Wikipedia

Len Wein

Leonard Norman Wein[1](/wiːn/;June 12, 1948 – September 10, 2017) was an American comic book writer and editor best known for co-creatingDC Comics'Swamp ThingandMarvel Comics'Wolverine,and for helping revive the Marvelsuperheroteam theX-Men(including the co-creation ofNightcrawler,Storm,andColossus). Additionally, he was the editor for writerAlan Mooreand illustratorDave Gibbons' influential DCminiseriesWatchmen.

Len Wein
Wein (right), withSwamp Thingcosplayer,atCONvergence2005
BornLeonard Norman Wein
(1948-06-12)June 12, 1948
New York City,U.S.
DiedSeptember 10, 2017(2017-09-10)(aged 69)
Los Angeles,California,U.S.
Area(s)Writer, Editor
Notable works
Swamp Thing
Wolverine
X-Men
The Human Target
Justice League
AwardsShazam Award,1972, 1973
Inkpot Award,1979
Comics Buyers GuideAward, 1982
Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame,2008
Spouse(s)Glynis Oliver(c.1972–1985)
Christine Valada
​
(m.1991)​

Wein was inducted into theWill Eisner Comic Book Hall of Famein 2008.[2]

Early life and education

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Wein was born on June 12, 1948, in New York City,[1]and was raised in aJewishhousehold.[3]One of two children of Phillip and Rosalyn (née Bauman) Wein,[4]he lived inThe Bronxuntil age 7, when he moved with his family toLevittown, New York,onLong Island.There he graduated fromDivision Avenue High Schoolin 1966, and went on to an art degree from nearbyFarmingdale State College.[5]Wein's younger brother, Michael, died in 2007.[4]

In a 2003 interview, Len Wein recalled having been "a very sickly kid. While I was in the hospital at age seven, my dad brought me a stack of comic books to keep me occupied. And I was hooked. When my eighth grade art teacher, Mr. Smedley, told me he thought I had actual art talent, I decided to devote all my efforts in that direction in the hope that I might someday get into the comics biz."[6]

Approximately once a month, as a teenager, Wein and his friendMarv WolfmantookDC Comics' weekly Thursday afternoon tour of the company's offices.[6]Wolfman was active infanzineculture,[7]and together he and Wein produced sample superhero stories to show to the DC editorial staff. At that point, Wein was more interested in becoming an artist than a writer.[8]In a 2008 interview, Wein said his origins as an artist have helped him "describe art to an artist so that I can see it all in my own head", and claimed he "used to have artists, especially at DC, guys likeIrv Novickand a few of the others, who would come into the office waiting for their next assignment and ask [editor]Julie Schwartz,'Do you have any Len Wein scripts lying around? He's always easy to draw.' "[8]

Career

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DC editorJoe Orlandohired both Wolfman and Wein as freelance writers.[8]Wein's first professional comics story was "Eye of the Beholder" in DC'sTeen Titans#18 (Dec. 1968), for which he co-created, with Wolfman,Red Star,the first official Russian superhero in the DC universe.Neal Adamswas called upon to rewrite and redraw aTeen Titansstory which had been written by Wein and Wolfman. The story, titled "Titans Fit the Battle of Jericho!", would have introduced DC's first African American superhero but was rejected by publisherCarmine Infantino.[9]The revised story appeared inTeen Titans#20 (April 1969).

Later that year, Wein was writinganthologicalmystery stories for DC'sThe House of SecretsandMarvel'sTower of ShadowsandChamber of Darkness.He additionally began writing for DC'sromancecomicSecret Heartsand the company's toyline tie-inHot Wheels;Skywald Publications'horror-comics magazinesNightmareandPsychoand its short-livedWesterncomic booksThe BravadosandThe Sundance Kid;andGold Key Comics'Mod Wheels,Boris KarloffTales of Mystery,the toyline tie-inMicrobots,[10]and theTV-seriestie-insStar TrekandThe Twilight Zone.

