1867(MDCCCLXVII) was acommon year starting on Tuesdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Sundayof theJulian calendar,the 1867th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 867th year of the2nd millennium,the 67th year of the19th century,and the 8th year of the1860sdecade. As of the start of 1867, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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There were only 354 days this year in the newly purchasedterritory of Alaska.When the territory transferred from theRussian Empireto theUnited States,the calendric transition from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar was made with only 11 days instead of 12 during the19th century.This change was made due to the territorial andgeopoliticalshift from the Asian to the American side of theInternational Date Line.Friday, 6 October 1867(Julian Calendar)was followed by Friday again on 18 October 1867 (instead of Saturday, 19 October 1867 in the Gregorian Calendar).
Events
editJanuary–March
edit
- January 1– TheCovington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridgeopens betweenCincinnati, Ohio,andCovington, Kentucky,in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed after its designer,John A. Roebling,in1983.
- January 8–African-Americanmen are granted the right to vote in theDistrict of Columbia.
- January 11–Benito Juárezbecomes Mexican president again.
- January 15–London Skating Disasterwhere 40 people died when the ice broke.
- January 30–Emperor Kōmeiof Japan dies suddenly, age 36, leaving his 14-year-old son to succeed asEmperor Meiji.
- January 31–Maronitenationalist leaderYoussef Bey Karam[1]leavesLebanonaboard a French ship forAlgeria.
- February 3–ShōgunTokugawa Yoshinobuabdicates, and the lateEmperor Kōmei's son, Prince Mutsuhito, becomesEmperor Meijiof Japan in a brief ceremony inKyoto,ending theLate Tokugawa shogunate.
- February 7–West Virginia Universityis established inMorgantown, West Virginia.
- February 13– TheCovering of the SenneinBrusselsbegins.[2]
- February 14–Augusta Instituteis founded inAugusta, Georgia,later known asMorehouse College.[3]
- February 15–Johann Strauss II'swaltzThe Blue Danube(An der schönen blauen Donau) is first performed, at a concert of theVienna Men's Choral Association.Later this year, Strauss will adapt it into its popular purely orchestral version for theExposition Universellein Paris.
- February 19–Battle of Inlon River:TheQing Dynastydefeats the Nien rebels inHubei,China.
- February 22– TheIndiana Daily Studentis established at Indiana University in Bloomington.
- February 28– After almost 20 years (1848), theUnited States Congressforbids taxpayer funding of diplomatic envoys to theHoly See(Vatican), and breaks offrelations.Funding resumes, along with relations, in1984.
- March– TheUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaignis established (opened one year later).
- March 1–Nebraskais admitted as the 37thU.S. state.
- March 5– TheFenian Risingbreaks out in Ireland.[4]
- March 16– An article byJoseph Lister,outlining the discovery ofantisepticsurgery,is first published inThe Lancet.
- March 23–William III of the Netherlandsaccepts an offer of 5,000,000guildersfromNapoleon IIIfor the sale ofLuxembourg,leading to theLuxembourg Crisis.
- March 29– TheBritish North America Actreceives royal assent, forming the Dominion of Canada, in an event known as theConfederation.This unites theProvince of Canada(QuebecandOntario),New Brunswick,andNova ScotiaonJuly 1.Ottawabecomes the capital, andJohn A. Macdonaldbecomes the Dominion's firstprime minister.
- March 30–Alaska Purchase:Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million fromAlexander II of Russia,about 2 cents/acre ($4.19/km2), byUnited States Secretary of StateWilliam H. Seward.Newspapers call thisSeward's Folly.
April–June
edit- April 1– The Strait Settlement ofSingapore,formerly ruled fromCalcutta,becomes aCrown colony,under the jurisdiction of theColonial Officein London.
- April 1–November 3–Exposition Universelle,an international exhibition in Paris. Among the visitors isAbdülaziz,making the first visit of aSultan of the Ottoman Empireto Western Europe.
