Skabelon:Lang

{{{2}}}

Skabelondokumentation[vis] [redigér] [historik] [opfrisk]

Utilstrækkelig vejledning Denne skabelon bør have en (bedre) vejledning, helst med eksempler på anvendelse. Hvis andre skabeloner er nyere og/eller bedre, bør der henvises til dem.

Se eventuelt vejledninger til de tilsvarende på

• Norsk:no:Mal:Språk
• Svensk:sv:Mall:Lang
• Engelsk:en:Template:Lang

---

The purpose of this template is to indicate that a span of text belongs to a particular language. It often makes no visible changes to the text, but can prompt web browsers to use a more appropriate font, or screen readers to use a particular kind of pronunciation, and so on. See§ Rationalefor more information.

Syntax and usage

{{lang|language tag|text}}

Thelanguage tagshould consist of anISO 639language code, optionally extended to indicate a language's script or region. The language code is usually a two- or three-letter abbreviation, in lowercase, of the language's name.French,for example, has the codefr:

• She said: "''{{lang|fr|Je suis française.}}''"

She said: "Je suis française."

Because all languages represented by two-letter codes inISO 639‑1can also be represented by their newer three-letter equivalents inISO 639‑2and above, it is recommended to use the shortest language tag possible that sufficiently describes the target language.So while French could be represented by 639‑2'sfracode, 639‑1'sfrshould still take precedence. Likewise, script and region information should only be included when they provide a necessary distinction. For an up-to-date list of available language, script, and region codes, please refer to theIANA'slanguage subtag registry.

By default, this template will place articles into the relevant subcategory ofKategori:Articles containing non-English-language text.To suppress this – e.g. when using{{lang}}within awikilinkor thetitleparameter of a citation – add the parameter|nocat=true.

Formatting

There are language-specific versions of this template, such as {{lang-fr}} and {{lang-ru}}, which are intended to be used the first time a language appears in an article. These templates will print the language's name and, when appropriate, italicize their content:

• A '''kremlin''' ({{lang-ru|кремль}}, ''castle'') is a major fortified central complex...

Akremlin(russisk:кремль,castle) is a major fortified central complex...

While{{lang-xx}}templates output text in italics for languages with Latin-based scripts, if plain text is required, such as for proper names, {{noitalic}} may be used:

• ... the border town of Ventimiglia ({{lang-fr|{{noitalic|Vintimille}}}})...

... the border town of Ventimiglia (fransk:Vintimille)...

When formatting foreign-language text to match style guidelines, it is best to exclude the styling markup from the template, so that any extraneous markup which is not from the foreign language does not receive incorrect metadata for that language:

• Use''{{lang|it|[[goriziana]]}}''
• Not{{lang|it|''[[goriziana]]''}}

This includes italicization of foreign words; English-language quotation marks around titles of works in languages that use other quotation character glyphs; italicization of titles in languages which do not use that convention; and emphasis that is not found (in one style or another) in the original foreign text; among other cases. If in doubt, put such markup outside the template.

Right-to-left languages

To embed a string of right-to-left text (such asArabicorHebrew) within the usual left-to-right context,|rtl=yesshould be added to correctly communicate writing direction. For convenience, the {{rtl-lang}} template accomplishes the same result by automatically including|rtl=yes.To markup a whole paragraph of right-to-left text, {{rtl-para}} should be used instead.

Any of these approaches will wrap the text in a container with thedir= "rtl"attribute. In order to ensure correct rendering in browsers that do not fully supportHTML 5bidirectional isolation,aleft-to-right markis also added to the end of the text (see theW3Cfor details).

Note that text direction does not need to be specified when using the{{lang-xx}}templates, as this is implied by the template's language. Therefore there is no{{rtl-lang-ar}},only {{lang-ar}}.

Indicating writing script

If necessary, anISO 15924script code can be appended to a language code to indicate the use of a specific script. For instance,Tajik(tg) is a language which can be found written inArabic(Arab),Latin(Latn), andCyrillic(Cyrl) scripts, making it necessary to always specify which script is in use. In such a case, taking care to preserve the script code's capitalization, we could end up with the following code (language tags in bold):

• Tajik ({{rtl-lang|tg-Arab|تاجیکی}}, ''{{lang|tg-Latn|toçikī}}'', {{lang|tg-Cyrl|тоҷикӣ}})

Tajik (Skabelon:Rtl-lang,toçikī,тоҷикӣ)

Many languages, however, are so commonly written in one particular script that specifying the script is unnecessary.Russian,for instance, is almost exclusively written in Cyrillic, so there is no need to specifyru-Cyrl,just asen-Latnwould be unnecessary for English. Thesubtag registrycontains up-to-date information on which languages have script codes that should be "suppressed".

Transliteration

To mark a language which has beentransliteratedfrom one script into another, append the new script's code to the code of the original language. So if transliterating from Russian Cyrillic to a Latin script, the language tag on the transliteration would beru-Latn.If the transliteration scheme is known, and listed as a "variant" in thesubtag registry,it can be appended after any script and region codes. For example, Chinese transliterated into a Latin script using thepinyinsystem would bezh-Latn-pinyin.As a convenience for transliterating to Latin scripts, and to work around browser styling issues with some language and script combinations, {{transl}} may be used in place of{{lang}}:

• Moscow ({{lang|ru|Москва́}}, ''{{transl|ru|Moskva}}'')

Moscow (Москва́,Moskva)

To specify a transliteration scheme, such as theISO transliteration standard for Cyrillic,use{{transl|ru|ISO|Moskva}}.