DC and Marvel Comics

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Wein's firstsuperherowork for Marvel was a one-off story inDaredevil#71 (Dec. 1970) co-written with staff writer/editorRoy Thomas.Wein later began scripting sporadic issues of such DC superhero titles asAdventure Comics(featuringSupergirlandZatanna),The Flash,andSuperman,while continuing to write anthological mysteries, along with well-received stories for the semi-anthologicalocculttitleThePhantom Stranger#14–26 (Aug. 1971 – Sept. 1973).

Wein and artistBernie Wrightsoncreated thehorrorcharacter theSwamp ThinginThe House of Secrets#92 (July 1971).[11]Over the next several decades, the Swamp Thing would star in DC series and miniseries – including an initial 1972–76 series begun by Wein and Wrightson,[12]and the early 1980sThe Saga of the Swamp Thing,edited by Wein and featuring early work by writerAlan Moore—as well as two theatrical films, and asyndicatedtelevision series.Abigail Arcane,a major supporting character in the character's mythos, was introduced by Wein and Wrightson inSwamp Thing#3 (March 1973).[13]Wein wrote the second story featuringMan-Thing(written circa May 1971, published in June 1972), introducingBarbara Morseand the concept that "Whatever Knows Fear Burns at the Man-Thing's Touch!", and later editedSteve Gerber's run on that title.

Wein wrote a well-regarded run ofJustice League of America(issues #100–114) wherein, together with artistDick Dillin,he re-introduced theSeven Soldiers of Victoryin issues #100–102[14]and theFreedom Fightersin issues #107–108.[15]Libra,asupervillaincreated by Wein and Dillin inJustice League of America#111 (June 1974),[16]would play a leading role inGrant Morrison'sFinal Crisisstoryline in 2008.

In the fall of 1972, Wein and writersGerry ConwayandSteve Englehartcrafted ametafictionalunofficialcrossoverspanning titles from both major comics companies. Each comic featured Englehart, Conway, and Wein, as well as Wein's first wifeGlynis,interacting withMarvel or DC characters at theRutland Halloween ParadeinRutland, Vermont.Beginning in Marvel'sAmazing Adventures#16 (by Englehart with art byBob BrownandFrank McLaughlin), the story continued in DC'sJustice League of America#103 (by Wein, Dillin andDick Giordano), and concluded in Marvel'sThor#207 (by Conway and pencilerJohn Buscema).[17][18]As Englehart explained in 2010, "It certainly seemed like a radical concept and we knew that we had to be subtle (laughs) and each story had to stand on its own, but we really worked it out. It's really worthwhile to read those stories back to back to back – it didn't matter to us that one was at DC and two were at Marvel – I think it was us being creative, thinking what would be really cool to do."[19]

Wein co-created theHuman Targetwith artistCarmine Infantino[20]and wrote the character's appearances as a backup feature inAction Comics,Detective Comics,andThe Brave and the Bold.The character was adapted into a short-livedABCtelevision seriesstarringRick Springfieldwhich debuted in July 1992,[21]and was briefly revived in 2010 for atwo-season seriesonFoxthat starredMark Valley,Chi McBride,andJackie Earle Haley.

He briefly wrote the "Batman"feature inDetective Comicsand produced a storyline with artistJim Aparoand in which Batman was framed for the murder ofTalia al Ghul[22]and battledSterling Silversmithfor the first time.[23]

In the early 1970s, Wein began writing regularly for Marvel Comics. He succeededRoy Thomasas editor-in-chief of the color-comics line in 1974, staying a little over a year before handing the reins to Wolfman. Remaining at Marvel as a writer, Wein had lengthy runs onMarvel Team-Up,[24]The Amazing Spider-Man,[25]The Incredible Hulk,Thor,andFantastic Four,as well as shorter runs on such titles asThe Defenders[26]and "Brother Voodoo".Wein co-createdWolverinewith artistJohn Romita Sr.during his run onThe Incredible Hulk.[27]Wein's story "Between Hammer and Anvil" fromThe Incredible Hulkvol. 2, #182 (Dec. 1974) was later cited inTony Isabella's book1,000 Comics You Must Read.[28]