- April 28– I.C. Sorosis, the first women's fraternity (sorority) founded upon the men's fraternity model, withPi Beta Phias its motto, is founded atMonmouth Collegein Monmouth, Illinois. In1888,the motto becomes thename of the organization.
- May 1– The first politicalMay Daymarch takes place in Chicago.[5]
- May 7–Alfred Nobelpatentsdynamitein the United Kingdom.[6]
- May 11
- Treaty of London:Thegreat powersof Europe reaffirm theneutralityofLuxembourg,ending theLuxembourg Crisis.TheDuchy of Limburgis formally re-incorporated into theKingdom of the Netherlands.
- Cox and Box,byFrancis BurnandandArthur Sullivan,is first publicly performed, at theAdelphi Theatre,London.
- May 24–Robert William KeatebecomesLieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal.
- May 29
- TheAustro-Hungarian Compromise(calledAusgleichin German orkiegyezésin Hungarian (The Compromise)) is born through Act 12, which establishes theAustro-Hungarian Empire;onJune 8EmperorFrancis Joseph of Austriais crownedKing of Hungary.
- Canadian Confederation:Queen Victoriasigns theBritish North America Act,creating the Dominion of Canada, effectiveJuly 1.[7]
- June 15– TheAtlantic Cable Quartz Lodegold mine is named inMontana.
- June 19– Afiring squadexecutes EmperorMaximilian of Mexicoand two of his lieutenants.[8]
- June 20– The first recorded association football matchin Argentinatook place inBuenos Aires.[9]
July–September
edit- July– The ReverendThomas Baker,aWesleyan Methodistmissionary(b. inPlayden,East Sussex,England) is cooked and eaten by Navatusila tribespeople at Nabutautau,Fiji,together with eight of his local followers, the last missionary in that country to suffercannibalism.
- July 1
- Canadian Confederation:TheBritish North America Actof29 Marchcomes into force, creating the Dominion ofCanada,the first independent dominion in theBritish Empire.
- The Constitution of theNorth German Confederationcomes into effect, creating a confederation of states, under the leadership ofPrussiaandOtto von Bismarck.
- July 9–Queen's Park F.C.,the oldestassociation footballleague team in Scotland, is founded.
- July 15– France declaresCambodia's independence fromSiam;Cambodia becomes aprotectorateof France and Britain.
- July 17– InBoston,Massachusetts,theHarvard School of Dental Medicineis established as the first dental school in the United States.
- July 18–The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune:TheSerer peopledefeat the MuslimMaraboutsofSenegambia.
- August 7–September 20– Thefirst Canadian electionseesJohn A. Macdonald'sConservativeselected togovernment.
- August 15–Benjamin Disraeli'sSecond Reform Actenfranchises many men in cities for the first time, and adds 938,000 to an electorate of 1,057,000 inEngland and Wales.[10]
- September 2–Emperor Meijiof Japan marriesEmpress Shōken(née Masako Ichijō). TheEmpress consortis thereafter known asLady Haruko.
- September 4– TheSheffield Wednesday F.C.is founded, at theAdelphi HotelinSheffield.
- September 14– The first volume ofDas Kapital(later translated into English asCapital) is published byKarl Marx.
- September 30– The United States takes control ofMidway Island.
October–December
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- October 12– End ofpenal transportationfrom Britain as the lastconvict ship,theHougoumont,departs fromPortsmouthon an 89-day passage toWestern Australia.[10]62Feniansare among the transportees.
- October 18– Alaska is transferred from Russia to the US, becoming theDepartment of Alaska.[11]
- October 21– 'Manifest destiny':Medicine Lodge Treaty– Near Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas, a landmark treaty is signed by southernGreat PlainsIndian leaders, requiringNative AmericanPlains tribes to relocate to a reservation in westernOklahoma.
- October 27–Italian unification:Giuseppe Garibaldi's troops march into thePapal States.
- November 2– the first issue of the women's fashion magazineHarper's Bazaaris published. It was published weekly, but later monthly.