Undetermined language

The{{lang}}template is not only used to specify the language of foreign words, but can also be used to specify a single symbol or character in a script, unrelated to any specific language. Many times the character or symbol is used in several languages, but when the article refers to thegraphemeitself, theISO 639‑2language codeund,for Undetermined language, should be used:

• The {{lang|und-Hani| tự }} Han character has 6 strokes.

TheTựHan character has 6 strokes.

Han characters are used in Chinese, Japanese, sometimes Korean, and formerly Vietnamese, and in this case the character is not used for any specific language. Note that the script code used isHani,which specifies generic Han characters (Hanzi, Kanji, Hanja).

Compare {{script}} usage:

• The {{script|Hani| tự }} Han character has 6 strokes.

TheTựHan character has 6 strokes.

Indicating regional variant

When it is necessary to indicate region-specific language, anISO 3166-1 alfa-2country code, orUN M.49region code, should be added to the language tag, taking care to preserve capitalization. For example,Portuguese(pt) as used inBrazil(BR) could be represented aspt-BR,andSpanishas used inLatin Americaases-419.

Additionally, language, script, and region codes can all appear in the same tag. For instance, the codezh-Hant-TWshould be used forChinesetext written withTraditional Han characters,containing words or expressions specific toTaiwan:

• Taiwan ({{lang|zh-Hant-TW| đài loan }}, ''{{transl|zh|Táiwān}}'')

Taiwan (Đài loan,Táiwān)

Rationale

• Webbrowserscan use the information in suchmultilingual support templatesto choose an appropriate font.
  • This is great forCJKwhere a character can be given its language-specific shape but will fall back to another form if no appropriate font is found or if the preferred font lacks that character, for example because the language does not make use of that character: seeHan unification § Examples of language-dependent glyphsandthese comparison table and screen photo.
• Foraccessibility–screen readersneed language info to speak text in the correct language – and to satisfyWikipedia accessibility guidelines.
• Forspell checkersand grammar checkers.
• To help browsers choose appropriatequotation marks,and make decisions abouthyphenation,ligatures,and spacing.
• Users can apply styles to languages in theirstyle sheets(useful for editors).
• Search enginescan use this information whenindexingtext.
• Facilitates better data-scraping, parsing and re-use.
• Useful for application developers who re-publish Wikipedia (also seeWikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility § Other languages).
• Useful for research or compiling statistics about language use in Wikipedia.

Applying styles

Registered users can apply customCSSstyles to articles by placing style declarations in their user style sheet. The user style sheet can be created atSpeciel:Mypage/common.css.For more information, seeHjælp:User style.The following examples should work in mostmodern browsers,but not inInternet Explorer 8or earlier, which lack support for attribute selectors.

To apply a specific font to all text marked as Russian of any script or region:

span[lang|=ru]{font-family:fonteskaya;}

To apply a specific font to text marked simply as Russian:

span:lang(ru){font-family:fonteskaya;}

To apply a color to all text marked with any language:

span[lang]{color:green;}

Do notuse quotation marks in your user style sheet; they may be misinterpreted as wikitext. While they are recommended in CSS, they are only required for font families containing generic-family keywords ('inherit', 'serif', 'sans-serif', 'monospace', 'fantasy', and 'cursive'). See theW3Cfor more details.

TemplateData

Dette er denne skabelonsTemplateData-dokumentation, som bruges afVisualEditorog andre værktøjer.

Lang

Indicate that a given span of text belongs to a particular language. Allows browsers to correctly present and pronounce foreign languages.

Skabelonparametre[Rediger TemplateData]

Denne skabelon foretrækker inline-formatering af parametre.

Parameter		Beskrivelse	Type	Status
Language tag	1	A language tag, or an ISO 639 language code. Eksempel fr	Streng	påkrævet
Text	2	The text belonging to the language specified. Eksempel Je suis française.	Streng	påkrævet
Right to left	rtl	Indicates that the language should be displayed from right to left. Eksempel yes	Streng	valgfri

See also

• {{[[Skabelon::en:Language|:en:Language]]}}
• Category:Multilingual support templates
• List of ISO 639 codes(language codes)
  • {{ISO 639 name}} (used inside this template)
• List of ISO 15924 codes(script codes)
• List of ISO transliterations(transliteration codes)
• {{Cleanup-lang}} (for articles which should use this template, but do not yet)
• {{transl}} (for romanisation of languages not natively written in the Latin alphabet
• {{script}} (for specific characters)
• {{wikt-lang}} (to simultaneously tag text as a language and link to Wiktionary)
• Category:Language icon templates(for visually marking external links to foreign-language content)
• Category:Articles containing unknown ISO 639 language template– maintenance category

Further information

• W3C
  • Language tags in HTML and XML– Overview
  • Authoring HTML: Language declarations– Latest W3C Working Draft
  • Understanding the New Language Tags
  • FAQ: Styling using the lang attribute
• IANA
  • IANA Language Subtag Registry
  • Tags for Identifying Languages(RFC4646)
  • Matching of Language Tags(RFC4647)
  • Language tags(obsolete perRFC4646)
• Mozilla Firefox
  • Bug with script selection

References