Izvorni kôd stranice Kvadratni kilometar

'''Kvadratni [[kilometar]]''' (naziv koji koristi [[Međunarodni biro za tegove i mjere]]), simbol '''km<sup>2</sup>''', decimalni je proizvod [[SI sistem|SI]] [[Mjerna jedinica|mjerne jedinice]] za [[Površina|površinu]], [[Kvadratni metar|kvadratnog metra]], i jedna je od [[SI izvedene jedinice|SI izvedenih jedinica]].

Jedan kvadratni kilometar jednak je:
* 1.000.000 [[Kvadratni metar|m<sup>2</sup>]]
* 100 ha ([[hektar]])
Također je približno jednak:
* 0,3861 [[Kvadratna milja|kvadratnih milja]]<ref>There are 0.386102159 international square miles in a square kilometre while there are 0.386100614 US Survey square miles in the same measure. This is because the US Survey measures are very slightly larger than the international measures. {{cite web |url=http:// unitconversion.org/unit_converter/area-s.html |title=UnitConversion.org Area Converter|year=2009 |work=web page |publisher=UnitConversion.org |access-date=7. 5. 2014}}</ref>

Obratno:
* 1 m<sup>2</sup> = 0,000001 (10<sup>−6</sup>) km<sup>2</sup>
* 1 hektar = 0,01 (10<sup>−2</sup>) km<sup>2</sup>
* 1 kvadratna milja = {{gaps|2.5899|km<sup>2</sup>}}<ref>An International square mile equals 2.58998811|km<sup>2</sup> while the slightly larger US Survey square mile equals 2.58999847|km<sup>2</sup>. {{cite web |url=http:// unitconversion.org/unit_converter/area-s.html |title=UnitConversion.org Area Converter|year=2009 |work= web page |publisher=UnitConversion.org |access-date=7. 5. 2014}}</ref>

Bilješka: "km<sup>2</sup>" znači (km)<sup>2</sup>, kvadratni kilometar ili kilometar kvadratni. Na primjer, 3 km<sup>2</sup> je jednako {{gaps|3|×|(1,000|m)<sup>2</sup>}} = 3,000,000 m<sup>2</sup>.

Ako je jedan komad zemlje širok pet kilometara, a ima oblik kvadrata i strana kvadrata duga je pet kilometara, to znači da mu je površina 25 km<sup>2</sup>.

== Primjeri površine od jednog kvadratnog kilometra ==
=== Mreža topografske karte ===
[[Datoteka:Caldey Island map 1952.jpg|thumb|300px|Dio Ordnance Survey karte, izdatum 1952. Mreža linija je na intervalu od kilometra što daje svakom kvadratu površinu od kvadratnog kilometra. Karta pokazuje da je površina otoka oko dva kvadratna kilometra.]]Mreže topografskih karti rade u metrima, sa mrežom linija po 1,000 metara.
* 1:100.000 karte su podijeljene na kvadrate koji predstavljaju 1 km<sup>2</sup>, svaki kvadrat na karti je jednak jednom kvadratnom centimetru površine što predstavlja 1 km<sup>2</sup> na površini Zemlje.
* Za 1:50.000 karte, mrežne linije su razmaknute po 2 cm. Svaki kvadrat na karti ima dimenzije 2 cm sa 2 cm (4 cm<sup>2</sup>) i predstavlja 1 km<sup>2</sup> na površini Zemlje.
* Za 1:25.000 karte, mrežne linije su razmaknute po 4 cm. Svaki kvadrat na karti ima dimenzije 4 cm sa 4 cm (16 cm<sup>2</sup>) i predstavlja 1 km<sup>2</sup> na površini Zemlje.
U svakom slučaju, mrežne linije predstavljaju jedan kvadratni kilometar.

