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ढाँचा:Lang

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Language templates
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The purpose of this template is to indicate that a span of text belongs to a particular language. It often makes no visible changes to the text, but can promptweb browsersto use a more appropriate font, or screen readers to use a particular kind of pronunciation, and so on. See§ Rationalefor more information.

Syntax and usage[स्रोत सम्पादन]

{{lang|language tag|text}}

Thelanguage tagshould consist of anISO 639language code. The template supports properly formattedIETF language tagsusing subtags that identify the language's script, region, and/or variant. The ISO 639 language code is a two- or three-letter abbreviation, in lowercase, of the language's name.French,for example, has the codefr:

  • She said: "{{lang|fr|Je suis française.}}"→ She said: "Je suis française."

Because all languages represented by two-letter codes inISO 639‑1can also be represented by their three-letter equivalents inISO 639‑2and above, it is recommended to use the shortest language tag possible that sufficiently describes the target language.[१]So while French could be represented by 639‑2'sfracode, use the 639‑1 codefrinstead. Likewise, script, region, and variant information should be included only when they provide a necessary distinction. For an up-to-date list of available language, script, region, and variant codes, please refer to theIANA'slanguage subtag registry.

By default, this template will place articles into the relevant subcategory ofCategory:Articles containing non-English-language text.To suppress this – e.g. when using{{lang}}within awikilinkor thetitleparameter of a citation – add the parameter|nocat=true.

Formatting[स्रोत सम्पादन]

Automatic italics[स्रोत सम्पादन]

{{lang}}automatically applies italic stylingwhen the text in{{{2}}}is written entirely in theLatnscript:
{{lang|fr|Je suis française.}}→Je suis française.
''{{lang|fr|Je suis française.}}''→Je suis française.– external markup is ignored

WhenLatnscript should not be italicized, there are multiple approaches:

|italic=no– renders{{{2}}}in upright font; italic markup around the template is ignored; italic markup inside the template causes an error message:
{{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=no}}→Je suis française.
''{{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=no}}''→Je suis française.
''{{lang|fr|Je suis ''française''.|italic=no}}''→[Je suisfrançaise.]error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help)– italic markup in conflict with|italic=no
|italic=unset– disables template-provided styling;{{{2}}}is styled according to external or internal wiki markup:
{{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=unset}}→Je suis française.
''{{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=unset}}''→Je suis française.
{{lang|fr|''Je suis'' English.|italic=unset}}→Je suisEnglish.
{{noitalic}}can also be used:
{{lang|fr|Je suis {{noitalic|English}}.}}→Je suisEnglish.
See table "lang |italic= parameter operation".

Language-specific templates[स्रोत सम्पादन]

There are language-specific versions of this template, such as {{lang-fr}} and {{lang-ru}}, which are intended to be used the first time a language appears in an article. These templates will print the language's name and, when appropriate, italicize their content:

  • A '''kremlin''' ({{lang-ru|кремль}}, 'castle') is a major fortified central complex...→ Akremlin(रुसि:кремль,'castle') is a major fortified central complex...

While{{lang-xx}}templates output text in italics for languages with Latin-based scripts, if plain text is required, such as for proper names,|italic=noor{{noitalic}}may be used:

  • the border town of Ventimiglia ({{lang-fr|Vintimille}})→ the border town of Ventimiglia (French:Vintimille)
  • the border town of Ventimiglia ({{lang-fr|italic=no|Vintimille}})→ the border town of Ventimiglia (French:Vintimille)
  • the border town of Ventimiglia ({{lang-fr|{{noitalic|Vintimille}}}})→ the border town of Ventimiglia (French:Vintimille)

When formatting foreign-language text to match style guidelines, it is best to exclude the styling markup from the template, so that any extraneous markup which is not from the foreign language does not receive incorrect metadata for that language. This includes: English-language quotation marks around titles of works in languages that use other quotation character glyphs; italicization of titles in languages which do not use that convention; and emphasis that is not found (in one style or another) in the original foreign text; among other cases. If in doubt, put such markup outside the template when possible.

यिन लै हेर:Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting § Foreign terms

Right-to-left languages[स्रोत सम्पादन]

To embed a string of right-to-left text (such asArabicorHebrew) within the usual left-to-right context,|rtl=yesshould be added to correctly communicate writing direction. For convenience, the {{rtl-lang}} template accomplishes the same result by automatically including|rtl=yes.To markup a whole paragraph of right-to-left text, {{rtl-para}} should be used instead.