In 1975, he and artistDave Cockrumrevived theStan Lee/Jack Kirbymutant-superhero team theX-Menafter a half-decade's hiatus, reformatting the membership inGiant-Size X-Men#1 (May 1975).[29]Among the characters the duo created for the series wereNightcrawler,Storm,Colossus,andThunderbird.Wein plotted the early "new X-Men" stories with artist Cockrum. These issues were then scripted asUncanny X-Men#94-95 byChris Claremont,who subsequently developed the title into one of Marvel's leading franchises. In 2009, Claremont said, "The history of modern comics would be incredibly different if you took [Wein's] contributions out of the mix. The fact he doesn't get credit for it half the time is disgraceful. We owe a lot of what we are – certainly on the X-Men – to Len and to Dave [Cockrum]".[30]

Return to DC

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In 1977, following an offer to script the "Batman"feature inDetective Comics,Wein left Marvel to work exclusively at DC Comics as a scriptwriter and editor.

Len Wein in July 1982

He scriptedBatmanand collaborated onGreen Lanternwith artistsDave GibbonsandMark Farmer.On his first issue ofBatman,#307 (Jan. 1979), he created Wayne Foundation executiveLucius Fox,[31]later portrayed byMorgan Freemanin the moviesBatman Begins,The Dark Knight,andThe Dark Knight Rises.With artistMarshall Rogers,Wein co-created the third version of the supervillainClayfaceinDetective Comics#478 (Aug. 1978).[32]He wroteThe Untold Legend of the Batman,the first Batmanminiseries,in 1980[33]and the following year wrote aDC-Marvel crossoverbetween Batman and theHulkinDC Special Series#27 (Fall 1981).[34]Pandora Pannwas a proposed series by Wein and artistRoss Andruwhich was to have been published in 1982 but other commitments prevented Wein from writing it and theproject was cancelled.[35]As editor, he worked on the first twelve-issue limited seriesCamelot 3000,and such successful series asThe New Teen Titans,All-Star Squadron,Batman and the Outsiders,Who's Who in the DC Universe,andAlan MooreandDave Gibbons's acclaimed and highly influentialWatchmen.[36]In 1986, he wrote a revival of theBlue Beetle,[37]two issues of theDC Challengelimited series,[38]and dialogued the miniseriesLegendsover the plots ofJohn Ostrander.[39]The following year, Wein scripted the rebootedWonder Womanseries overpencillerGeorge Pérez's plots. With artistSteve Erwin,Wein co-created the superheroGunfire.

Later career

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Following his second stint at DC and a move to the West Coast, Wein served as editor-in-chief ofDisney Comicsfor three years in the early 1990s. After leaving Disney, Wein began writing and story editing for such animated television series asX-Men,Batman,Spider-Man,Street Fighter,ExoSquad,Phantom 2040,Godzilla,Pocket Dragon Adventures,ReBootandWar Planets: Shadow Raiders.In 2001, he and Wolfman wrote the screenplayGene Poolfor the production company Helkon, and later wrote a prequel to the screenplay for a one-shot comic book forIDW Publishing.

Wein collaborated with writerKurt Busiekand artistKelley Joneson the four-issueminiseriesConan: The Book of ThothforDark Horse Comics.He scripted the comics seriesThe Victorianfor Penny-Farthing Press and wrote comic-book stories forBongo Comics' TV-series tie-insThe SimpsonsandFuturama.

