Commons:Địa lý mã hóa công trình

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Ở duy cơ cùng chung trung,Địa lý nhãnLà cho văn kiện tăng thêm địa lý tin tức hoạt động. Khi chúng ta cấp một văn kiện tăng thêm địa lý nhãn chúng ta là có thể biết cái này tác phẩmTừ nơi nào quay chụp,Cũng thỉnh đem mẫu{{Location}}Cùng{{Location dec}}Đặt ở có địa lý nhãn văn kiện giao diện. jpeg cách thức hình ảnh địa lý tin tức có thể chứa đựng ở văn kiệnexif tin tứcTrung.

Đã có địa lý nhãn văn kiện ởNơi này.

Ngươi có thể cấpKhông có địa lý nhãn hình ảnhTăng thêm địa lý nhãn. Nếu ngươi cảm thấy một văn kiện yêu cầu địa lý nhãn, thỉnh ở văn kiện này giao diện gia nhập{{Location possible}}Mẫu.

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On Commons we recordthe location of the cameraas accurately as we can. The locations of subjects should be geocoded on their Wikipedia articles, and the Commons description should link to those Wikipedia articles.

Automatic procedures

GPS or other automated methods can be especially useful in rural locations without landmarks which can be easily recognized in the aerial images. If your camera has a built-inGPS receiver(as most smartphone camera phones do) then your work is already done. Since November 2011, the Upload Wizard adds the proper Geocoding Templates from the GPS data stored in your images. For pictures not uploaded through the Wizard,{{GPS EXIF}}can be added to summon a bot to code them.

You can also use a separate GPS receiver to record the location while you are recording the media, and use computer software to merge the locations into the image files. Such software uses the camera time tag in the image file to look up the coordinates from the GPS. For accurate results, the camera time must be correct or the time error entered manually. The time error can be monitored by photographing the time displayed by the GPS. Errors caused by spotty GPS coverage can be adjusted by the same tools that are used for manual geocoding, though more easily since you already have an approximate position.

Adding Geotags before uploading

Some software, such asMicrosoft Pro Photo ToolsorPicasa*, allow you to add geographical information to images from a map. The upload wizard will also recognize these tags. You cannot add camera directions by this procedure, but programs such asGeosettercan insert metadata including: geographic coordinates of the location shooting, camera direction, and the name of the exact location.

If your camera has accidentally tagged your images with completely wrong geodata, you can remove them on a batch of pictures by usingExifToolGUI.It uses ExifTool that is also installed by Geosetter mentioned above.

*Picasa web albumsalso allow addition of geographical information from a map. But this information does not appear to be embeded in the image files and cannot be pulled back to ones own computer.

Fully manual procedure

The easiest way to identify the location in urban areas is to use an online mapping site with aerial imaging such as:

GeoLocator tool

http://tools.freeside.sk/geolocator/geolocator.html(project page)

Steps to obtain coordinates and build appropriate location tag:

find your location on embedded map (move/zoom/search it as needed)
place location marker on most exact location ([Alt+click] over your location, or by dragging a marker)
defineheading(camera view direction) from that location ([Shift+mouse move]/[Shift+click])
copy resulting{{location}}or{{location dec}}markup

Steps to update an existing location tag (to improve location or to add heading):

paste existing location tag into query box and press Apply. Tag gets parsed and location will appear on a map.
update location marker to more exact location (by dragging it or by [Alt+click] over new location)
defineheading(camera view direction) from that location ([Shift+mouse move]/[Shift+click])
copy resulting{{location}}or{{location dec}}markup back

hjl_geocoding tool

http:// giswiki.org/hjl_geocoding.htm

Three steps to get coordinates:

search your location within the map
click onlocation dorlocation dmsbutton
copy text
replacelocation dwithlocation decandlocation dmswithlocation

Notes

Does not work well with Opera, after pressing the Button switch to User Mode to view and copy the coordinates. (Seems to work all right with the new Opera 9.5/Linux.)
Site does not work well with Firefox/Mac.
The JavaScript in your browser must be enabled.

