Gwn

Pistol (math o wn bychan) o'r enw 'SIG Sauer P220'.

Arfa ddefnyddir i saethu taflegryn megisbwledywgwnneuddryll(lluosog: "gynnau" ). Gallant fod o amryw o feintiau: yn ddigon bach i'w ddal mewn un llaw, neu'n ddigon mawr i danio taflegryn a all suddollong ryfel.

Gelwir gwn sy'n defnyddiotanwyddi'w danio ynarf tân.Maepistolau,rifolferi,areifflaui gyd yn arfau tân. Gelwir drylliau y defnyddir gydag un llaw ynllawddrylliau.

Geirdarddiad

Mae'n fwy na thebyg mai enwNorwyegam ferch,Gunnhildr,oedd tarddiad y gair 'gwn', ac roedd yn arferiad enwi gynnau ar ôl merched tan yn ddiweddar, a hynny mewn sawl iaith e.e.Mons Meg(15c) aBig bertha(Ail Ryfel Byd).^[1]Mae tarddiad y gairgunnrhildryn filwrol ei natur gydagunnrahildryn golygu rhyfel mewn Norwyeg. Ceir un o'r cofnodion cyntaf o'r gair yng Nghofnodion arfauCastell Windsoryn 1330, sef gwn o'r enwDomina Gunilda,erfyn eitha mawr, o fathbalista:"Una magna balista de cornu quae vocatur Domina Gunilda."(Balista enfawr oGernyw,o'r enw "Lady Gunilda".)

Y cofnod cyntaf o wn bychan, sef yr ystyr modern i'r gair, yw hwnnw ganChaucer:The Hous of Fame(c.1384):

Went this foule trumpes soun As swifte as pelet out of gonne Whan fire is in the poudre ronne.(Went this foul trumpet sound As swift as a pellet out of a gun when fire is running in the powder.)

Hanes

Y ddyfais cyntaf y gellir rhoi'r gair 'gwn', sef erfyn a ddefnyddiai bowdwr gwn i yrru ei daflegryn (saeth) oedd y math a ddyfeisiwyd ynTsieinatua 1,000 Ô.C.^[3]Roeddent wedi dyfeisio powdwr gwn tua thri chan mlynedd cyn hyn, a hynny drwy ymchwil y 'gwyddonwyr' cynnar ialcemi.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Niferoedd gynnau gan sifiliaid

Mae nifer y gynnau a gedwir gan sifiliaid gwledydd y byd yn amrywio'n fawr, gyadgUnol Daleithiau AmericaacAlaskaymhlith yr uchaf.

Yr Unol Daleithiau yw'r unig wlad lle mae nifer y gynnau'n uwch na nifer y bobl h.y. mae gan bob cant o bobl yr UD gyfartaledd o 112 o ynnau. Yn y pegwn arall, mae'r nifer lleiaf o ynnau ynTiwnisia,sef un gwn gan bob mil o bobl (.1 gwn rhwng pob 100). Un o'r ffactorau sy'n cyfri am hyn yw cyfoeth y wlad, gyda gwledydd cyfoethog (o ran arian) yn uwch na gwledydd tlawd.^[2]^[7]^[8]

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

↑wordorigins.org;Archifwyd2016-05-07 yn yPeiriant Waybackadalwyd Hydref 2016.
↑^2.0^2.1Keith Krause, Eric G. Berman, gol. (August 2007)."Small Arms Survey 2007 – Chapter 2. Completing the Count: Civilian Firearms".Geneva, Switzerland: Small Arms Survey. Archifwyd o'rgwreiddiolar 2018-08-27.Cyrchwyd2013-06-20.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
↑Judith Herbst, The History Of Weapons, Lerner Publications, 2005, tud. 8
↑Buchanan 2006,t. 2 "With its ninth century AD origins in China, the knowledge of gunpowder emerged from the search by alchemists for the secrets of life, to filter through the channels of Middle Eastern culture, and take root in Europe with consequences that form the context of the studies in this volume."
↑Needleham 1986,t. 7 "Without doubt it was in the previous century, around +850, that the early alchemical experiments on the constituents of gunpowder, with its self-contained oxygen, reached their climax in the appearance of the mixture itself."
↑Chase 2003,tt. 31–32
↑Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross, Martin Killias, Urs Hepp, Erika Gadola, Matthias Bopp, Christoph Lauber, Ulrich Schnyder, Felix Gutzwiller, Wulf Rössler (October 2006)."Firearm suicides and the availability of firearms: analysis of longitudinal international data".Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, USA: US National Library of Medicine, National Istitutes of Health.Cyrchwyd2016-03-20.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
↑Martin Killias (1993)."Gun Ownership, Suicide and Homicide: An International Perspective"(PDF).Turin, Italy: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute. Archifwyd o'rgwreiddiol(PDF)ar 2013-12-24.Cyrchwyd2016-03-20.

[1] wordorigins.org;Archifwyd2016-05-07 yn yPeiriant Waybackadalwyd Hydref 2016.

[SmallArmsSurvey2007-2] 2.0^2.1Keith Krause, Eric G. Berman, gol. (August 2007)."Small Arms Survey 2007 – Chapter 2. Completing the Count: Civilian Firearms".Geneva, Switzerland: Small Arms Survey. Archifwyd o'rgwreiddiolar 2018-08-27.Cyrchwyd2013-06-20.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)

[books.google.com-3] Judith Herbst, The History Of Weapons, Lerner Publications, 2005, tud. 8

[4] Buchanan 2006,t. 2 "With its ninth century AD origins in China, the knowledge of gunpowder emerged from the search by alchemists for the secrets of life, to filter through the channels of Middle Eastern culture, and take root in Europe with consequences that form the context of the studies in this volume."

[5] Needleham 1986,t. 7 "Without doubt it was in the previous century, around +850, that the early alchemical experiments on the constituents of gunpowder, with its self-contained oxygen, reached their climax in the appearance of the mixture itself."

[chase-6] Chase 2003,tt. 31–32

[Adjacic_2006-7] Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross, Martin Killias, Urs Hepp, Erika Gadola, Matthias Bopp, Christoph Lauber, Ulrich Schnyder, Felix Gutzwiller, Wulf Rössler (October 2006)."Firearm suicides and the availability of firearms: analysis of longitudinal international data".Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, USA: US National Library of Medicine, National Istitutes of Health.Cyrchwyd2016-03-20.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[Killias_1993-8] Martin Killias (1993)."Gun Ownership, Suicide and Homicide: An International Perspective"(PDF).Turin, Italy: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute. Archifwyd o'rgwreiddiol(PDF)ar 2013-12-24.Cyrchwyd2016-03-20.

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