Wikipedia

Fritz Stern

Fritz Richard Stern(February 2, 1926 – May 18, 2016) was a German-born AmericanhistorianofGerman history,Jewish historyandhistoriography.He was a University Professor and a provost at New York'sColumbia University.His work focused on the complex relationships betweenGermansandJewsin the 19th and 20th centuries and on the rise ofNational Socialismin Germany during the first half of the 20th century.[1]

Fritz R. Stern
Born(1926-02-02)February 2, 1926
Breslau,Silesia,Weimar Republic
(nowWrocław,Poland)
DiedMay 18, 2016(2016-05-18)(aged 90)
New York, New York,U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma materColumbia University
Scientific career
FieldsHistoriography
InstitutionsColumbia University

Biography

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Stern was born on February 2, 1926, inBreslau,Germany(now Wrocław,Poland), to a locally-prominent medical family ofJewishheritage.[2]His father, Rudolf Stern, was a physician, medical researcher and a veteran of theFirst World War.His mother,Käthe Stern,was a noted theorist, practitioner and reformer in the field of education for young children. Through family, friends, and colleagues, they were connected with a number of leading scientific and cultural figures in Europe and later in the United States For example, when trying to decide on his career objective while in college, Stern discussed choosing between history and medicine withAlbert Einstein.[3]

The family had converted fromJudaismtoLutheranismin the late 19th century and shared the increasingly-secular world view that was frequently found among Germany's educated classes.[2]Stern was baptized shortly after his birth and named after his godfather, another member of Breslau's intellectual élite, theNobel Prize winnerFritz Haber[4](also a Christian convert from Judaism). The Sterns emigrated to the United States in 1938 to escape the virulent anti-Jewish policies ofAdolf Hitler'sNational Socialistgovernment and the increasing violence against allGermans of Jewish ancestry.[2]

The family settled inJackson Heights, Queens,where Stern spent the remainder of his childhood, attended public school and quickly learned English while his parents re-established their respective careers.[5]He then attendedColumbia University,where he received his bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. His professors includedLionel Trilling.[6]

From 1953 to 1997, he served as a professor at Columbia, obtaining the eminentSeth Lowchair before attaining the rank of University Professor. Stern also briefly served asprovostof the university.[2]

Beginning in 1954, Stern taught frequently as a guest lecturer at theFree Universityin West Berlin.

In 1990, he helped persuade British Prime MinisterMargaret Thatcherthat a reunited Germany firmly anchored in the West would pose no threat to the rest of Europe. In 1993 to 1994, Stern served as an adviser to the US ambassador to Germany,Richard Holbrooke.In 2010, Stern spoke at the former German military headquarters building, theBendlerblock,on the 66th anniversary of anassassination attempt on Hitler.[7]

Looking back in January 2016, he told an interviewer, "Sometimes I bemoaned the fact that I had to grow up amid the disintegration of a democracy; now, at the end of life, I am having to experience again the struggles of democracy."[8]

Stern died on May 18, 2016, in New York, at 90.[9]

Scholarship

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The focus of much of Stern's work an attempt to track the development of the rise ofNational SocialisminGermanyand its characteristics. Stern traced the origins ofNazismback to the 19th-centuryvölkischemovement.Stern considered that the virulent anti-Semiticvölkischemovement to have been the result of the "politics of cultural despair" experienced by German intellectuals, who were unable to come to grips with modernity. However, Stern rejected theSonderweginterpretation of German history and considered the ideas of thevölkischemovement to have been merely a "dark undercurrent" in 19th-century German society.

In the 1990s, Stern was a leading critic of the controversial American authorDaniel Goldhagen,whose bookHitler's Willing Executionerswas denounced by Stern as unscholarly and full ofGermanophobia.

Another major area of research for Stern was the history of the Jewish community in Germany and how the Jewish culture influenced German culture and vice versa. In Stern's view, the interaction produced what Stern often called the "Jewish-German symbiosis". In Stern's view, the best example of the "Jewish-German symbiosis" wasAlbert Einstein.

Selected works

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Author

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  • The Politics Of Cultural Despair: A Study In The Rise Of The Germanic Ideology,Berkeley, University of California Press, 1961, 1963. Adapted from Stern's dissertation; essays onPaul de Lagarde,Julius Langbehn,andArthur Moeller van den Bruck.
  • The Failure Of Illiberalism: Essays on the Political Culture of Modern Germany,London, George Allen & Unwin, 1972,ISBN0-04-943019-X.A collection of essays.
  • Gold and Iron: Bismarck, Bleichröder, and the Building of the German Empire,New York: Knopf, 1977,ISBN0-394-49545-4.A dual biography of bankerGerson BleichröderandOtto von Bismarck.
  • Germany 1933: Fifty Years Later,New York: Leo Baeck Institute, 1984.Leo Baeckmemorial lecture.
  • Dreams and Delusions: The Drama Of German History,New York: Knopf, 1987,ISBN0-394-55995-9.A collection of essays.
  • Einstein's German World,Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999,ISBN0-691-05939-X.
  • (in German)Friedenspreis des deutschen Buchhandels: Ansprachen aus Anlass der Verleihung,Frankfurt am Main: Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels e.V. im Verlag der Buchhändler-Vereinigung GmbH, 1999.
  • Five Germanies I Have Known,New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006,ISBN0-374-15540-2.Autobiography.
  • "Imperial Hubris: A German Tale, War, Wilhelm II, and the consequences of leadership",Lapham's Quarterly,Winter 2008.

