Paleobotanika

Fosilni list bukveFagus sylvaticaizkasnog pliocenaFrancuske, prije oko milion godina

Paleobotanikaje granabotanikekoja se bavi otkrivanjem i identifikacijom ostatakabiljakaiz minulihgeološkihepoha i njihovom upotrebom za biološku rekonstrukcijuprošlih okruženja (paleogeografija)ievolucijske historije biljaka,sa uticajem na evolucijuživotauopće. Sinonim joj jepaleofitologija.To je komponentapaleontologijeipaleobiologije.Prefikspalaeo– znači „prastari, stari “,ai izveden je iz pridjevagrč.παλαιός –palaios= prastari.

Paleobotanika uključuje proučavanjeEmbryophyta(fosile,kopnenih biljakakao i istraživanjeprahistorijskihmorskih fotoautotrofa, kao što sufotosintetskealge,morske algeili slatkovodnealge.Usko srodno polje jepalinologija,koja uključuje istraživanjefosiliziranihsporaipolena.

Primjeri prahistorijskih biljaka su:

• Araucaria mirabilis
• Archaeopteris
• Calamites
• Dillhoffia
• Glossopteris
• Hymenaea protera
• Nelumbo aureavallis
• Pachypteris
• Palaeoraphe
• Peltandra primaeva
• Protosalvinia
• Trochodendron nastae

Najpoznatiji paleobotaničari

• Edward W. Berry(1875–1945), paleoekologija i fitogeografija
• William Gilbert Chaloner(1928–2016)
• Isabel Cookson(1893–1973), ranevaskularne biljkei p*Dianne Edwards(1942–), kolonizacija zemljišta ranim zemaljskim florama
• Thomas Maxwell Harris(1903–1983), mezozojske biljke Jameson Landa (Grenland) i Jorkšir.
• Robert Kidston(1852–1924), ranonikle biljke, dеvоnska i karboniferna flora i njihova upotreba u stratigrafiji
• Ethel Ida Sanborn(1883–1952), izumrla flora Oregona i zapadnih Sjedinjenih Država
• Birbal Sahni(1891–1949), revizija biljaka indijske Gondvane
• Dunkinfield Henry Scott(1854–1934), analiza struktura fosilnih biljaka
• Constantin von Ettingshausen(1826–1897), tercijarna flora
• Kaspar Maria von Sternberg(1761–1838), „otac paleobotanike “
• Franz Unger(1800–1870), pionir u fiziologiji bilja i nauci o zemljištu
• Jack A. Wolfe(1936–2005), tercijarna paleoklima zapadne Severne Amerikej
• Gilbert Arthur Leisman (1924–1996), poznat po radu na karbonifernim likofitima centralne Severne Amerike.

Također pogledajte

• Fosil
• Paleontologija
• Evolucija
• Paleofikologija
• Palinologija

Reference

Preporučena bibliografija

• Brongniart, A. (1822), "Sur la classification et la distribution des végétaux fossiles en général, et sur ceux des terrains de sediment supérieur en particulier",Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.,8:203–240, 297–348
• Cleal, C.J.; Thomas, B.A. (2010), "Botanical nomenclature and plant fossils",Taxon,59:261–268
• Greuter, W.; McNeill, J.; Barrie, F R.; Burdet, H.M.; Demoulin, V.; Filgueiras, T.S.; Nicolson, D.H.; Silva, P.C.; Skog, J.E.; Turland, N.J.; Hawksworth, D.L. (2000),International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code),Königstein.: Koeltz Scientific Books,ISBN978-3-904144-22-3
• Jongmans, W.J.; Halle, T.G.; Gothan, W. (1935),Proposed additions to the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature adopted by the fifth International Botanical Congress Cambridge1930,Heerlen,OCLC700752855
• Lanjouw, J.; Baehni, C.; Merrill, E.D.; Rickett, H.W.; Robyns, W.; Sprague, T.A.; Stafleu, F.A. (1952),International Code of Botanical Nomenclature: Adopted by the Seventh International Botanical Congress; Stockholm, July 1950,Regnum Vegetabile 3, Utrecht: International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy,OCLC220069027
• McNeill, J., ured. (2006),International code of botanical nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005(electronic izd.), Vienna: International Association for Plant Taxonomy, arhivirano soriginala,6. 10. 2012,pristupljeno 20. 2. 2011
• Meyer-Berthaud, Brigitte; Scheckler, S.E.; Wendt, J. (1999), "Archaeopterisis the Earliest Modern Tree ",Nature,398(6729): 700–701,Bibcode:1999Natur.398..700M,doi:10.1038/19516
• Thomas, H.H. (1935),"Proposed additions to the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature suggested by British palæobotanists"(PDF),Journal of Botany,73:111
• Wellman, Charles H.; Osterloff, Peter L.; Mohiuddin, Uzma (2003),"Fragments of the Earliest Land Plants"(PDF),Nature,425(6955): 282–285,Bibcode:2003Natur.425..282W,doi:10.1038/nature01884,PMID13679913
• Wilson N. Stewart and Gar W. Rothwell. 2010.Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants,Second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.ISBN978-0-521-38294-6.
• Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, and Michael Krings. 2008.Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants,2nd edition. Academic Press (an imprint of Elsevier): Burlington, MA; New York, NY; San Diego, CA, USA, London, UK. 1252 pages.ISBN978-0-12-373972-8.

Vanjski linkovi

• International Organisation of Paleobotany
• Botanical Society of America – Paleobotanical SectionArhivirano21. 10. 2019. naWayback Machine
• Paleobotany Research Group, University Münster, Germany
• Fossil Plants At The Chalk Bluff Hydraulic Gold Mine, California
• High Sierra Nevada Fossil Plants, Alpine County, California
• Paleobotanical Field Trip To The Sailor Flat Hydraulic Gold Mine, California
• Fossil Plants Of The Ione Basin, California
• Dinosaur-Age Fossil Leaves At Del Puerto Creek, California
• Fossil Plants At Aldrich Hill, Nevada
• Fossil Leaves And Seeds In West-Central Nevada
• Field Trip To The Copper Basin Flora, Nevada
• Fossil Plants And Insects At Bull Run, Nevada
• Fossil Plants At Buffalo Canyon, Nevada
• Plant Fossils In The Dead Camel Range, Nevada
• The Biota of Early Terrestrial Ecosystems: The Rhynie Chert, University of Aberdeen, UK
• Bibliography of Paleobotany
• The Sternberg ProjectArhivirano10. 10. 2004. naWayback Machine
• PaleoNet – listservs and links related to paleontology
• Jurassic Park plantsArhivirano21. 10. 2007. naWayback MachinePlants that lived when dinosaurs roamed the earth
• Global registry of scientific names of fossil organismsArhivirano14. 8. 2020. naWayback Machine
• Links for Palaeobotanists