WikiMapia

Manual method

Go toWikiMapia.org
(Optional) Set View->Hybrid in the menu, so you can see the roads.
Place the crosshair over the desired location.
Locate the coordinates within the URL, e.g.:http:// wikimapia.org/#lat=36.0368324&lon=-78.9001286&z=18&l=0&m=h&v=2
Copy-paste the coordinates into the appropriate template, e.g.:{{location dec|36.0368324|-78.9001286}}

Google Maps

Method 1

Go toGoogle Maps with crosshair
Zoom-in to the lowest resolution over the place you want to geotag by double-clicking on the map
Place the cross hair exactly over the place and click on it.
Two templates will be shown one in{{Coor dms}}and one in{{Location}}format.
Copy{{Location}}template and paste it below{{Information}}template of your file.
In case you are geo tagging categories or galleries,{{Coor dms}}might be more suitable.

Method 2

Setup (Do only once).

Create a newbookmarkof any page and give it name likeGeocoding.
Find the bookmark in your bookmark list and access its properties ( on PC inFirefoxorInternet Explorerthis is done by right-clicking on the bookmark and choosingProperties).
Modify thelocationorURLfield by entering:

javascript:void(prompt('', "{{location dec|" + gApplication.getMap().getCenter().lat() + "|" + gApplication.getMap().getCenter().lng() + "}}" ));

If your browser (likeFirefox) supportsbookmarklets,it may be helpful to save this bookmark in the toolbar, for easy one-click access.

For each new location:

Open a new browser tab/window and loadhttps://maps.google /.
Search for the correct location.
Click on "Satellite" if it helps to find the location more easily, and zoom in.
Click on the exact location the media was recorded to center the map.
Click on your bookmark and you'll get a prompt with the geocode tag to add to the image.

Method 3

Open a new browser tab/window and loadhttps://maps.google /.
Search for the correct location.
Click "Satellite" and zoom it.
Click on the exact location the media was recorded to center the map.
Click "Link to this page"
Now, either:

Look in the url for a string like ll=37.51136,-77.602615. The numbers are latitude, longitude; you have identified the location.
Or, use theCoordinate conversion helperwhich assists you with the geocoding process. Check the page for instructions on installing and using it.

Google Earth

If you haveGoogle Earth,a tool for geotagging can be installed:Ald-Hjl-Koord-en.kmz.A crosshair will appear in the middle of the Google Earth screen. Place the crosshair exactly over the camera location by moving the view, and click on it. The location template can be copied from the window that opens. (Please deactivate the tool if unused.)

If you have coordinates in aKMLfile (such as created in Google Earth and exported with "Save As" or "Copy", or aided byPicasa), thekmlconverttool can be used to convert the coordinates to Commons templates. This method is suitable for geocoding a series of images.

Seeen:Wikipedia:Obtaining geographic coordinatesfor more information.

Precision

The linear measurement of a longitudinal angle varies according to Latitude. If we are aiming to a precision of about 7 m, then it is appropriate to use decimal degrees with 4 decimal places. This is suitable in most cases. For the minute/second format, seconds with 1 decimal place will similarly give precision of about 1,5–3 meters of real earth surface.

**Length Equivalent of Longitudinal Degree at Selected Latitudes in km**
Latitude	Town	Degree °	Minute '	Second "	Decimal Degree at 4 dp
60	Saint Petersburg	55.65 km	0.927 km	15.42 m	5.56 m
51° 28' 38 "N	Greenwich	69.29 km	1.155 km	19.24 m	6.93 m
45	Bordeaux	78.7 km	1.31 km	21.86 m	7.87 m
30	New Orleans	96.39 km	1.61 km	26.77 m	9.63 m
0	Quito	111.3 km	1.855 km	30.92 m	11.13 m

Note that latitudinal degrees do not vary significantly across the Earth, having a surface precision of 1 "= 31 m or 0.0001° = 11 m. Seeen:Geographic coordinate systemfor more information.

Geodetic system

All coordinates should be referenced to theen:WGS84datum, the one supported by GPS systems and Google Maps. References taken from printed maps are unlikely to use this datum, and lead to inaccuracies in the order of hundreds of metres. National Grid reference systems use a local datum so will provide the wrong result.