- November 9– The lastshōgunof Japan,Tokugawa Yoshinobu,tenders his resignation toEmperor Meiji.
- November 21– American temperance crusaderCarrie Nationmarries Charles Gloyd.
- November 23– The three 'Manchester Martyrs' are hanged in England for the murder of a policeman whilst attempting to rescue twoIrish Republican Brotherhoodmembers from imprisonment on 18 September.
- December 2– In aNew York Citytheater, English authorCharles Dickensgives his first public reading in the United States.
- December 4– Beginning ofBritish expedition to Abyssinia
- December 13– TheClerkenwell explosion,the most infamous action carried out by the Fenians in Britain in the 19th century.
- December 18–Angola Horror(Buffalo, New York-area train wreck): The fiery death of 49 people leadsJohn D. Rockefellerto develop and sell his Mineral Seal 300 °F (149 °C) Fire-Tested Burning Oil, andGeorge Westinghouseto invent therailway air brake,which is mandated in the United States in1893.[12]
Date unknown
edit- Pierre Michauxinvents the front wheel-driven velocipede, the first mass-produced bicycle.
- South Africandiamondfields are discovered.
- TheProhibition National Committeeis formed in the United States.
- Clarke School for the DeafinWestern Massachusettsopens its doors for the first time, becoming the first school for the deaf in the United States to teach its children how to communicate using theoral method.
- AtFountain Point,Michigan,anartesian waterspring begins to gush continuously.
- The modern rose is born, with the introduction ofRosa 'La France'byJean-Baptiste André Guillot.[13]
- Gorseis naturalised inNew Zealand,where it soon becomes the worst invasive weed.
- TheSwedish famine of 1867–1869begins.
- Yellow feverkills 3,093 inNew Orleans.
- TheWasps Rugby Football Clubis formed inMiddlesex,England.
- Margarine Unie,at the time named Antoon Jurgens United, a predecessor ofUnilever,worldwidetoiletries,beauty care,beveragebrand, founded inNetherlands.[14]
- Delhaize,as predecessor forAhold Delhaize,a major retail group ofEurope,founded inBelgium.[15]
- The gameParcheesiis introduced.
Ongoing
edit- Paraguayan War
- 1867–1873 – Chinese, Scandinavian and Irish immigrants lay 30,000 miles (48,000 km) of railroad tracks in the USA.
Births
editJanuary–March
edit
- January 5–Dimitrios Gounaris,94th Prime Minister of Greece (d.1922)
- January 6–Takejirō Tokonami,Japanese politician, Home Minister, Railway Minister and Minister of Communication (d.1935)
- January 8
- Emily Greene Balch,American writer, pacifist, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize(d.1961)
- Thomas Coward,English ornithologist (d.1933)
- January 17
- Jacob Christiaan Koningsberger,Dutch biologist and politician (d.1951)[16]
- Carl Laemmle,German-born film executive (d.1939)
- January 18–Rubén Darío,Nicaraguan poet (d.1916)
- January 20–Yvette Guilbert,French singer, actress (d.1944)
- January 21
- James Marcus,American actor (d.1937)
- Maxime Weygand,French general (d.1965)
- January 29–Carl L. Boeckmann,Norwegian-American artist (d.1923)
- February 4–Alexander Godley,British general (d.1957)
- February 7–Laura Elizabeth Wilder, née Ingalls,American children's author (d.1957)
- February 8–William Michael Crose,United States NavyCommanderand the seventhNaval Governor of American Samoa(d.1929)
- February 10–Charles W. Bryan,American politician (d.1945)
- February 21–Otto Hermann Kahn,German-born American millionaire, philanthropist (d.1934)
- February 27–Irving Fisher,American economist (d.1947)
- March 4–Charles Pelot Summerall,American general (d.1955)
- March 6–Samuel Franklin Cody,American aviation pioneer (d.1913)
- March 19–Sakichi Toyoda,Japanese inventor, industrialist (d.1930)
- March 21–Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.,American theatrical producer (d.1932)
- March 25
- Arturo Toscanini,Italian conductor (d.1957)
- Gutzon Borglum,American artist and sculptor (Mount Rushmore) (d.1941)
