Wikipedia

Whitehorse

This article is about the city in Yukon, Canada. For other uses, seeWhitehorse (disambiguation).

Whitehorse(French pronunciation:[wajtɔʁs]) is the capital of theYukon,and the largest city inNorthern Canada.It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometre 1426 (Historic Mile 918) on theAlaska Highwayin southern Yukon. Whitehorse'sdowntownandRiverdaleareas occupy both shores of theYukon River,which rises inBritish Columbiaand meets theBering Seain Alaska. The city was named after theWhite Horse Rapidsfor their resemblance to the mane of a white horse, nearMiles Canyon,before the river was dammed.

Whitehorse
City
City of Whitehorse
From top to bottom; left to right: View of Central Whitehorse in 2019,northern lightsviewed fromRiverdale,buildings in Downtown Whitehorse,Yukon Legislative Building
Flag of Whitehorse
Flag
Coat of arms of Whitehorse
Coat of arms
Official logo of Whitehorse
Logo
Nicknames:
"The Wilderness City"[1]
Motto(s):
Our People, Our Strength
Whitehorse is located in Yukon
Whitehorse
Whitehorse
Location of Whitehorse
Whitehorse is located in Canada
Whitehorse
Whitehorse
Location of Whitehorse
Coordinates:60°43′27″N135°03′22″W/ 60.72417°N 135.05611°W/60.72417; -135.05611[2]
CountryCanada
TerritoryYukon
Established1898
Government
•MayorKirk Cameron (elect)
• Governing bodyWhitehorse City Council
•MPsBrendan Hanley
•MLAsNils Clarke
Yvonne Clarke
Currie Dixon
Scott Kent
Jeanie McLean
Tracy-Anne McPhee
Richard Mostyn
Ranj Pillai
Elaine Taylor
Lane Tredger
Kate White
Area
•City
416.54 km2(160.83 sq mi)
• Urban
34.95 km2(13.49 sq mi)
• Metro
8,488.91 km2(3,277.59 sq mi)
Elevation
670–1,702 m (2,200–5,584 ft)
Population
(2021)
•City
28,201
• Density60.2/km2(156/sq mi)
•Urban
21,732
• Urban density621/km2(1,610/sq mi)
DemonymWhitehorser[3]
Time zoneUTC−07:00(MST)
Forward sortation area
Y1A
Area code867
NTSMap105D11Whitehorse
Websitewhitehorse.ca

Because of the city's location in the Whitehorse valley and relative proximity to thePacific Ocean,the climate is milder than comparable northern communities such asYellowknife.[4]At this latitude, winter days are short and summer days have up to about 19 hours of daylight.[5][6]Whitehorse, as reported byGuinness World Records,is the city with the least air pollution in the world.[7]

As of the2021 Canadian census,the population was 28,201[8]within city boundaries and 31,913[9]in the census agglomeration. These figures represent approximately 70 and 79 percent, respectively, of the entire population of Yukon.[10]

History

edit
Streetscape of Whitehorse in 1900. The community saw a population boom with thediscovery of gold in the Klondikein 1896.
View of Whitehorse in 1910
Whitehorse, 1941

Archaeological research south of the downtown area, at a location known asCanyon City,has revealed evidence of use byFirst Nationsfor several thousand years.[11]The surrounding area had seasonal fish camps andFrederick Schwatka,in 1883, observed the presence of aportagetrail used to bypassMiles Canyon.Before the Gold Rush, several different tribes passed through the area seasonally and their territories overlapped.[12]

Thediscovery of gold in the Klondikein August 1896, bySkookum Jim,Tagish Charlie,andGeorge Washington Carmack,set off a major change in the historical patterns of the region. Early prospectors used theChilkoot Pass,but by July 1897, crowds of neophyte prospectorshad arrived via steamship and were camping at "White Horse".[13]By June 1898, there was a bottleneck of prospectors at Canyon City, and many boats had been lost to the rapids as well as five people.Samuel Steeleof theNorth-West Mounted Policeremarked: "why more casualties have not occurred is a mystery to me."[14]

On their way to find gold, prospectors also found copper in the "copper belt" in the hills west of Whitehorse. The first copper claims were staked by Jack McIntyre on July 6, 1898, andSam McGeeon July 16, 1899.[15]Two tram lines were built, one 8 km (5.0 mi) stretch on the east bank of the Yukon River from Canyon City to the rapids, just across from the present day downtown, and the other on the west bank of the river.