=== Srednjovjekovni gradski centri ===

[[Datoteka:Dimensions of the old city of Delft.svg|260px|right|thumb|Karta [[Delft]]a, Holandija godine 1659. Zidovi su zatvarali površinu od otprilike 1 kvadratni kilometar]]
Područja okružena zidovima mnogih evropskih srednjovjekovnih gradova su bila oko jedan kvadratni kilometar. Ovi zidovi često još uvijek stoje ili put koji su slijedili je i dalje jasno vidljiv kao u [[Regija glavnog grada Bruxellesa|Brusselu]], gdje je zid zamijenjen obilaznicom ili u [[Frankfurt na Majni|Frankfurtu]] gdje je zid je zamijenjen vrtovima. Približna površina starih zidova gradova mogu biti izračunate postavljanjem pravaca zida u [[pravougaonik]] ili [[elipsa|elipsu]]. Primjeri uključuju
* [[Delft]], Holandija ({{coord|52|0|54|N|4|21|34|E}})
:Utvrđeni grad Delft je približno pravougaon.
::Približna dužina pravougaonika je oko 1,30 km.<ref name=GE>Mjerenja uzeta sa [[Google Earth]]a</ref>
::Približna širina pravougaonika je oko 0,75 km.<ref name=GE/>
::Savršeni pravougaonik sa tim mjerama ima površinu od 1.30×0.75 = 0.9 km<sup>2</sup>

* [[Lucca]], Italija ({{coord|43|50|38|N|10|30|2|E}})
:Srednjovjekovni grad je otprilike pravugaonog oblika sa zaobljenim uglovima na sjeveroistoku i sjeverozapadu.
::Maksimalna udaljenost od istoka do zapada je 1,36 km.<ref name=GE/>
::Maksimalna udaljenost od sjevera do juga je 0,80 km.<ref name=GE/>
::Savršeni pravougaonik tih dimenzija bi bio 1.36×0.80 = 1.088 km<sup>2</sup>.

* [[Brugge]], Belgija {{coord|51|12|39|N|3|13|28|E}}
:Srednjovjekovni grad Brugge, glavni centar [[Flandrija|Flandrije]], je približno ovalnog ili [[Elipsa|eliptičnog]] oblika sa dužom ili [[Velika poluosa|velikom]] poluosom koja je u smjeru sjever-jug.
::Maksimalna udaljenost od sjevera do juga (velika poluosa) je 2,53 km.<ref name=GE/>
::Maksimalna udaljenost od istoka do zapada (mala polosa) je 1,81 km.<ref name=GE/>
::Savršena elipsa ovih dimenzija bi bila povšrine 2.53 × 1.81 × (π/4) = 3.597 km<sup>2</sup>.

* [[Chester]], Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo ({{coord|53|12|1|N|2|52|45|W}})
:Chester je jedan od manjih engleskih gradova koji ima skoro netaknute gradske zidine.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http:// chesterwalls.info/chestermap.html
|title = Chester: A Virtual Stroll around the Walls
|first = Steve
|last = Howe
|access-date =7. 5. 2014}}</ref>
::Udaljenost od [[Northgate (Chester)|Northgatea]] do [[Watergate (Chester)|Watergatea]] je oko 855 metara.<ref name=GE/>
::Udaljenost od [[Eastgate i Eastgate Clock|Eastgatea]] do Westgatea je oko 589 metara.<ref name=GE/>
::Savršeni pravougaonik ovih dimenzija bi bio (855/1000) × (589/1000) = 0.504 km<sup>2</sup>.