- March 26–Arnold Theiler,founder of theOnderstepoortVeterinary Research Institute in South Africa (d.1936)
- March 29–Cy Young,American baseball player (d.1955)
April–June
edit
- April 2–Eugen Sandow,German-born body builder, circus performer (d.1925)
- April 7–Holger Pedersen,Danish linguist (d.1953)
- April 9–Chris Watson,3rdPrime Minister of Australia(d.1941)
- April 10–George William Russell,Irish nationalist, poet and artist (d.1935)
- April 13–Sammy Woods,English cricketer (d.1931)
- April 16–Wilbur Wright,American aviation pioneer, co-inventor of the airplane with brother Orville (d.1912)
- April 23–Johannes Fibiger,Danish scientist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(d.1928)
- May 3–J. T. Hearne,English cricketer (d.1944)
- May 7–Władysław Reymont,Polish writer,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.1925)
- May 14–Kurt Eisner,German politician, publicist (d.1919)
- May 26–Queen Mary,wife ofGeorge Vof Great Britain (d.1953)
- June 2–William Goodenough,British admiral (d.1945)
- June 4–Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim,Finnish military leader and 6thPresident of Finland(d.1951)
- June 8–Frank Lloyd Wright,American architect (d.1959)
- June 9–Clarence Geldart,Canadian-American actor (d.1935)
- June 17–Flora Finch,British-American silent film comedian (d.1940)
- June 20–Leon Wachholz,Polish scientist and medical examiner (d.1942)
- June 24–J. Gordon Edwards,American film director (d.1925)
- June 28–Luigi Pirandello,Italian writer,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.1936)
- June 30–Edward L. Beach, Sr.,American naval officer, author (d.1943)
July–September
edit- July 8–Käthe Kollwitz,German artist (d.1945)
- July 10–Prince Maximilian of Baden,Chancellor of Germany(d.1929)
- July 18–Margaret "Molly" Brown,American socialite, philanthropist, andRMSTitanicsurvivor (d.1932)
- July 24–E. F. Benson,English writer (d.1940)
- July 27–Enrique Granados,Spanish composer (d.1916)
- July 28–Charles Dillon Perrine,American-born astronomer (d.1951)
- July 29–Berthold Oppenheim,Moravian rabbi (d.1942)
- August 3–Stanley Baldwin,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom(d.1947)
- August 9–Evelina Haverfield,British suffragette (d.1920)
- August 11–Hobart Bosworth,American film actor, director, writer and producer (d.1943)
- August 12–Edith Hamilton,German-born American educator, author (d.1963)
- August 14–John Galsworthy,English writer,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.1933)
- August 22–Maximilian Bircher-Benner,Swiss physician, nutritionist (d.1939)
- August 28–Umberto Giordano,Italian opera composer (d.1948)
- September 5–Amy Beach,American pianist, composer (d.1944)
- September 7–Albert Bassermann,German actor (d.1952)
- September 16–Vintilă Brătianu,31st Prime Minister of Romania (d.1930)
- September 17–W. H. Ellis,American attorney and politician (d.1948)
- September 21–Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe,English politician, 4thGovernor-General of New Zealand(d.1958)
- September 28
- James Edwin Campbell,American educator, school administrator, newspaper editor, poet, and essayist (d.1896)[17]
- Hiranuma Kiichirō,24th Prime Minister of Japan (d.1952)
- September 29–Walther Rathenau,German statesman,Weimar Republicforeign minister (d.1922)
October–December
edit
- October 2–James Stevenson-Hamilton,1st warden of South Africa'sKruger National Park(d.1957)
- October 12–Lyn Harding,Welsh actor (d.1952)
- October 14–Masaoka Shiki,Japanese haiku poet (d.1902)
- October 16–Mario Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Poggio Suasa(d.1963)
- October 25
- Hiranuma Kiichirō,35thPrime Minister of Japan(d.1952)
- Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki,Polish general (d.1937)
- October 27–Viola Allen,American actress (d.1948)
- October 30–Ed Delahanty,American Baseball Hall of Famer (d.1903)
- November 7