Adding a location template

The use of the following templates is encouraged:

{{Location}}for degree, minute, second coordinates
{{Location dec}}for decimal degree coordinates
- Example for southern hemisphere, decimal: location dec|-7.58|-14.24

Do not simply invent your own new templates or copy geocoding templates from other wikis without discussion. Doing so can break the automation that reads and uses the geocoding. Commons geocoding needs are also not the same as those of other projects.Note that you also should not create your own wrappers around{{Location}}or{{Location dec}};this will break the automation as well. Just call one of the templates directly from the image description page.

Simply add {{location dec|lat|long}} to the image page, filling in the lat and long from the procedure above. If the image page has an {{Information}} template, or similar, the {{location dec}} template should come immediately after it. The result will look something like this:

Camera location	37° 30′ 40.9″ N, 77° 36′ 09.41″ W	View all coordinates using:OpenStreetMap

Alternatively, add {{location|lat deg|lat min|lat sec|NS|long deg|long min|long sec|EW}} to the image page, filling in the lat and long. If the image page has an {{Information}} template, or similar, the {{location}} template should come immediately after it. The result will look something like this:

Camera location	37° 30′ 40.9″ N, 77° 36′ 09.41″ W	View all coordinates using:OpenStreetMap

Parameters

Wikipedia geocoding often usesparametersafter the coordinates to give more information about the location, but some of them are not useful here.

typeandscale- Redundant on Commons, as most images are at lowest scale. The defaults aretype:landmarkandscale:5000.These parameters should be given only if values different from the defaults are desired.
heading- Used to indicate the direction the camera was pointing at. It is given as degree values0-360(clockwise with north as 0) or a compass point abbreviation as defined inw:Bo xing the compass.(Example:heading:NW)

Heading parameter related tools

Compass overlay can be displayed on Google Maps or in Google Earth to help find the correct heading:
- Google Maps:map with fullscreen compass overlay
- Google Earth:Compass_overlay.kmlcan be added to "My Places" and displayed when necessary. The overlay does not change when the view is rotated, so remember to click on the top right compass to reset the viewpoint orientation.
Google Earth 5.0 shows the heading in degrees with the "Ruler" tool, when a line is drawn from the camera location to the object in the center of the photo. The heading does not depend on viewpoint orientation.
GeoLocatortool allows interactive picking of correct heading on a map as part of metadata authoring.

Use of the information

Clicking on the coordinates on an Image page will lead to a list of various services that can show the location. It is also possible to browse Commons images on a map:

A world map with thumbnails of geocoded images can be found fromWikiMiniAtlas on Commons.
Some Geocoded images from Commons plotted in Google Earth withGeoCommons(images tagged with{{Object location}}are not displayed).
Some geocoded images from Commons plotted inGoogle Maps(images tagged with{{Object location}}are not displayed).
In the "gadget" tab ofSpecial:Preferences,there is an option "View category on Google maps". If enabled, this adds a link "map" to all categories. This shows the location of geocoded images in the category on Google maps.
Adding{{GeoGroupTemplate}}to a category page adds links to view the images in the category with various maps.

Things to do

Add geocoding to any location related media on Commons. Areas you know personally are easiest, but geocoding images from other areas based on satellite data and other photos is also possible. For help in finding material to work on, choose an interesting category and enter the name inthis toolto see a gallery of images that need to be geocoded.
Find coordinates for untaged pictures tagged with{{Location possible}}in:Category:Location possible.
Refine inaccurate geocoding on images that are off the correct camera location, or have been positioned in the exact same place as a number of other images (seelist)
Monitor and fix tags of images with incorrect geocoding inCategory:Media with erroneous locationsand recently geocoded images (gallery).
Find coordinates with unknown headings and try to fix them (seelist).
Verify or fix coordinates of images imported from external sources where geocoding may be less conscientious (see for exampleFlickr images)
Replace most usages of{{coor d}},{{coor dm}}and{{coor dms}}with {{Location}} or {{Location dec}} in "File:" namespace pages.

Special:Preferences

Some of the tools can be activate in the "gadget" tab ofSpecial:Preferences:

Locate images on Google Maps:On Category pages, adds a "Map" link to locategeocodedimages from that category on Google Maps.[talk]
Geocoding tools:Adds threegeocodinglinks to the toolbox:recent changes,daily error log,andsearch.[talk]
Geocoding To Do:Add a tab to the category linking to thetoolallowing to view images that are notgeocoded.[talk]

Commons:Địa lý mã hóa công trình

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