TheWhite Pass and Yukon Routenarrow-gaugerailway linkingSkagwayto Whitehorse had begun construction in May 1898. By May 1899, construction had arrived at the south end ofBennett Lake.[16]Construction began again at the north end of Bennett lake to Whitehorse. It was only in June–July 1900 that construction finished the difficult Bennett Lake section itself, completing the entire route.[17]

By 1901, theWhitehorse Starwas already reporting on daily freight volumes. Even though traders and prospectors were all calling the city Whitehorse (White Horse), there was an attempt by the railway people to change the name to Closeleigh (British Close brothers provided funding for the railway), this was refused byWilliam Ogilvie,the territory's Commissioner.

On May 23, 1905, a small fire in the barber shop of the Windsor Hotel got out of control when the fire engine ran out of water, spreading throughout the city and causing $300,000 (equivalent to $10 million in 2023) in damage, though there were no deaths.Robert Servicewas working as a bank teller at the time and participated in suppressing the flame.[18]The White Horse Restaurant and Inn was among the buildings destroyed, after its co-founderFrederick Trump,the grandfather ofDonald Trump,had sold his shares and left the city.[19]

In 1920, the first planes landed in Whitehorse and the first air mail was sent in November 1927. Until 1942, rail, river, and air were the only way to get to Whitehorse, but in 1942 the US military decided an interior road would be safer to transfer troops and provisions between Alaska and the US mainland and began construction of theAlaska Highway.[citation needed]The entire 2,500 km (1,600 mi) project was accomplished between March and November 1942. The Canadian portion of the highway was only returned to Canadian sovereignty after the war. TheCanol pipelinewas also constructed to supply oil to the north with a refinery in Whitehorse.[citation needed]

In 1950, the city was incorporated and by 1951 the population had doubled from its 1941 numbers. On April 1, 1953, the city was designated the capital of the Yukon Territory when the seat was moved fromDawson Cityafter the construction of theKlondike Highway.[20]On March 21, 1957, the name was officially changed from White Horse to Whitehorse.[21]

Geography

edit
Whitehorse sits on theYukon River,located at the base of three nearby mountains; Grey Mountain to the east, Mount Sumanik to the northwest, and Golden Horn Mountain to the south.

Whitehorse is located at kilometre 1,425 (Historic Mile 918) of theAlaska Highwayand is framed by three nearby mountains: Grey Mountain to the east, Mount Sumanik to the northwest and Golden Horn Mountain to the south. Therapidswhich were the namesake of the city have disappeared underMiles CanyonandSchwatka Lake,formed by the construction of a hydroelectricity dam in 1958. Whitehorse is currently the64thlargest city in Canada by area. The city limits present a near rectangular shape orientated in a NW-SE direction.[22]

Cityscape

edit

Whitehorse Bylaw 426 (1975) restricts the operation of motor vehicles to designated roadways in certain "Protected Areas" to ensure maximum conservation of the environmental quality.[23]Most are near the downtown core (downtown and Yukon river escarpments, Mt. Mac ski trails, Riverdale, Valleyview, Hillcrest, Granger, Porter Creek, and Mountainview) and one, Pineridge, is south of downtown.[24]

In 1999, the city approved the Area Development Scheme (ADS) which reallocated the area previously known as "Whitehorse Copper" to the following uses: Country Residential, Commercial, Service Industrial, and Heavy industrial.

Recent demands for growth have reignited urban planning debates in Whitehorse.[25]In 1970 the Metropolitan Whitehorse development plan included park and greenbelt areas that were to be preserved to ensure high quality of life even within city limits.[26]

Climate

edit

Whitehorse has asubarctic climate(Köppen climate classification:Dfc,TrewarthaEclc) and lies in the rain shadow of theCoast Mountains,causing precipitation totals to be quite low year-round. Due to the city's location in the Whitehorse valley, the climate is milder than other comparable northern communities such asYellowknife,however during cold snaps it is not uncommon for temperatures to drop below −40 °C (−40 °F).[4]With an average annual temperature of 0.2 °C (32.4 °F) Whitehorse is the warmest place in the Yukon. The temperature measurements for the city are taken at the airport. The Whitehorse Riverdale weather station situated at a lower elevation than the airport is also 0.2 °C (32.4 °F).