- Marie Curie,Polish-born scientist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Chemistryandphysics(d.1934)
- George Paish,English economist (d.1957)
- November 8–Sadakichi Hartmann,German/Japanese critic, poet (d.1944)
- November 9–Shrimad Rajchandra,prominent IndianJainphilosopher, scholar, poet & spiritual mentor ofMahatma Gandhi(d.1901)
- November 17–Henri Gouraud,French general (d.1946)
- November 30–János Vaszary,Hungarian painter and graphic artist (d.1939)
- December 1–Ignacy Mościcki,President of Poland(d.1946)
- December 2–Alec B. Francis,English actor (d.1934)
- December 5–Józef Piłsudski,Polish statesman, field marshal (d.1935)
- December 13–Kristian Birkeland,Norwegian physicist (d.1917)
- December 16–Amy Carmichael,Irish Protestant missionary (d.1951)
- December 18–Nakamura Yoshikoto,Japanese entrepreneur and politician,Mayor of Tokyo(d.1927)
- December 23–Madam C. J. Walker,first African-American millionaire (d.1919)
- December 23–Clotilde Apponyi,Hungarian women's rights activist, diplomat (d.1942)
- December 26–Yordan Milanov,Bulgarian architect (d.1932)
Date unknown
edit
- Lilian Bell,American novelist and travel writer (d.1929)
- Habib Pacha Es-Saad,3rd Prime Minister and 2nd President of Lebanon (d.1942)
- Florence Fuller,South African-born Australian artist (d.1946)
- Zhang Haipeng,Chinese and Manchukuoan general (d.1949)
- Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri,Indian Islamic scholar and author (d.1921)[18]
- Elena Meissner,Romanian women's rights activist (d.1940)
Deaths
editJanuary–June
edit
- January 14–Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres,French painter (b.1780)
- January 30–Emperor Kōmei,121st Emperor of Japan (b.1831)
- March 6–Artemus Ward,American humorist (b.1834) (tuberculosis)
- March 25–Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge,German chemist (b.1794)
- April 1–Louis du Couret,French explorer, writer and military officer (b.1812)
- April 12–David Canabarro,Brazilian general, Gaúcho revolutionary (b.1796)
- April 18–Robert Smirke,British architect (b.1780)
- April 27–Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover,after whomBig Benmay be named (b.1802)
- May 12–Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Gerhard,German archaeologist (b.1795)
- May 23–William Crawshay II,Welsh industrialist (b.1788)
- May 29–Margaretta Morris,American entomologist (b.1797)
- May 30–Ramón Castilla,Peruvian military leader and politician, three times President of Peru (b.1797)[19]
- June 19– EmperorMaximilian I of Mexico(executed) (b.1832)[8]
July–December
edit
- July–Thomas Baker,Methodist missionary to Fiji (b.1832)
- July 1–Thomas Francis Meagher,American Civil War general (b.1823)
- July 26– KingOtto of Greece(b.1815)
- July 31
- Benoît Fourneyron,French engineer, inventor of the turbine (b.1802)
- Catharine Maria Sedgwick,American "domestic fiction" novelist (b.1789)
- August 3–August Böckh,German scholar and antiquarian (b.1785)
- August 6–David R. Porter,American politician (b.1788)
- August 8–Maria Theresa of Austria,second Queen consort ofFerdinand II of the Two Sicilies(b.1816)
- August 21–Juan Álvarez,interim president of Mexico in1855(b.1790)[20]
- August 25–Michael Faraday,English chemist, physicist (b.1791)
- August 31–Charles Baudelaire,French writer (b.1821)
- September 10–Simon Sechter,Austrian music teacher (b.1788)
- September 26–James Ferguson,Scotland-born American astronomer (b.1797)
- October 9–Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński,Polish composer (b.1807)
- October 11–Gunatitanand Swami,Indian paramahamsa of the Hindu Swaminarayan Sampraday sect (b.1785)
- October 23–Franz Bopp,German linguist (b.1791)
- October 25–Abuna Salama III,metropolitan of theEthiopian Church
- October 31–William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse,Irish astronomer (b.1800)
- November 19–Fitz-Greene Halleck,American poet (b.1790)
- November 19–Ren Zhu,Chinese leader of theNian Rebellion(b. 1830?)
