Adolf Pilch(22 May 1914 – 26 January 2000) was a Polish resistance fighter duringWorld War II(codenamesGóraandDolina). He became part of the Polish special forces (cichociemni) trained in theUnited Kingdom,and was parachuted intooccupied Polandon 17 February 1943. There, as a member of theArmia KrajowaPolish resistance, he organized a cavalry partisan unit in theNowogródek area,and broke through to theKampinos forestnearWarsaw,taking control of this area. At its height of operations his unit consisted of up to 1000 men. Between 3 June 1943 and 17 January 1945 his partisans fought in 235 battles.
Adolf Pilch | |
|---|---|
 Field mass for Polish partisans in theKampinos forest,late 1944. Pilch is third from the left (click on image for zoom and full description). | |
| Nickname(s) | Góra, Dolina |
| Born | 22 May 1914 Wisła,Austrian Silesia |
| Died | 26 January 2000(aged 85) London |
| Allegiance | Poland |
| Service | infantry, special ops (cichociemny) |
| Years of service | 1939 |
| Rank | Major |
| Commands | partisan commander |
| Battles / wars | battle of France,Polish resistance in occupied Poland |
| Awards |   |
Life
editAdolf Pilch was born inWisła.He attended the school for Polishofficer cadets(podchorąży), and was assigned to the26th Infantry Division.He was not, however, mobilized during theGerman invasion of Poland;he would escape the country throughHungaryandYugoslaviaand join the recreatedPolish Army in France.[1]In France he was assigned to thePolish 3rd Infantry Division in France.He fought in theBattle of France,and then managed to join thePolish Army in the United Kingdom.He was assigned to Polish special forces, thecichociemniunit, which was a Polish division of theSpecial Operations Executive(SOE).[1][2]
After training, he was parachuted intooccupied Polandon the night of the 16/17 February 1943.[1]Under the nom-de-guerreGórahe was assigned to the Polish resistanceArmia KrajowaBiałystokdistrict, and soon afterwards to theNowogródek(Navahrudak) district. For the next few months he fought with the Polish partisans against theNazi Germanforces and theirauxiliary Belarusian collaborator unitsin the vicinity of theNaliboki forest.The unit under his command grew from a meager few dozens to close to 1,000 men by the end of that year.[1]
AfterSoviet partisansbecame hostile towards Polish units loyal to thePolish government in exile,the Soviets dealt several blows to the Poles, arresting most of the local Polish commanders. In December 1943 Pilch reorganized the Polish partisans in the Nowogródek area.[1][2][3]He made a controversial decision to accept a ceasefire with the Germans, and concentrated solely on engaging the Soviet partisans.[3][4]The ceasefire with the Germans had been criticized by the high command of the Armia Krajowa, which ordered Pilch to renounce it; he, however, chose to ignore those orders.[3][4]In June 1944 his unit, numbering about 1,000 men, retreated west in face of the SovietOperation Bagration.At that time, Pilch negotiated an agreement with the command of the Armia Krajowa, which accepted him back into its ranks in return for the end of the ceasefire between Pilch forces and the Germans.[3]He continued fighting in the ranks of the AK against the Germans, primarily in theKampinos forestarea, supporting theWarsaw Uprising.[1]On the night of 2 September 1944 his partisan group carried out a successful attack on formations ofSS RONAstationed in the village ofTruskaw.The SS battalions were defeated and scattered; 250 SS soldiers were killed and 100 wounded, while "Dolina" 's unit suffered only ten killed and ten wounded.[5]
Eventually the advancing Soviet forces forced him to escape west once more. In January 1945 he made his way again to the United Kingdom, where he would settle permanently, unable to return tocommunist-controlled Poland.[1]An activist in the Polish Underground Army's Ex-Servicemens' Association in the United Kingdom, he was finally able to visit Poland after thefall of communismin 1990.[1]
During his time as a member of the resistance, Pilch fought in more than 200 engagements, most of them victorious, and received the Polish military honor the Silver Cross of theVirtuti Militari,in addition to several lesser medals (such as fourCrosses of Valor).[1]
He wrote memoirs of his life as a partisan,Partyzanci trzech puszcz(1992).[6]
His funeral was held inWandsworth,London.[1]
References
edit- ^abcdefghijPeter Martin,Adolf Pilch,The Guardian,Friday 18 February 2000 (obituary). Retrieved 18 March 2009.
- ^ab"Poland and the SOE".Polandinexile.com.Retrieved2012-05-18.
- ^abcd(in Polish)Piotr Głuchowski, Marcin Kowalski,Wojna polsko-ruska pod bokiem niemieckim,Gazeta Wyborcza, 2009-01-13
- ^abTadeusz Piotrowski (1998).Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration With Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947.McFarland. pp. 88–89.ISBN978-0-7864-0371-4.Retrieved18 May2012.
- ^"Powstańcze Biogramy – Adolf Pilch".1944.pl.Retrieved2012-05-18.
- ^Adolf Pilch (1992).Partyzanci trzech puszcz.Editions Spotkania.ISBN9788385195054.Retrieved18 May2012.
Further reading
edit- Ryszard Bielański,"Góra-Dolina" Adolf Pilch,Oficyna Wydawnicza RYTM, 2008,ISBN978-83-7399-255-9
- Adolf Pilch,Partyzanci trzech puszcz,Warszawa Ed. Spotkania, 1992,
- Marian Podgóreczny,Doliniacy,Gdańsk: Dziennikarska Spółdzielnia Pracy "Dziennik Bałtycki", 1991
External links
edit- (in Polish)Pułkownik Adolf Pilch(Archived2009-10-24)
- (in Polish)Grażyna Dziedzińska,Ppłk Adolf Pilch ps. "Góra", "Dolina"Archived2009-02-01 at theWayback Machine
- (in Polish)Grupa Kampinos \ Działania bojowe