=== Parkovi ===
Parkovi su različitih veličina; neki zauzimaju područje od tačno jednog kvadratnog kilometra. Ovo su neki primjeri:
* [[Riverside Country Park]], UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// medway.gov.uk/environmentandplanning/countrysidesites/riversidecountrypark.aspx |title=Medway Council Riverside Country Park |year=2012 |work=web page |publisher=Medway Council |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419013431/http:// medway.gov.uk/environmentandplanning/countrysidesites/riversidecountrypark.aspx |archive-date=19. 4. 2012 }}</ref>
* Brierley Forest Park, UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// ashfield-dc.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/leisure-and-culture/tourism-and-heritage/country-parks-and-trails/brierley-forest-park-visitor-centre-/;jsessionid=F08C5878102681F9392CAAFF7EAB8DF7 |title=Ashfield Brierley Forest Park |year=2012 |work=web page |publisher=Ashfield District Council |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108034331/http:// ashfield-dc.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/leisure-and-culture/tourism-and-heritage/country-parks-and-trails/brierley-forest-park-visitor-centre-/;jsessionid=F08C5878102681F9392CAAFF7EAB8DF7 |archive-date=8. 11. 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Rio de Los Angeles State Park]], Kalifornija, SAD.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// parks.ca.gov/?page_id=22277 |title=California Department of Parks and Recreation Rio de Los Angeles State Park |year=2012 |work=web page |publisher=State of California|access-date=7. 5. 2014}}</ref>
* Jones County Central Park, Ajova, SAD.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// jonescountytourism /parks/centralpark.html |title=Parks & Recreation Central Park, Center Junction, Iowa |work=web page |publisher=Jones County Tourism Association |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030055145/http:// jonescountytourism /parks/centralpark.html |archive-date=30. 10. 2012 }}</ref>
* Kiest Park, Dalas, Teksas, SAD.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://friendsofoakcliffparks.org/kiesthistory.htm |title=A History of Kiest Park |year=2010 |work=web page |publisher=Friends of Oak Cliff Parks |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605053208/http://friendsofoakcliffparks.org/kiesthistory.htm |archive-date=5. 6. 2012 }}</ref>
* Hole-in-the-Wall Park & Campground, Grand Manan Island, Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Kanada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// grandmanancamping /maps.php |title=Hole-in-the-Wall Park & Campground |year=2012 |work=web page |publisher=Hole-in-the-Wall Park & Campground |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-date=22. 11. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141122113508/http://grandmanancamping /maps.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Downing Provincial Park, Britanska Kolumbija, Kanada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/explore/parkpgs/downing/ |title=BC Parks Downing Provincial Park |work=web page |publisher=British Columbia Ministry of Environment |access-date=7. 5. 2014}}</ref>
* Citadel Park, Poznan, Poljska.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://culture.poland.travel/poznan/citadel-park |title=Citadel Park |work=web page |publisher=Poland Travel |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024072044/http://culture.poland.travel/poznan/citadel-park |archive-date=24. 10. 2012 }}</ref>
* Sydney Olympic Park, Sydney, Australija, sadrži 1 kvadratni kilometar močvare i vodenih puteva.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// sopa.nsw.gov.au/media/pdfs/publications/fact_sheets/parklands_fact_sheet |title=Sydney Olympic Park Parklands Fact Sheet |work=web page |publisher=Sydney Olympic Park Authority |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-date=21. 6. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621074725/http:// sopa.nsw.gov.au/media/pdfs/publications/fact_sheets/parklands_fact_sheet |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Golf tereni ===
Koristeći podatke koje su objavili Crafter i Mogford, arhitekte golf terena, teren treba imati pirinu od 120 metara i 40 metara čistine oko rupe. Pod pretpostavkom da je 6000 m 18-rupa terena, sama površina terena treba da iznosi 80 hektara (0.8 kvadratnih kilometara).<ref>{{cite web
|url = http:// golfstrategies.au/graphics/articles/FS.6.Safety.pdf
|title = Golf Course Safety
|publisher = Crafter + Mogford, golf course architects
|access-date = 7. 5. 2014
|access-date=7. 5. 2014
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140303045307/http:// golfstrategies.au/graphics/articles/FS.6.Safety.pdf
|archive-date=3. 3. 2014
}}</ref>{{napomena|Pretpostavimo da svaka rupa zahtijeva 373 metara dužine (6000 ÷ 18 + 40). Površina koja je potrebna je 80,64 ha (18 × 373 × 120 ÷ 10.000; 1 hektar {{=}} 10.000 kvadratnih metara).}} Primjeri terena koji uključuju površinu oko jednog kvadratnog kilometra:
* Manchester Golf Club, UK.<ref name= "Manchester Golf Club Ltd" >{{cite web |url=http:// mangc.co.uk/visitors.htm |title=Visitor Information [Manchester Golf Club] |work=web page |publisher=Manchester Golf Club Ltd |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525133739/http:// mangc.co.uk/visitors.htm |archive-date=25. 5. 2012 }}</ref>