- December 1–Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow,Russian Orthodox leader (b.1782)
- December 10–Sakamoto Ryōma,Japanese samurai, politician and businessman (b.1836)
- December 26–József Kossics,Hungarian-Slovenian Catholic priest, writer and ethnologist (b.1788)
- December 30–Sarah Booth,English actress (b.1793)
References
edit- ^"Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website".Archived fromthe originalon March 29, 2019.RetrievedApril 10,2019.
- ^Demey, Thierry (1990).Bruxelles, chronique d'une capitale en chantier.Vol. 1. Brussels: Paul Legrain/C.F.C.-Editions.
- ^College, Morehouse."Morehouse College – Morehouse Legacy".www.morehouse.edu.Archived fromthe originalon September 27, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 26,2018.
- ^Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X., eds. (1967).The Course of Irish History.Cork: Mercier Press. p. 370.
- ^Haverty-Stacke, D. T. (2009).America’s forgotten holiday: May Day and nationalism, 1867–1960.New York: New York University Press.
- ^"Alfred Nobel",Encyclopædia Britannica,May 23, 2023
- ^"Constitution Act, 1867".Department of Justice (Canada).July 9, 2012.RetrievedAugust 14,2012.
- ^abMinster, Christopher (March 13, 2019)."Biography of Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico".ThoughtCo.RetrievedMay 30,2019.
- ^"Some Information on the Early History of Football in Argentina".RSSSF.RetrievedNovember 28,2022.
- ^abPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 287–288.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^"US takes possession of Alaska".This Day in History. November 24, 2009.RetrievedMarch 31,2019.
- ^Vogel, Charity (November 30, 2007). "The Angola Train Wreck".American History.
- ^Hessayon, D. G.The Rose Expert.Mohn Media Mohndrunk. p. 9.
- ^ Schiff, Eric (2016).Industrialization Without National Patents: The Netherlands, 1869-1912; Switzerland, 1850-1907 (Princeton Legacy Library).Princeton University Press. p. 57.ISBN978-0691647449.
- ^Dendooven, Pascal (July 5, 2007)."De onversaagde kruideniers van Delhaize".De Standaard(in Dutch).
- ^Doel, HW van den."Koningsberger, Jacob Christiaan (1867-1951)"(in Dutch).Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands.Archived fromthe originalon July 20, 2019.RetrievedMay 7,2024.
- ^Robinson, Wilhelmena S. (1968).Historical Negro Biographies.International Library of Negro Life and History. New York: Publishers Company, Inc., under the auspices of theAssociation for the Study of Negro Life and History.p. 59.ISBN9780877812036.LCCN68002920.OCLC1035607110– viaInternet Archive.
- ^Afaz Uddin, Muhammad (2012)."Jaunpuri, Abdul Awal".InIslam, Sirajul;Miah, Sajahan;Khanam, Mahfuza;Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.ISBN984-32-0576-6.OCLC52727562.OL30677644M.RetrievedSeptember 4,2024.
- ^Basadre, Jorge (2005) [First published 1939].Historia de la República del Perú (1822 - 1933)[History of the Republic of Peru (1822 - 1933)] (in Spanish). Vol. 6 (9th ed.). Lima: El Comercio. pp. 252–253.ISBN978-612-306-359-7.
- ^"JUAN ÁLVAREZ"(in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico. Archived fromthe originalon May 28, 2019.RetrievedMay 30,2019.