Any of these approaches will wrap the text in a container with thedir= "rtl"attribute. In order to ensure correct rendering in browsers that do not fully supportHTML 5bidirectional isolation,aleft-to-right markis also added to the end of the text (see theW3Cfor details).

Note that text direction does not need to be specified when using the{{lang-xx}}templates, as this is implied by the template's language. Therefore there is no{{rtl-lang-ar}},only {{lang-ar}}.

Parameters[स्रोत सम्पादन]

lang supported parameters
parameter definition yields to alias
code IETF language tagfor the content intext – {{{1}}}
text non-English text – {{{2}}}
rtl yesindicates that the writing system used for the content intextis right-to-left; accepted values are:no(default),yes IETF script subtag incode(if provided)
italic see table "lang |italic= parameter operation";accepted values are:yes,no,unset,invert,default – italics,i
size specifies font size of the content intext;use a value suitable for use with the CSSfont-sizeproperty; this should almost always be a relative value supplied in%oremunits, not a fixedpxvalue. –
nocat inhibits automatic categorization; mirror version ofcat;accepted values are:yes,y,true,t,on,1 –
cat inhibits automatic categorization; mirror version ofnocat;accepted values are:no,n,false,f,off,0 –
lang |italic= parameter operation
|italic= value description example code result html markup
  • parameter not present;
  • parameter present, not set;
  • invalid value
  • module applies style from:
  • auto-italics or
  • script subtaglatn;
  • else inherits from external markup;
  • invalid values treated as default
 {{lang|ru|тундра}} тундра <span lang= "ru" title= "रुसि language text" >тундра</span>
{{lang|ru|tûndra}} tûndra <i lang= "ru" title= "रुसि language text" >tûndra</i>
Incorrect markup; this requires|ru-latn.
{{lang|fr|toundra}} toundra <i lang= "fr" title= "French language text" >toundra</i>
{{lang|ru-latn|tûndra}} tûndra <i lang= "ru-Latn" title= "रुसि language text" >tûndra</i>
default {{lang|ru|тундра|italic=default}} тундра <span lang= "ru" title= "रुसि language text" >тундра</span>
{{lang|fr|toundra|italic=default}} toundra <i lang= "fr" title= "French language text" >toundra</i>
{{lang|ru-latn|tûndra|italic=default}} tûndra <i lang= "ru-Latn" title= "रुसि language text" >tûndra</i>
no
  • module applies upright style;
  • overrides auto-italics
  • overrides script subtaglatn;
  • overrides external markup
 {{lang|ru|тундра|italic=no}} тундра <span lang= "ru" style= "font-style:normal;" title= "रुसि language text" >тундра</span>
{{lang|fr|toundra|italic=no}} toundra <span lang= "fr" style= "font-style:normal;" title= "French language text" >toundra</span>
{{lang|ru-latn|tûndra|italic=no}} tûndra <span lang= "ru-Latn" style= "font-style:normal;" title= "रुसि language text" >tûndra</span>
''{{lang|fr|toundra|italic=no}}'' toundra ''<span lang= "fr" style= "font-style:normal;" title= "French language text" >toundra</span>''
yes
  • module applies italic style;
  • ignores auto-italics;
  • ignores script subtaglatn
 {{lang|ru|тундра|italic=yes}} тундра <i lang= "ru" title= "रुसि language text" >тундра</i>
{{lang|ru-latn|tûndra|italic=yes}} tûndra <i lang= "ru-Latn" title= "रुसि language text" >tûndra</i>
unset
  • module applies no style;
  • inherits style from external markup;
  • disables auto-italics
  • overrides script subtaglatn;
 {{lang|ru|тундра|italic=unset}} тундра <span lang= "ru" title= "रुसि language text" >тундра</span>
''{{lang|ru|тундра|italic=unset}}'' тундра ''<span lang= "ru" title= "रुसि language text" >тундра</span>''
{{lang|ru-latn|tûndra|italic=unset}} tûndra <span lang= "ru-Latn" title= "रुसि language text" >tûndra</span>
''{{lang|ru-latn|tûndra|italic=unset}}'' tûndra ''<span lang= "ru-Latn" title= "रुसि language text" >tûndra</span>''
invert
  • module applies no style;
  • inverts style in internal markupdagger;
  • disables auto-italics
  • overrides script subtaglatn;
 {{lang|ru|тундра|italic=invert}} тундра <span lang= "ru" title= "रुसि language text" >''тундра''</span>
{{lang|ru|''тундра''|italic=invert}} тундра <span lang= "ru" title= "रुसि language text" >тундра</span>
{{lang|ru-latn|tûndra|italic=invert}} tûndra <span lang= "ru-Latn" title= "रुसि language text" >''tûndra''</span>
{{lang|ru-latn|''tûndra''|italic=invert}} tûndra <span lang= "ru-Latn" title= "रुसि language text" >tûndra</span>

daggercompare|italic=invertto|italic=unset:

{{Lang|de|... ein neues Opernprojekt in Angriff: ''Das Käthchen von Heilbronn'', nach Heinrich von Kleists gleichnamigem Drama.|italic=invert}}
... ein neues Opernprojekt in Angriff:Das Käthchen von Heilbronn,nach Heinrich von Kleists gleichnamigem Drama.
{{Lang|de|''... ein neues Opernprojekt in Angriff: ''Das Käthchen von Heilbronn'', nach Heinrich von Kleists gleichnamigem Drama.''|italic=unset}}
... ein neues Opernprojekt in Angriff:Das Käthchen von Heilbronn,nach Heinrich von Kleists gleichnamigem Drama.


Indicating writing script[स्रोत सम्पादन]

If necessary, anISO 15924script code can be appended to a language code to indicate the use of a specific script. For instance,Tajik(tg) is a language which can be found written inArabic(Arab),Latin(Latn), andCyrillic(Cyrl) scripts, making it necessary to always specify which script is in use. In such a case, taking care to preserve the script code's capitalization, we could end up with the following code (language tags in bold):

  • Tajik ({{rtl-lang|tg-Arab|تاجیکی}}, ''{{lang|tg-Latn|toçikī}}'', {{lang|tg-Cyrl|тоҷикӣ}})
Tajik (تاجیکی‎,toçikī,тоҷикӣ)

Many languages, however, are so commonly written in one particular script that specifying the script is unnecessary.Russian,for instance, is almost exclusively written in Cyrillic, so there is no need to specifyru-Cyrl,just asen-Latnwould be unnecessary for English. Thesubtag registrycontains up-to-date information on which languages have script codes that should be "suppressed".

Transliteration[स्रोत सम्पादन]

To mark a language which has beentransliteratedfrom one script into another, append the new script's code to the code of the original language. So if transliterating from Russian Cyrillic to a Latin script, the language tag on the transliteration would beru-Latn.If the transliteration scheme is known, and listed as a "variant" in thesubtag registry,it can be appended after any script and region codes. For example, Chinese transliterated into a Latin script using thepinyinsystem would bezh-Latn-pinyin.As a convenience for transliterating to Latin scripts, and to work around browser styling issues with some language and script combinations, {{transl}} may be used in place of{{lang}}:

  • Moscow ({{lang|ru|Москва́}}, {{transl|ru|Moskva}})
Moscow (Москва́,Moskva)

To specify a transliteration scheme, such as theISO transliteration standard for Cyrillic,use{{transl|ru|ISO|Moskva}}.

Undetermined language[स्रोत सम्पादन]

The{{lang}}template is not only used to specify the language of foreign words, but can also be used to specify a single symbol or character in a script, unrelated to any specific language. Many times the character or symbol is used in several languages, but when the article refers to thegraphemeitself, theISO 639‑2language codeund,for Undetermined language, should be used:

  • The {{lang|und-Hani| tự }} Han character has 6 strokes.
TheTựHan character has 6 strokes.

Han characters are used in Chinese, Japanese, sometimes Korean, and formerly Vietnamese, and in this case the character is not used for any specific language. Note that the script code used isHani,which specifies generic Han characters (Hanzi, Kanji, Hanja).

Compare {{script}} usage:

  • The {{script|Hani| tự }} Han character has 6 strokes.
TheTựHan character has 6 strokes.

Indicating regional variant[स्रोत सम्पादन]

When it is necessary to indicate region-specific language, anISO 3166-1 alpha-2country code, orUN M.49region code, should be added to the language tag, taking care to preserve capitalization. For example,Portuguese(pt) as used inBrazil(BR) could be represented aspt-BR,andSpanishas used inLatin Americaases-419.