* Northop Country Park, Vels, UK.<ref name= "Manchester Golf Club Ltd" />
* The Trophy Club, Lebanon, Indiana, SAD.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thetrophyclubgolf / |title=Welcome to the Trophy Club |work=web page |publisher=The Trophy Club |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-date=16. 6. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616151757/http:// thetrophyclubgolf / |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Qingdao International Country Golf Course, Qingdao, Shandong, Kina.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// travelchinaguide /tour/golf/qingdao/ |title=travelchinaguide Related golf club information |work=web page |publisher=TravelChinaGuide |access-date=7. 5. 2014}}</ref>
* Arabian Ranches Golf Club, Dubai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http:// 7daysindubai /sport-and-leisure/golf-courses/arabian-ranches-golf-club/business-15488895-detail/business.html|title=7 Days in Dubai Arabian Ranches Golf Club|work=web page|publisher=Catchpole Communications FZ-LLC, Al Sidra Media LLC.|access-date=7. 5. 2014|access-date=7. 5. 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908003417/http:// 7daysindubai /sport-and-leisure/golf-courses/arabian-ranches-golf-club/business-15488895-detail/business.html|archive-date=8. 9. 2012}}</ref>
* Sharm el Sheikh Golf Courses: Sharm el Sheikh, Južni Sinaj, Egipat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// sharm-el-sheikh.world-guides /sharm_el_sheikh_golf.html |title=Sharm el Sheikh Golf Courses: Sharm el Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt |work=web page |publisher=TravelSmart Ltd: World Guides |access-date=7. 5. 2014 }}{{Mrtav link}}</ref>
* Belmont Golf Club, Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australija.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// belmontgolf.au/layouts/mp_standard/Template.aspx?page=History |title=Belmont Golf Club, Lake Macquarie, History |work=web page |publisher=Belmont Golf Club |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-date=2. 5. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502133014/http:// belmontgolf.au/layouts/mp_standard/Template.aspx?page=History |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Ostala područja površine jednog kvadratnog kilometra ili približno ===
* [[Stari grad Jerusalem]] ima površinu skoro 1 kvadratni kilometar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Jerusalem2.html |title=Jerusalem - The Old City |year=2012 |work=web page |publisher=The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise |access-date=7. 5. 2014}} Actually, about 89 hectares.</ref>
* Milton Science Park, Oxfordshire, UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// sciencevale /milton/ |title=Science Vale UK |work=web page |publisher= Abbey House|access-date=7. 5. 2014}}
</ref>
* Mielec Industrial Park, Mielec, Poljska.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// paiz.gov.pl/investment_support/industrial_and_technology_parks/mielec |title=Invest in Poland |date= |work=web page |publisher=Polish information and foreign investment agency |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-date=6. 11. 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106163501/http:// paiz.gov.pl/investment_support/industrial_and_technology_parks/mielec |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The Guildford Campus of Guildford Grammar School, South Guildford, Zapadna Australija.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// waterhall.au/lifestyle/history/guildford |title=Guildford Grammar |work=web page |publisher=Waterhall Private Estate |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410123141/http:// waterhall.au/lifestyle/history/guildford |archive-date=10. 4. 2013 }}</ref>
* Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, Indija.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// svnit.ac.in/conferences/fmfp2012/about%20us.html |title=39th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power |work=web page |publisher=Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719081320/http://svnit.ac.in/conferences/fmfp2012/about%20us.html |archive-date=19. 7. 2012 }}</ref>
* Île aux Cerfs Island, blizu istočne obale Mauricijusa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http:// amity.edu/mauritius/MauritiusAttraction.asp |title=MauritiusAttraction |date=2011 |website=Amity Institute of Higher Education, Mauritius |publisher=Amity Institute of Higher Education |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |title=Arhivirana kopija |access-date=7. 5. 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012085638/http:// amity.edu/Mauritius/MauritiusAttraction.asp |archive-date=12. 10. 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Također pogledajte ==
* [[Pretvaranje mjernih jedinica]]
* [[Prefiksi mjernih jedinica]] za precizno značenje prefiksa "k"

== Napomene ==
{{napomene}}

== Reference ==
{{refspisak}}

== Vanjski linkovi ==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Units of area}}

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