From 2005 to 2008, Wein appeared as a recurring panelist on the Los Angeles-based stage revival of the TV game showWhat's My Line?He wrote episodes of theCartoon Networkanimated seriesBen 10: Alien Force,Ben 10: Ultimate Alien,Ben 10: Omniverse[40]and theMarvel Super Hero Squad.[40]

Wein was interviewed for commentary tracks on comics-related DVDs, including the animatedJustice League: The New Frontierfilm, the live-actionSpider-Man,Fantastic FourandX-Menfilms, theX-Men Origins: Wolverinefilm, theWatchmenfilm, theSwamp ThingTV-series sets, theHuman Targetfirst season TV series, and the July 2008History ChannelspecialsBatman UnmaskedandBatman Tech.[41]

He wrote the storyline for theWatchmenvideo game,The End Is Nigh,which serves as a backstory to both the comic and the film adaptation.[42]

Wein in 2011

Wein returned to comics writing for DC in the late 2000s,[43]where he collaborated in the DC Comics nostalgic eventDC Retroactivewriting stories for theone-shotspecialsBatman – The '70s(September 2011) drawn byTom Mandrake[44]andGreen Lantern – The '80s(October 2011) drawn byJoe Staton.The hardcover collection of his 10-issueDC Universe: Legacieswas published in August 2011.[45]In 2012, Wein worked on theBefore Watchmenproject, writing the mini-seriesOzymandiaswith art byJae Leeand the serialized feature "Curse of the Crimson Corsair"with art byWatchmencoloristJohn Higgins.[46]The hardcover collection of theOzymandiasstoryline spent several weeks on theNew York TimesBestseller List in 2013.[47]In 2015, he andJosé Luis García-LópezproducedBatman '66: The Lost Episode,a comics adaptation of aTwo-Facestory pitch byHarlan Ellisonoriginally intended for theBatmantelevision series.[48]In 2016, DC published a six-issue limitedSwamp Thingseries by Wein and artistKelley Jones.

Personal life

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Wein's first wife wasGlynis Oliver,[49]a comicscoloristwho spent years on theX-Mentitles; they were married some time prior to 1972. Following their 1985 divorce,[50]he married Christine Valada, a photographer and attorney, in 1991, and became stepfather to Michael Bieniewicz-Valada.[1]

On April 6, 2009, Wein's California home burned down with considerable loss of property and mementos, including hisShazam Awards.He and his wife also lost their dog, Sheba, to the fire.[51]Beginning October 26, 2009, Valada appeared on and won the television game showJeopardy!,becoming a four-time champion with winnings of over $60,000. She indicated on the show that she would use the money to recover or replace much of the artwork and books the couple lost in the fire.[52]

Wein underwent triple-bypass heart surgery on February 10, 2015.[53]He died on September 10, 2017.[1]

Awards

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Bibliography

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Bongo Comics

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Comico

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DC Comics

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Dark Horse

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  • Conan:The Book of Thoth#1–4 (with Kurt Busiek) (2006)

Defiant Comics

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Disney Comics

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Eclipse Comics

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Gold Key

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IDW Publishing

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  • Gene PoolOGN (with Marv Wolfman) (2003)

Image Comics

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  • 21#1–3 (1996)
  • Cyberforce/Strykeforce:Opposing Forces#2 (with Steve Gerber) (1995)
  • Outlaw Territory(anthology) Volume 2 (2011)
  • SupremeAnnual#1 (1995)

Marvel Comics

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Skywald Publications

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  • Blazing Six-Guns#1–2 (1971)
  • Bravados#1 (1971)
  • Nightmare#1 (1970)
  • Sundance Kid#1 (1971)

