Wikipedia

NearLink

NearLink(Chinese:Tinh thiểm;also known asSparkLinkand formerlyGreentooth) is a short-rangewirelesstechnology protocol, which was developed by the NearLink Alliance, led byHuaweito set up on September 22, 2020.[1][2]As of September 2023, the Alliance has more than 300 enterprises and institutions on board, which includeautomotivemanufacturers,chipand module manufacturers,applicationdevelopers,ICTcompanies, andresearchinstitutions.[3][4]

NearLink
NearLink logo
Developed byNearLink Alliance
Introduced4 November 2022;2 years ago(2022-11-04)
IndustryPersonal area networks
Compatible hardwareSmartphones
Personal computers
Audio devices
Embedded devices
Internet of things
Internet of vehicles
Websitehttp://www.sparklink.org.cn/

On November 4, 2022, the Alliance released theSparkLink Short-range Wireless Communications Standard 1.0,which incorporates two modes of access, namely, SparkLink Low Energy (SLE) and SparkLink Basic (SLB),[5][6]to integrate the features of traditional wireless technologies, such asBluetoothandWi-Fi,with enhanced prerequisites forlatency,power consumption, coverage, and security.[7][4][8]

The Alliance unveiled the Standard 2.0 on March 30, 2024, which enhances end-to-end protocol system and extends application standards, supporting native audio and video capabilities, human-computer interaction, and positioning applications.[9]

NearLink employs theCyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(Cyclic Prefix-OFDM) waveform to addresslatencyissues in various applications. The waveform features an ultra-short frame structure and a flexible scheduling scheme oftime-domainresources, reducing transmission latency to approximately 20 microseconds. In addition, NearLink appliespolar codesand adoptsHybrid Automatic Repeat-reQuest(HARQ) schemes to support applications with high reliability requirements, such as industrialclosed-loop controlapplications for automated assembly lines, where reliability requirements are at least 99.999%.[1]

The first product to feature NearLink technology was theHuawei Mate 60 seriessmartphone introduced by Huawei on August 29, 2023,[10][11]followed by FreeBuds Pro 3 on November 25, 2023, M-Pencil 3rd gen with the MatePad 13.2 tablet on 14 December 2023,[12][13]and thePura 70 serieson April 18, 2024.[14][15]

History

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On September 22, 2020, the SparkLight Alliance was established to formulate the NearLink short-range wireless technology standard.[16]

By the end of 2021, the NearLink 1.0 standards were finalized, establishing a core end-to-end architecture that includes the NearLink access layer, basic service layer, and basic application layer.[17]

On November 4, 2022, the SparkLink Alliance officially released theSparkLink Short-range Wireless Communications Standard 1.0,which covers two modes of access: SLB (SparkLink Basic) and SLE (SparkLink Low Energy). They also unveiled "The White Paper for Promotion of SparkLink Short-Range Wireless Communication (SparkLink 1.0) for Industrial Use."[18][19]

On August 4, 2023, Huawei officially unveiled the NearLink short-range wireless communication technology at the Developer Conference, providing a new wireless communication method forHarmonyOS.[20][21]

On August 29, 2023, Huawei released the Huawei Mate 60 series smartphones, which are equipped with NearLink technology.[10]

On September 25, 2023, at Huawei's Autumn Full-Scenario New Products Launch event, a new range of products supporting NearLink technology were unveiled. These products include theHuawei MatePad Pro13.2-inch tablet, the third-generation M-Pencilstylus,and theFreeBuds Pro 3earbuds.[22][23][24]

On March 30, 2024, the Intelligent Car Connectivity Industry Ecosystem Alliance ( "ICCE Alliance" ) and the NearLink Alliance jointly released theICCE Alliance Digital Key System Part 6: NearLink System Requirementsduring the 2024 International NearLink Alliance Industry Summit ". The Requirements were formulated by various parties includingHuawei,BYD,Changan,GAC,FAW,etc.[25]

On November 12, 2024, Huawei released a beta version of HarmonyOS 5.0.1 targeted for developers that has full support of native NearLink Kit API integration of the operating system for third party applications support.[26]

System structure

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The system structure of NearLink technology mainly consists of three layers: the physical layer, the data link layer, and the network layer.[27][28]

  1. Physical Layer: the core layer of NearLink technology, primarily responsible for the transmission and reception of high-frequency signals. The physical layer uses GFSK modulation and PSK modulation of different orders. In addition the physical layer has forward error correction (FEC) based on Polar codes.
  2. Data Link Layer: primarily responsible for packaging and unpacking data, as well as data validation and error correction.
  3. Network Layer: mainly responsible for data routing and forwarding, ensuring that data is correctly transmitted to its intended destination.