At this latitude winter days are short and summer days have just over 19 hours of daylight.[6]Whitehorse has an average daily high of 20.6 °C (69.1 °F) in July and average daily low of −19.2 °C (−2.6 °F) in January. The highest temperature ever recorded in Whitehorse was 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) on 14 June 1969.[27]The coldest temperature ever recorded was −56.2 °C (−69.2 °F) on 21 January 1906.[28]

Whitehorse has little precipitation, with an average annual snowfall of 141.8 cm (55.8 in) and 160.9 mm (6.33 in) of rainfall. According to theMeteorological Service of Canada,Whitehorse has the distinction of being Canada's driest city. Whitehorse is in the Cordilleran climate region, the Complex Soils of Mountain Areas soil region, the Cordilleran vegetation region, and the Boreal Cordillera ecozone.

Climate data for Whitehorse (Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport)
WMO ID:71964; coordinates60°42′34″N135°04′07″W/ 60.70944°N 135.06861°W/60.70944; -135.06861(Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport);elevation: 706.2 m (2,317 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1900–present[a]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record highhumidex 9.5 11.1 16.6 21.6 33.6 33.3 33.6 31.9 25.2 19.0 11.1 9.2 33.6
Record high °C (°F) 10.9
(51.6) 		11.7
(53.1) 		16.8
(62.2) 		21.8
(71.2) 		34.1
(93.4) 		34.4
(93.9) 		33.2
(91.8) 		31.6
(88.9) 		26.7
(80.1) 		19.3
(66.7) 		13.3
(55.9) 		10.6
(51.1) 		34.4
(93.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −11.1
(12.0) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		7.1
(44.8) 		14.2
(57.6) 		19.3
(66.7) 		20.5
(68.9) 		18.5
(65.3) 		12.3
(54.1) 		4.3
(39.7) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		5.2
(41.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −15.0
(5.0) 		−11.9
(10.6) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		1.6
(34.9) 		7.9
(46.2) 		12.8
(55.0) 		14.5
(58.1) 		12.9
(55.2) 		7.5
(45.5) 		0.9
(33.6) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−12.8
(9.0) 		0.2
(32.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −18.9
(−2.0) 		−16.6
(2.1) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		1.6
(34.9) 		6.2
(43.2) 		8.5
(47.3) 		7.2
(45.0) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−11.8
(10.8) 		−16.5
(2.3) 		−4.7
(23.5)
Record low °C (°F) −56.2
(−69.2) 		−51.2
(−60.2) 		−42.2
(−44.0) 		−30.6
(−23.1) 		−12.9
(8.8) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−19.4
(−2.9) 		−31.1
(−24.0) 		−47.2
(−53.0) 		−48.3
(−54.9) 		−56.2
(−69.2)
Record lowwind chill −61.3 −62.4 −47.5 −35.0 −18.6 −6.8 0.0 −6.4 −21.4 −45.3 −51.4 −59.2 −62.4
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 22.3
(0.88) 		14.7
(0.58) 		11.5
(0.45) 		8.4
(0.33) 		15.4
(0.61) 		35.2
(1.39) 		39.2
(1.54) 		39.0
(1.54) 		30.9
(1.22) 		23.1
(0.91) 		23.5
(0.93) 		16.4
(0.65) 		279.6
(11.01)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.1
(0.00) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.2
(0.05) 		12.9
(0.51) 		34.4
(1.35) 		37.5
(1.48) 		40.4
(1.59) 		26.8
(1.06) 		9.9
(0.39) 		0.9
(0.04) 		0.2
(0.01) 		164.3
(6.47)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 28.8
(11.3) 		18.3
(7.2) 		16.1
(6.3) 		7.0
(2.8) 		2.8
(1.1) 		0.2
(0.1) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		3.6
(1.4) 		17.2
(6.8) 		28.4
(11.2) 		25.3
(10.0) 		147.6