Warren Publishing

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Television

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^abcdGenzlinger, Neil (September 11, 2017)."Len Wein, Influential Comic Book Writer, Dies at 69".The New York Times.RetrievedSeptember 12,2017.
  2. ^"Past Recipients- 2000s".Comic-con International: San Diego.SAN DIEGO COMIC CONVENTION. Archived fromthe originalon October 6, 2014.RetrievedOctober 26,2022.
  3. ^Wolfman, Marv (n.d.)."Speaking With Len Wein Part Two".MarvWolfman.com.Archivedfrom the original on December 26, 2013.
  4. ^ab"Michael S. Wein".Mesabi Daily News.Virginia, Minnesota.March 7, 2007.Archivedfrom the original on September 12, 2017.RetrievedSeptember 12,2017.
  5. ^Lovece, Frank (September 12, 2017)."Len Wein, 'Wolverine' comics co-creator, dies; ex-Levittown resident was 69".Newsday.New York City/Long Island.RetrievedSeptember 12,2017.
  6. ^abWolfman, Marv(March 30, 2003)."Speaking With... Len Wein"."What Th--?" (column).Comics Bulletin.Archived fromthe originalon May 25, 2024.
  7. ^Siegel, Howard P. "Made in America,"BEM#16 (Dec. 1977).
  8. ^abcStroud, Bryan D. (2008)."Len Wein Interview".The Silver Age Sage.Archivedfrom the original on November 2, 2013.
  9. ^Cronin, Brian (2009).Was Superman a Spy?: And Other Comic Book Legends Revealed.New York, New York:Plume.ISBN9780452295322.
  10. ^Friedt, Stephan (October 2014). "Here Come the Microbots".Back Issue!(76). Raleigh, North Carolina:TwoMorrows Publishing:11–13.
  11. ^McAvennie 2010,p. 146: "Swamp Thing' was the name of Len Wein and Bernie Wrightson's turn-of-the-century tale, and its popularity with readers led a modernized version of the character into his own series a year later."
  12. ^McAvennie 2010,p. 153: "Following his debut inHouse of Secrets#92 in 1971, the Swamp Thing grew into his own series, albeit with a reimagining of his origins by writer Len Wein and artist Bernie Wrightson. "
  13. ^McAvennie 2010,p. 154: "Scribe Len Wein and artist Bernie Wrightson left Swamp Thing some company... the woman who would become Swamp Thing's soul mate, Abigail Arcane."
  14. ^McAvennie 2010,p. 152: "Through an impromptu team-up of the JLA and the Justice Society on Earth-2, writer Len Wein and artist Dick Dillin ushered in the return of DC's Seven Soldiers of Victory."
  15. ^McAvennie 2010,p. 156: "The annual Justice League-Justice Society get-together resulted in scribe Len Wein and artist Dick Dillin transporting both teams to the alternate reality of Earth-X. There, Nazi Germany ruled after winning a prolonged World War II and only a group of champions called the Freedom Fighters remained to oppose the regime."
  16. ^McAvennie 2010,p. 160: "Through the words of scripter Len Wein and the art of Dick Dillin, the masked menace of Libra established himself as a grave threat to the World's Greatest Heroes."
  17. ^Cronin, Brian (October 1, 2010)."Comic Book Legends Revealed #280".Comic Book Resources.Archived fromthe originalon January 16, 2012.RetrievedDecember 5,2011.
  18. ^Amazing Adventures#16 (Jan. 1973),Justice League of America#103 (Dec. 1972),andThor#207 (Jan. 1973)at the Grand Comics Database
  19. ^Larnick, Eric (October 30, 2010)."The Rutland Halloween Parade: Where Marvel and DC First Collided".ComicsAlliance.Archived fromthe originalon January 11, 2012.RetrievedDecember 5,2011.
  20. ^McAvennie 2010,p. 153: "Starting as a back-up feature in the pages ofAction Comics,scribe Len Wein and artist Carmine Infantino introduced Christopher Chance, a master of disguise who would turn himself into a human target – provided you could meet his price. "
  21. ^"Human Target".TV Guide.n.d.Archivedfrom the original on February 5, 2015.RetrievedJanuary 31,2011.
  22. ^Manning 2014,p. 118: "Len Wein and artist Jim Aparo began a five-issue uninterrupted storyline that was quite an event in 1975. In this interesting tale, Batman was framed for murder by his old enemy Ra's al Ghul."
  23. ^Manning 2014,p. 118.
  24. ^Manning & Cowsill 2012,p. 68.
  25. ^Manning & Cowsill 2012,p. 85: "To signify the start of this new era Spider-Man's new regular chronicler writer Len Wein would come onboard with [The Amazing Spider-Man#151]. "
  26. ^DeAngelo, Daniel (July 2013). "The Not-Ready-For-Super-Team Players A History of the Defenders".Back Issue!(65). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 6–7.
  27. ^Sanderson 2008,p. 167: "Len Wein wrote and Herb Trimpe drew Wolverine's cameo appearance inThe Incredible Hulk#180 and his premiere in issue #181. "
  28. ^Buttery, Jarrod (February 2014). "Hulk Smash!: The Incredible Hulk in the 1970s".Back Issue!(70). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 11–12.
  29. ^Sanderson 2008,p. 169: "[Editor Roy] Thomas realized that ifX-Menwas to be successfully revived, it needed an exciting new concept. Thomas came up with just such an idea: the X-Men would become an international team, with members from other countries as well as the United States. Writer Len Wein and artist Dave Cockrum were assigned to the new project and the result wasGiant-Size X-Men#1. "