Access modes

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NearLink incorporates two access modes, namely SparkLink Low Energy ( "SLE" )[Note 1]and SparkLink Basic ( "SLB" ).[Note 2][5][6]

  • The SLE mode is mainly aimed at low-power, low-latency, and high-reliability application scenarios, such as wireless headsets, mice, car keys, etc. It reportedly offers a data transmission rate of up to 12Mbit/s,or six times that of Bluetooth, and supports bidirectional latency of 250microseconds,simultaneous access by 256 users, and a power consumption of less than 2mA.
  • The SLB mode focuses on high-speed, high-capacity, and high-precision application scenarios, such as video transmission, large file sharing, and precise positioning. It reportedly provides a data transmission rate of up to 1.2 Gbit/s, or twice that of Wi-Fi, and supports latency of 20 milliseconds and simultaneous access by 4096 users.

Modules

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NearLink Module H383U[29] NearLink Module H383S[30]
Dimensions
12.00mm X 12.00mm X 2.2mm 12.20mm X 13.00mm X 1.8mm
Protocols
Supports 802.11b/g/n/ax, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), NearLink, USB communication interface, coexistence of WiFi and BLE, as well as coexistence of WiFi and NearLink. Supports 802.11b/g/n/ax, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), NearLink, SDIO communication interface, coexistence of WiFi and BLE, as well as coexistence of WiFi and NearLink.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^"SparkLink Low Energy" also referred to as "Smart Link Enhanced" (SLE).
  2. ^"SparkLink Basic" also referred to as "Multi Link Enhanced" (MLE).