Additionally, language, script, and region codes can all appear in the same tag. For instance, the codezh-Hant-TWshould be used forChinesetext written withTraditional Han characters,containing words or expressions specific toTaiwan:

  • Taiwan ({{lang|zh-Hant-TW| đài loan }}, {{transl|zh|Táiwān}})
Taiwan (Đài loan,Táiwān)

Rationale[स्रोत सम्पादन]

Applying styles[स्रोत सम्पादन]

Registered users can apply customCSSstyles to articles by placing style declarations in their user style sheet. The user style sheet can be created atSpecial:Mypage/common.css.For more information, seeHelp:User style.The following examples should work in mostmodern browsers,but not inInternet Explorer 8or earlier, which lack support for attribute selectors.

To apply a specific font to all text marked as Russian of any script or region: 

[lang|=ru]{font-family:fonteskaya;}
/* or */
:lang(ru){font-family:fonteskaya;}

To apply a specific font to text marked simply as Russian: 

[lang=ru]{font-family:fonteskaya;}

To apply a color to all text marked with any language: 

[lang]{color:green;}

If a font name contains characters besides basic Latin letters or hyphens, it is a good idea to enclose it in quotation marks because some such characters have special meanings. Quotation marks are required for font families containing generic-family keywords ('inherit', 'serif', 'sans-serif', 'monospace', 'fantasy', and 'cursive'). See theW3Cfor more details.

You can combine this with font imports in your user stylesheet, for example, to show all German text inFrakturand all Urdu inNotoNastaliqUrdu Regular: 

@importurl(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=UnifrakturMaguntia);
@importurl(http://fonts.googleapis.com/earlyaccess/notonastaliqurdudraft.css);

:lang(de){
font-family:UnifrakturMaguntia;
font-style:normal;
font-weight:normal;
}

:lang(ur){
font-family:"Noto Nastaliq Urdu Regular","Noto Nastaliq Urdu";
}

then the following wikitext will look like the image below: 

Victor jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den Sylter Deich

{{lang|de|Victor jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den Sylter Deich}}

ٹھنڈ میں، ایک قحط زدہ گاؤں سے گزرتے وقت ایک چڑچڑے، بااثر و فارغ شخص کو بعض جل پری نما اژدہے نظر آئے۔

{{lang|ur|ٹھنڈ میں، ایک قحط زدہ گاؤں سے گزرتے وقت ایک چڑچڑے، بااثر و فارغ شخص کو بعض جل پری نما اژدہے نظر آئے۔}}

Tracking categories[स्रोत सम्पादन]

Articles that have errors are placed in:

Category:lang and lang-xx template errors(mainspace only)

Maintenance categories:

Category:Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1

TemplateData[स्रोत सम्पादन]

This is theTemplateDatadocumentation for this template used byVisualEditorand other tools; see the monthlyparameter usage reportfor this template.

TemplateData for Lang

Indicate that a given span of text belongs to a particular language. Allows browsers to correctly present and pronounce foreign languages.

ढाँचा प्यारामिटरहरू[ढाँचा डाटा सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

मापदण्डविवरणप्रकारस्थिति
Language tag1code

A language tag, or an ISO 639 language code.

उदाहरण
fr
Stringआवश्यक
Text2text

The text belonging to the language specified.

उदाहरण
Je suis française.
Stringआवश्यक
Right to leftrtl

Indicates that the language should be displayed from right to left.

पूर्वनिर्धारित
no
उदाहरण
yes
Stringवैकल्पिक
Italiciseitalicitalics

default, yes, no, unset

बुलियनवैकल्पिक
Font-sizesize

sets font-size

उदाहरण
120%, 1.2em
अज्ञातवैकल्पिक
nocatnocat

कुनैपनि विवरण छैन

अज्ञातवैकल्पिक

See also[स्रोत सम्पादन]

References[स्रोत सम्पादन]

  1. ↑"Language tags in HTML and XML"atWorld Wide Web Consortium
  2. ↑Heilmann, Chris (13 Mar 2008)."Yahoo! search results now with natural language support".Yahoo! Developer NetworkBlog.Archivedfrom the original on 25 Jan 2009.Retrieved28 Feb2015.
  3. ↑३.०३.१३.२Ishida, Richard (18 November 2014)."Why use the language attribute?".World Wide Web Consortium.Retrieved1 Mar2015.
  4. ↑"6.4 Ligatures: the font-variant-ligatures property".CSS Fonts Module Level 3 W3C Candidate Recommendation 3 October 2013.

External links[स्रोत सम्पादन]

The abovedocumentationistranscludedfromढाँचा:Lang/doc.(edit|history)
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox(create|mirror)and testcases(create)pages.
Please add categories to the/docsubpage.Subpages of this template.
"https://dty.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ढाँचा:Lang&oldid=209551"बठे निकालियाऽ