cynthia Cooper/Coleen Rowley/Sherron Watkins(2002) Američki vojnik(2003) George W. Bush(2004) Dobri Samaritanci:Bono/Bill Gates/Melinda Gates(2005) Ti(2006) Vladimir Putin(2007) Barack Obama(2008) Ben Bernanke(2009) Mark Zuckerberg(2010) Demonstrant(2011) Barack Obama(2012) Papa Franjo(2013) Borci protiv ebole:dr. Jerry Brown / dr.Kent Brantly/ Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah /Salome Karwah(2014) Angela Merkel(2015) Donald Trump(2016) Razbijači šutnje(2017) Čuvari:Jamal Khashoggi/Maria Ressa/Wa Lone/Kyaw Soe Oo/ OsobljeThe Capitala(2018) Greta Thunberg(2019) Joe Biden/Kamala Harris(2020) Elon Musk(2021) Volodimir Zelenski/Duh Ukrajine(2022) Taylor Swift(2023)