Kalyāṇī Ordination Hall(Burmese:ကလျာဏီသိမ်,Pali:Kalyāṇī Sīmā) is a Buddhistordination halllocated inBago, Myanmar.The ordination hall is a major pilgrimage site,[1]and houses theKalyani Inscriptions,a set of 10 sandstone pillars inscribed inPaliandMonin 1480.[2][3]Theinscriptionsare important records ofTheravadahistory of Buddhismand of that era.[3]
| Kalyani Ordination Hall | |
|---|---|
ကလျာဏီသိမ် | |
 The Kalyani Ordination Hall in 1907 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Buddhism |
| Sect | Theravada Buddhism |
| Region | Bago Region |
| Year consecrated | 24 November 1476 9th waxing ofNadaw838ME |
| Location | |
| Municipality | Bago |
| Country | Myanmar |
  Shown within Myanmar | |
| Geographic coordinates | 17°19′59″N96°27′52″E/ 17.333145°N 96.464378°E |
| Architecture | |
| Founder | Dhammazedi |
| Completed | 22 November 1476[note 1] 7th waxing of Nadaw 838 ME |
History
editTheordination hallwas first built by KingDhammazediof theHanthawaddy Kingdomin 1476 to re-ordainthe kingdom's Buddhist monks, in an effort to purify the kingdom'sSangha,which had undergone several internalschisms.[4]To this end, in 1476,Dhammazedisent 22 senior monks and their disciples toSri Lanka,where they were re-ordained at theKelaniya Raja Maha Vihara.[4]After the monks had returned, Dhammazedi built the Kalyani Ordination Hall, which derives its name from theKelani Riverin Sri Lanka.[5][4]The construction of the first Kalyani Ordination Hall spurred construction of similarly-named Kalyani Ordination Halls; throughout the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, 9 large ones and 107 small ones were constructed.[5]
The ordination hall was destroyed several times.Portuguese explorersburnt the structure in 1599, and KingAlaungpayadestroyed the hall during his invasion of Bago in 1757.[4][6]The ordination hall was also destroyed by fires and earthquakes, including an earthquake in 1930 that levelled the structure completely.[6]The extant ordination hall was reconstructed in 1954.[4]
Notes
edit- ^(Taw 1892: 92): Construction of the ordination hall was completed on Saturday [sic], the 7th waxing of Migasira (Nadaw) 838 ME (Friday, 22 November 1476); King Dhammazedi visited the hall on the 8th waxing (23 November 1476); and the hall formally received the name Kalyani Sima, and per (Taw 1892: 95, 97) hosted the first re-ordination ceremony on the 9th waxing (24 November 1476).
References
edit- ^Carbine, Jason A. (2011).Sons of the Buddha: Continuities and Ruptures in a Burmese Monastic Tradition.Walter de Gruyter.ISBN9783110254105.
- ^Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (2012).Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places.Routledge.ISBN9781136639791.
- ^abSouth, Mr Ashley (2013).Mon Nationalism and Civil War in Burma: The Golden Sheldrake.Routledge.ISBN9781136129544.
- ^abcdeDe Thabrew, W. Vivian (2014).Buddhist Monuments And Temples Of Myanmar And Thailand.AuthorHouse.ISBN9781491896228.
- ^abChaturawong, Chotima; Weerakoon, Tawan; Yasi, Pongpon (2018-06-25)."Ayutthaya and Burma".NAJUA: Architecture, Design and Built Environment.33:A27–A54.ISSN2697-4665.
- ^abWright, Colin (26 March 2009)."Kalyani Sima, [Pegu]".British Library.Retrieved2016-11-28.
Bibliography
edit- Sein Ko Taw (1892).The Kalyani Inscriptions Erected by King Dhammaceti at Pegu in 1476 A.D. Text and Translation(PDF).Rangoon: The Superintendent, Government Printing, Burma.