  30. ^Krug, Kurt Anthony (April 22, 2009)."Legends: Chris Claremont".Mania.com. Archived fromthe originalon May 12, 2013.
  31. ^McAvennie 2010,p. 180: "Batman#307 (Jan. 1979) Writer Len Wein and artist John Calnan introduced Bruce Wayne's new executive, Lucius Fox, in this issue ofBatman."
  32. ^McAvennie 2010,p. 179: "Writer Len Wein and artist Marshall Rogers vividly depicted Batman's battle with a third Clayface."
  33. ^Manning 2010,p. 187: "Written by Len Wein, with art by John Byrne and Jim Aparo,The Untold Legend of the Batman... delved into the origin of the fabled Dark Knight. "
  34. ^Manning 2010,p. 195: "Written by Len Wein and illustrated by José Luis García-López, the comic saw... Batman and the Hulk doing battle with both the Joker and Marvel's ultra-powerful Shaper of Worlds."
  35. ^Mangels, Andy(February 2011). "Opening the Box: Pandora Pann's Lost Adventures".Back Issue!(46). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 37.
  36. ^Len Wein (editor)at theGrand Comics Database
  37. ^Manning 2010,p. 219: "The Blue Beetle swung into his own DC series with the help of writer Len Wein and artist Paris Cullins."
  38. ^Greenberger, Robert(August 2017). "It Sounded Like a Good Idea at the Time: A Look at theDC Challenge!".Back Issue!(98). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 36–43.
  39. ^Manning 2010,p. 221: "DC's next big crossover showcased John Byrne's pencils on all six of the miniseries' issues. EntitledLegends,this new limited series was plotted by writer John Ostrander and scripted by Len Wein.... By the series' end, the stage was set for several new ongoing titles, including... theSuicide Squad,as well as theJustice League."
  40. ^abRogers, Vaneta (May 18, 2010)."Len Wein Retells 75 Years of DCU History inLegacies".Newsarama.Archivedfrom the original on December 25, 2013.RetrievedFebruary 1,2011.
  41. ^Wein, Len (July 15, 2008)."Tivo Alert!".WeinWords.Archivedfrom the original on December 29, 2013.RetrievedFebruary 1,2011.
  42. ^Totilo, Stephen (July 23, 2008)."WatchmenVideo Game Preview: Rorschach And Nite Owl Star In Subversive Prequel Set In 1970s ".MTV News.Archived fromthe originalon October 26, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 31,2011.
  43. ^"Dan Didio TalksLegacies,Who's Who".DC Comics. January 7, 2010.Archivedfrom the original on December 26, 2013.
  44. ^DC Retroactive: Batman – The '70sat the Grand Comics Database
  45. ^Wein, Len (2011).DC Universe: Legacies.DC Comics. p. 336.ISBN9781401231330.
  46. ^Hyde, David (February 1, 2012)."DC Entertainment Officially AnnouncesBefore Watchmen".DC Comics.Archivedfrom the original on July 2, 2012.RetrievedAugust 4,2012.
  47. ^"The New York TimesBest Seller list Hardcover Graphic Books ".The New York Times.July 28, 2013.Archivedfrom the original on December 16, 2013.
  48. ^Schedeen, Jesse (November 20, 2014)."Batman '66:The Lost Episode #1 Review ".IGN.Archivedfrom the original on November 23, 2014.Writer Harlan Ellison got as far as pitching a Two-Face-themed episode before the combination of the villain's gruesome appearance and Ellison's conflicts with ABC executives killed the idea. Decades later, that pitch has become the inspiration for this oversizedBatman '66comic.
  49. ^Thomas, Roy. "Bullpen Bulletins".Marvel comics cover-dated January 1974.
  50. ^"Glynis Oliver (b. 1949)".Grand Comics Database.Spouse - Len Wein (b. 1948). Notes: Divorced in 1985.
  51. ^Evanier, Mark(April 6, 2009)."Dreadful News".News From ME.Archivedfrom the original on September 17, 2015.
  52. ^Valada, Christine."Christine Valada".J-Archive.com.Archivedfrom the original on September 12, 2015.RetrievedMarch 28,2010.
  53. ^Evanier, Mark (February 10, 2015)."A Public Plea".News From ME.Archivedfrom the original on September 17, 2015.
  54. ^"1972 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards".Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. n.d.Archivedfrom the original on September 8, 2015.
  55. ^"1973 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards".Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. n.d.Archivedfrom the original on September 8, 2015.
  56. ^abcMiller, John Jackson (July 19, 2005)."GOETHE/COMIC FAN ART AWARD WINNERS, 1971-74".Comics Buyer's Guide.Archived fromthe originalon September 20, 2010.
  57. ^"Inkpot Award Winners".Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac.Archivedfrom the original on July 9, 2012.
  58. ^"Comics Buyer's Guide 1996 Annual". Krause Publications. 1995. pp. 30–31.
  59. ^"Past Stoker Award Nominees & Winners".Horror Writers Association.n.d. Archived fromthe originalon August 24, 2000.
  60. ^Estrada, Jackie (July 31, 2008)."Jackie Estrada on the 2008 Eisner Awards".The Comics Reporter.Archivedfrom the original on April 6, 2012.