(58.1)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.2 mm) 12.7 9.2 7.2 5.1 7.3 11.1 13.0 12.0 12.2 10.7 13.0 11.3 124.7
Average rainy days(≥ 0.2 mm) 0.17 0.06 0.0 1.1 6.9 10.8 13.0 12.3 11.6 5.4 0.88 0.37 62.7
Average snowy days(≥ 0.2 cm) 12.4 8.8 7.6 3.4 1.4 0.05 0.0 0.0 1.5 7.1 11.9 12.1 66.2
Averagerelative humidity(%)(at 1500 LST) 74.9 65.9 49.7 40.2 36.2 40.0 46.3 48.2 54.0 64.9 77.1 77.8 56.3
Mean monthlysunshine hours 43.8 105.5 163.2 238.5 251.1 266.7 247.6 226.5 132.7 84.9 39.8 26.8 1,827.1
Percentpossible sunshine 21.4 41.6 44.8 54.4 46.8 46.9 43.8 46.4 34.1 27.0 17.8 14.9 36.7
Averageultraviolet index 0 1 1 3 4 5 5 4 2 1 0 0 2
Source 1:Environment and Climate Change Canada(1991–2020),[b][29](1981–2010),[30](1900–1960),[31](extreme minimum),[28](January maximum)[32]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[33]
Climate data for Whitehorse (Riverdale)
Climate ID: 2101400; coordinates60°42′36″N135°01′38″W/ 60.71000°N 135.02722°W/60.71000; -135.02722(Riverdale);elevation: 640.1 m (2,100 ft); 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1959–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0) 		12.8
(55.0) 		13.5
(56.3) 		23.5
(74.3) 		34.5
(94.1) 		35.6
(96.1) 		34.5
(94.1) 		31.7
(89.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		20.0
(68.0) 		12.2
(54.0) 		9.5
(49.1) 		35.6
(96.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −12.1
(10.2) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		0.3
(32.5) 		8.5
(47.3) 		15.3
(59.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		19.5
(67.1) 		12.8
(55.0) 		4.3
(39.7) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		5.7
(42.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −16.2
(2.8) 		−11.8
(10.8) 		−6
(21) 		1.8
(35.2) 		8.0
(46.4) 		13.1
(55.6) 		15.1
(59.2) 		13.1
(55.6) 		7.5
(45.5) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−9.8
(14.4) 		−13.2
(8.2) 		0.2
(32.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −20.4
(−4.7) 		−17.0
(1.4) 		−12.3
(9.9) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		0.7
(33.3) 		5.9
(42.6) 		8.5
(47.3) 		6.6
(43.9) 		2.1
(35.8) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−13.4
(7.9) 		−17.3
(0.9) 		−5.4
(22.3)
Record low °C (°F) −48.3
(−54.9) 		−51.1
(−60.0) 		−42.8
(−45.0) 		−31.7
(−25.1) 		−15.0
(5.0) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−17.5
(0.5) 		−29.5
(−21.1) 		−41.7
(−43.1) 		−47.8
(−54.0) 		−51.1
(−60.0)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 19.2
(0.76) 		13.6
(0.54) 		11.7
(0.46) 		6.8
(0.27) 		16.3
(0.64) 		33.4
(1.31) 		39.6
(1.56) 		36.5
(1.44) 		35.3
(1.39) 		26.1
(1.03) 		22.7
(0.89) 		20.3
(0.80) 		281.6
(11.09)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.2
(0.01) 		0.1
(0.00) 		0.1
(0.00) 		2.2
(0.09) 		15.1
(0.59) 		33.4
(1.31) 		39.6
(1.56) 		36.2
(1.43) 		29.7
(1.17) 		9.9
(0.39) 		0.8
(0.03) 		0.1
(0.00) 		167.2
(6.58)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 19.0
(7.5) 		13.5
(5.3) 		11.9
(4.7) 		4.6
(1.8) 		1.2
(0.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.4
(0.2) 		5.6
(2.2) 		16.3
(6.4) 		21.9
(8.6) 		20.2
(8.0) 		114.6
(45.1)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.2 mm) 9.7 7.3 5.7 4.5 8.0 11.4 13.6 12.4 10.1 11.2 10.3 10.1 114.3
Average rainy days(≥ 0.2 mm) 0.20 0.13 0.09 1.9 7.7 11.4 13.6 12.4 9.6 5.2 0.44 0.12 62.7
Average snowy days(≥ 0.2 cm) 9.5 7.3 5.7 2.7 0.54 0.0 0.0 0.10 1.1 7.0 10.0 10.0 53.8
Source:Environment and Climate Change Canada[27][34][35]


