Tadelakt(Moroccan Arabic:تدلاكت,romanized:tadla:kt) is a waterproofplastersurface used inMoroccan architectureto make baths, sinks, water vessels, interior and exterior walls, ceilings, roofs, and floors. It is made fromlime plaster,which is rammed, polished, and treated withsoapto make it waterproof andwater-repellent.[1]Tadelaktis labour-intensive to install, but durable.[2]Since it is applied as a paste, tadelakt has a soft, undulating character, it can form curves, and it is seamless. Pigment can be added to give it any colour, but deep red is traditional.[3]It may have a shiny ormattefinish.
Etymology and history
editThe termtadelakt,meaning "to rub in", is anAmazighifiedexpression from theArabicword تدليكtadlīk,meaning "to rub or massage."[3][4]
Tadelaktis thought to have evolved fromqadad,a similar plaster used in Yemen for millennia that is treated with calcium hydroxide and oils and fats instead of soaps.[2]
Constituents and chemistry
editThe basic constituents oftadelaktplaster are:
- lime plaster (not Portland cement)
- in some cases, marble or limestone sand (but not other aggregates)
- natural soap (often "black" or olive oil soap) to speedcarbonationof the surface and impart water-resistance.
The soap chemically reacts with the lime plaster, forminglime (calcium) soaps.Calcium soaps are insoluble in water,[5]and fairly hard.[3]They are familiar, in areas with calcium-rich ( "hard" ) water, as deposits in bathtubs, sinks, and showers; when soap is mixed with the water's dissolved calcium carbonate/lime, calcium soaps form.
- 2 C17H35COO−Na++ Ca2+→ (C17H35COO)2Ca + 2 Na+
Techniques
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Traditional application includes polishing with a river stone and treatment witholeic acid,in the form of olive oil soap, to lend it its final appearance and water resistance.
In Morocco, the traditional application technique:
- plaster powder is mixed with water for 12 to 15 hours prior to the addition of pigment.
- the plaster is applied in one thick coat with a wooden float, and smoothed with the same.
- before the plaster sets, a flat, smooth, hard stone is used to compress the plaster, then a plastic trowel used for the final polish.
- it is mechanically polished using stones or abrasives harder than the plaster, providing a smooth, sometimes shiny, finish.
- lastly, an olive-oil soap solution is used to seal the plaster
Long-term maintenance of tadelakt requires regularly re-sealing the surface with a soap solution;[3]in the case ofqadadroofs, this was traditionally done every few years.[2]
Uses
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Tadelaktis the traditional coating of thehammamsand bathrooms of palaces andriad residencesinMorocco.[6]The restoration of riads in Morocco has led to a resurgence in its use.[citation needed]
In modern times, it has been used outside.[7]
See also
edit- Earthen plaster
- Polished plaster
- Plasterwork
- Sarooj,a similar water-resistant plaster
- Zellige
- Stucco
References
edit- ^Wolff, Britta (2013). "Hydrophobized Lime Plasters as Protective Surface in Wet Rooms in Monument Preservation".Advanced Materials Research.688:60–69.doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.688.60.S2CID109703139.
- ^abcAnita Sutter, « Note sur la fabrication du qadâd », Chroniques yéménites [En ligne], 6-7 | 1999, mis en ligne le 18 décembre 2006, consulté le 13 février 2016. URL:http://cy.revues.org/111
- ^abcdPolak, Monique (1 September 2005).Home Invasion.Orca Book Publishers.ISBN9781551434827– via Google Books.
- ^Team, Almaany."تعريف و شرح و معنى تدليك بالعربي في معاجم اللغة العربية معجم المعاني الجامع، المعجم الوسيط ،اللغة العربية المعاصر ،الرائد ،لسان العرب ،القاموس المحيط - معجم عربي عربي صفحة 1".www.almaany.com.Retrieved2019-05-11.
- ^Graham, David Y.; Sackman, Jeffrey W. (1983). "Solubility of calcium soaps of long-chain fatty acids in simulated intestinal environment".Digestive Diseases and Sciences.28(8): 733–736.doi:10.1007/BF01312564.PMID6872805.S2CID19412236.
- ^Wolff, Britta; Diederichs, Ulrich; Ait El Caid, Hassan (2014)."Non-Destructive Prospection of Ancient Steam Bathes Covered with Tadelakt — First Preliminary Comparison of Hammam Kasbah des Caids of Tamnougalt and Hammam Kasbah of Taourirt, Morocco".Advanced Materials Research.923:174–182.doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.923.174.S2CID109014106.
- ^"Tadelakt Exterior stucco Vancouver - Venetian Plaster and Stucco - Vancouver BC".authenticplasterfx.com.
External links
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Media related toTadelaktat Wikimedia Commons