Co-author

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  • (in German)withHelmut Schmidt,Unser Jahrhundert: Ein Gespräch.C.H. Beck, München, 2010. A conversation between the historian and the former German chancellor
  • with Elizabeth Sifton,No Ordinary Men: Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Hans von Dohnanyi, Resisters against Hitler in Church and State,(New York Review Books Collections: 2013,ISBN978-1-59017-681-8.
Editor
  • The Varieties of History: From Voltaire to the Present,New York: Meridian Books, 1956, 1960, 1972, 1973,ISBN0-394-71962-X.
  • co-edited withLeonard Krieger,The Responsibility of Power: Historical Essays In Honor ofHajo Holborn,London: Macmillan, 1968, 1967. A survey of historiography from the eighteenth century to the twentieth.

Honors

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The Fritz Stern Professorship at theUniversity of Wrocławwas established in his honor in 2009. The first person appointed to hold that chair was former German PresidentRichard von Weizsäcker.[17]

Further reading

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  • Volker Berghahn,"Fritz Stern (1926‒2016)", inCentral European History49 (2016), pp. 308‒321.
  • Andreas Daum,"Refugees from Nazi Germany as Historians: Origins and Migrations, Interests and Identities", inThe Second Generation: Émigrés from Nazi Germany as Historians. With a Biobibliographic Guide,ed. Andreas Daum,Hartmut Lehmann,andJames J. Sheehan,New York: Berghahn Books, 1‒52.

References

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  1. ^Andreas Daum,Hartmut Lehmann,James Sheehan(eds.),The Second Generation: Émigrés from Nazi Germany as Historians. With a Biobibliographic Guide.New York: Berghahn Books, 2016,ISBN978-1-78238-985-9,2, 9, 11, 14, 17, 21, 23, 25, 28‒29, 146‒149, 160‒161, 177‒206, 289‒295, 437‒441 (including a biography, bibliography of works, and comprehensive list of honors and awards).
  2. ^abcd"Fritz Stern, prominent historian and academic, dead at 90".Associated Press.May 18, 2016.RetrievedMay 19,2016.
  3. ^Grimes, William (May 18, 2016)."Fritz Stern, a Leading Historian on Modern Germany, Dies at 90".New York Times.RetrievedMay 20,2016.
  4. ^Hannes Stein(May 18, 2016)."Er war der Schutzengel der freien Welt: Wer wissen will, was westliche Werte sind, muss Fritz Stern lesen. Zeit seines Lebens hat der erzliberale Historiker gegen den Kulturpessimismus angeschrieben. Nun ist er gestorben. Ein Nachruf... (He was the guardian angel of the free world: Anyone wishing to know western values must read Fritz Stern. During his lifetime the arch-liberal historian wrote against cultural pessimism. Now he is dead. An obituary...) ".Die Welt.Die Welt(online).RetrievedMay 28,2016.
  5. ^Fritz Stern, "Not exile, but a new life", inThe Second Generation: Émigrés from Nazi Germany as Historians,ed.Andreas Daum,Hartmut Lehmann,James Sheehan.New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 79‒81.
  6. ^ Judt, Tony(September 20, 2007)."Anything But Shy".London Review of Books.29(18).RetrievedNovember 8,2011.
  7. ^Ansprache von Prof. em. Dr. Fritz Stern, New York/USAArchivedAugust 15, 2012, at theWayback Machine.In:bmi.bund.de.Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  8. ^Schmitt-Tegge, Johannes (January 28, 2016)."Historiker Fritz Stern:" Wir stehen vor einem Zeitalter der Angst "Interview".Greenpeace-Magazin(in German). Archived fromthe originalon February 1, 2016.RetrievedMay 18,2016.
  9. ^"Stern, a star German-American historian, is dead".Deutsche Welle.May 18, 2016.RetrievedMay 17,2016.
  10. ^"Fritz Richard Stern".American Academy of Arts & Sciences.RetrievedApril 28,2022.
  11. ^"Bisherige Preisträger".University of Tübingen(in German).RetrievedDecember 31,2016.
  12. ^"APS Member History".search.amphilsoc.org.RetrievedApril 28,2022.
  13. ^"Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels"(in German).RetrievedMay 19,2016.
  14. ^Johnson, Don Hanlon (2008).The Meaning of Life in the 21st Century: Tensions Among Science, Religion and Experience.Yoko Civilization Research Institute. p. 61.ISBN978-0-595-45188-3.RetrievedMay 20,2016.
  15. ^"Deutscher Nationalpreis 2005"(in German).RetrievedMay 19,2016.
  16. ^BundespräsidentHorst Köhler(September 28, 2006)."Laudati"(in German). Archived fromthe originalon October 7, 2007.
  17. ^"Former German President awarded the Fritz Stern Professorship of Wrocław".March 23, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon August 20, 2016.RetrievedMay 19,2016.
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