References

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  1. ^abGao, M.; Wan, L.; Shen, R.; Gao, Y.; Wang, J.; Li, Y.; Vucetic, B. (2023)."SparkLink: A short-range wireless communication protocol with ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability".Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)).4(2).doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100386.PMC9958389.PMID36852210.
  2. ^"Tinh thiểm liên minh".www.sparklink.org.cn.Retrieved2023-09-26.
  3. ^"Tinh thiểm ứng dụng tiền cảnh quảng khoát thượng thị công tư tranh tương bố cục | thượng hải chứng khoán báo".paper.cnstock.com.Retrieved2023-09-26.
  4. ^abKeumars Afifi-Sabet (2023-09-24)."Some of the world's biggest tech firms have built rival for Bluetooth AND Wi-Fi – here's why you should be worried".TechRadar.Retrieved2023-09-26.
  5. ^ab"Toàn diện thăng cấp cận cự ly vô tuyến thể nghiệm! Hoa vi thôi xuất tinh thiểm NearLink kỹ thuật PK lam nha: Công háo hàng đê 60%, truyện thâu tốc suất đề thăng 6 bội! – tâm trí tấn"(in Chinese (China)). 2023-08-06.Retrieved2023-09-28.
  6. ^ab""Tinh thiểm" vô tuyến liên tiếp kỹ thuật ưu thế, tràng cảnh cập phát triển tư khảo _ thông tín thế giới võng ".www.cww.net.cn(in Chinese).Retrieved2023-09-28.
  7. ^Li, Deng (2023-08-04)."Huawei Nearlink launched, new wireless technology far ahead of Bluetooth".Huawei Central.Retrieved2023-10-05.
  8. ^Ganji, Hamid (2023-08-09)."Huawei NearLink is here to replace Bluetooth".Android Headlines.Retrieved2023-09-26.
  9. ^Harmony, Living In (2024-04-02)."NearLink Alliance releases NearLink 2.0 standard series".Living In Harmony.Retrieved2024-04-02.
  10. ^ab"Hoa vi Mate 60 Pro+ đột nhiên phát thụ, bất đáo thập miểu tựu bị thưởng quang! Hoa vi khái niệm cổ đại trướng - lãm phú tài kinh võng".www.lanfucaijing.com.Retrieved2023-09-25.
  11. ^"Huawei Mate 60 series now supports StarLight connection".
  12. ^Harry McKerrell (2023-10-18)."Huawei's latest earbuds continually analyse your ears for an optimised listening experience".whathifi.Retrieved2024-04-02.
  13. ^Wilmot, Lizzie (2023-12-14)."Portable productivity hits new heights with Huawei's latest smart office and audio products".T3.Retrieved2024-04-02.
  14. ^Głogulski, Roman (2024-04-19)."Huawei Introduces Pura 70 Series with Cutting-Edge NearLink Technology".Smartphone Magazine.Retrieved2024-04-26.
  15. ^"Unlike Huawei Pura 70 Pro models, the standard Pura 70 doesn't support Huawei NearLink".
  16. ^"Tinh thiểm liên minh".www.sparklink.org.cn.Retrieved2023-09-12.
  17. ^"Cương cương," tinh thiểm "Chính thức phát bố thương nghiệp hóa lộ tiêu, khai tích vô tuyến đoản cự thông tín tân tái đạo - trí đông tây".zhidx.com.Retrieved2023-09-12.
  18. ^"Tinh thiểm liên minh phát bố tân đoản cự thông tín kỹ thuật 1.0 tiêu chuẩn - DoNews".www.donews.com.Retrieved2023-09-13.
  19. ^"Tân nhất đại vô tuyến đoản cự thông tín kỹ thuật, tinh thiểm 1.0 hệ liệt tiêu chuẩn chính thức phát bố _ sản nghiệp _ tiếp nhập _ trắc thí".m.sohu.com.Retrieved2023-09-12.
  20. ^"Hoa vi tân cơ tương kế triển khai dự cấu “Tinh thiểm” kỹ thuật dẫn thị tràng nhiệt nghị ".Yahoo Finance(in Chinese). 2023-09-11.Retrieved2023-09-12.
  21. ^Castro."Huawei Nearlink launched, new wireless technology far ahead of Bluetooth - HUAWEI Community".huawei consumer.Retrieved2023-08-05.
  22. ^"Hoa vi tân phẩm phát bố hội vạn chúng chúc mục du bách gia môi thể hạ ngọ hiện tràng trực bá | quốc tế".Đông phương võng mã lai tây á đông phương nhật báo(in Simplified Chinese). 2023-09-25.Retrieved2023-09-25.
  23. ^Mỗi nhật kinh tế tân văn (2023-09-25)."Toàn cầu thủ khoản! Hoa vi phát bố tân phẩm, thải dụng tinh thiểm kỹ thuật! Dư thừa đông: Chính gia ban gia điểm khẩn cấp sinh sản Mate 60 hệ liệt _ thủ cơ võng dịch võng".www.163.com.Retrieved2023-09-25.
  24. ^"【 thị tần hồi cố 】 hoa vi thu quý toàn tràng cảnh tân phẩm phát bố hội _ chứng khoán yếu văn _ tài kinh _ trung kim tại tuyến".news.cnfol.com.Retrieved2023-09-25.
  25. ^"Quốc nội tinh thiểm sổ tự xa thược thi tiêu chuẩn phát bố, hoa vi, bỉ á địch, trường an, quảng khí, nhất khí đẳng tham dữ khởi thảo - IT chi gia".www.ithome.com.Retrieved2024-04-02.
  26. ^Emmanuel."HarmonyOS 5.0.1 has full support for NearLink Kit integration with apps".HarmonyOSHub.Retrieved15 November2024.
  27. ^"Hoa vi" tinh thiểm "Đáo để thị thập ma? Khả dĩ miểu sát lam nha! - điện tử công trình chuyên tập".www.eet-china.com.Retrieved2023-09-12.
  28. ^"Tiêu chuẩn - tinh thiểm liên minh".sparklink.org.cn.Retrieved2023-09-12.
  29. ^"NearLink Module H383U".VLink.
  30. ^"NearLink Module H383S".VLink.
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