Sources

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Preceded by Marvel Comics Editor-in-Chief
1974–1975 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
n/a
 Swamp Thingwriter
1972–1974 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Justice League of Americawriter
1972–1974 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Gerry Conwayand Roy Thomas
 The Incredible Hulkwriter
1974–1977 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Gerry Conway
 The Amazing Spider-Manwriter
1975–1978 		Succeeded by
Marv Wolfman
Preceded by Thorwriter
1975–1978
(with Marv Wolfman in 1976) 		Succeeded by
Roy Thomas
Preceded by
Mike Friedrich
 Iron Manwriter
1976
(withRoger Sliferin part of the run) 		Succeeded by
Bill Mantlo
Preceded by
Gerry Conway
 Fantastic Fourwriter
1977–1978 		Succeeded by
Marv Wolfman
Preceded by Detective Comicswriter
1978 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Justice League of Americaeditor
1979–1984 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Ross Andru
 The Flasheditor
1979–1982 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Ross Andru
 Wonder Womaneditor
1979–1982 		Succeeded by
Marv Wolfman
Preceded by World's Finest Comicseditor
1981–1982 		Succeeded by
Mike W. Barr
Preceded by
n/a
 The New Teen Titanseditor
1980–1983 		Succeeded by
Marv Wolfman andGeorge Pérez
Preceded by
n/a
 All-Star Squadroneditor
1981–1982 		Succeeded by
Roy Thomas
Preceded by
n/a
 Saga of the Swamp Thingeditor
1982–1984 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
n/a
 Watchmeneditor
1986–1987 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Wonder Womanwriter
1987–1988 		Succeeded by
George Pérez
Preceded by Justice League of Americawriter
2009–2009 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Len_Wein&oldid=1237987814"