Neighbourhoods

edit

Due to Whitehorse's unique urban development objectives and varied topography, neighbourhoods are usually separated from each other by large geographical features. In addition to the city'sdowntowncore on theYukon River's west bank, two subdivisions sit at the same elevation as the Yukon River — 640 m (2,100 ft). Crossing the bridge to the east bank of the river leads toRiverdale,one of the city's oldest neighbourhoods. From Riverdale, the road climbing up Grey Mountain leads to Grey Mountain Cemetery and the local FM radio antenna.[36]

The rest of Whitehorse is generally located above 690 m (2,260 ft). Immediately after climbing "Two Mile Hill", looking to the north are the old residential neighbourhoods of Takhini West, Takhini North, and Takhini East, where many homes actually are originally army barracks and military officers' residences.[37]Yukon University,Yukon Arts Centreand Whitehorse Correctional Centre are situated in Takhini. Situated further north are Range Point, Porter Creek, and Crestview, as well as Whitehorse's newest neighbourhood, Whistle Bend, where a significant amount of new residential growth is currently occurring.

West of downtown are Valleyview, Hillcrest (also largely constituted of old military lodgings) and the Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport; and beyond the Canada Games Centre along Hamilton Boulevard are the neighbourhoods of McIntyre (designated to replace inferior lands and homes of the Kwanlin Dun First Nation ( "The Village" ) previously located where Marwell adjoins a marshy area), then Ingram, Arkell, Logan, Granger, and rapidly expanding Copper Ridge.

Whitehorse also has subdivisions designated "Country Residential" which are subject to different municipal bylaws and are located farther out from the downtown.[38]They consist of the rural Whitehorse subdivisions of Hidden Valley and MacPherson at Whitehorse's northern limits; to the south: McCrae (also spelt MacRae), Wolf Creek, Wolf Creek North, Mary Lake, Cowley Creek, Spruce Hill, Pineridge and Fox Haven Estates.[39]Also located at the south end of the city is the newly designated Mt. Sima Service Industrial Subdivision.[40]

Construction of Whistle Bend, Whitehorse's newest subdivision, began in 2010 on the "Lower Bench" east of the Porter Creek subdivision.[41]

Attractions

edit

Demographics

edit
Federal census population history of Whitehorse
YearPop.±%
1911727—
1921331−54.5%
1931541+63.4%
1941754+39.4%
19512,594+244.0%
19562,570−0.9%
19615,031+95.8%
19664,771−5.2%
197111,217+135.1%
197613,311+18.7%
198114,814+11.3%
198615,199+2.6%
199117,925+17.9%
199619,157+6.9%
200119,058−0.5%
200620,461+7.4%
201123,276+13.8%
201625,085+7.8%
202128,201+12.4%
Source:Statistics Canada
[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]

In the2021 Census of Populationconducted byStatistics Canada,Whitehorse had a population of28,201living in11,436of its11,970total private dwellings, a change of12.4% from its 2016 population of25,085.With a land area of 413.94 km2(159.82 sq mi), it had a population density of68.1/km2(176.5/sq mi) in 2021.[53]

The2021 censusreported thatimmigrants(individuals born outside Canada) comprise 4,195 persons or 15.1% of the total population of Whitehorse. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were Philippines (1,325 persons or 31.6%), United Kingdom (395 persons or 9.4%), United States of America (365 persons or 8.7%), India (335 persons or 8.0%), Germany (230 persons or 5.5%), China (175 persons or 4.2%), France (95 persons or 2.3%), Netherlands (70 persons or 1.7%), South Korea (65 persons or 1.5%), and Japan (60 persons or 1.4%).[54]

As of 2021, most of the residents are Canadian citizens (91.0%).[54]

Ethnicity

edit

Whitehorse's population is mostlyEuropean(66.9%), but has a significant number ofIndigenous peoples(16.3%):First Nations(11.7%),Metis(3.4%), andInuit(0.7%). There is also a moderatevisible minoritypopulation (16.8%):Filipino(6.6%),South Asian(3.5%), andChinese(1.9%) were the three largest minority groups.[54]

Panethnicgroups in the City of Whitehorse (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group 		2021[54] 2016[55] 2011[56] 2006[57] 2001[58]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[c] 18,535 66.85% 17,475 71.15% 17,235 75.56% 15,450 76.15% 14,995 79.28%
Indigenous 4,530 16.34% 4,420 18% 3,770 16.53% 3,785 18.65% 3,010 15.91%
Southeast Asian[d] 1,970 7.11% 1,215 4.95% 785 3.44% 320 1.58% 305 1.61%
South Asian 975 3.52% 480 1.95% 355 1.56% 170 0.84% 205 1.08%
East Asian[e] 785 2.83% 505 2.06% 420 1.82% 300 1.48% 240 1.27%
African 520 1.88% 215 0.88% 70 0.31% 95 0.47% 95 0.5%
Latin American 215 0.78% 100 0.41% 95 0.42% 95 0.47% 35 0.19%
Middle Eastern[f] 40 0.14% 40 0.16% 0 0% 20 0.1% 10 0.05%
Other[g] 155 0.56% 105 0.43% 50 0.22% 50 0.25% 15 0.08%
Total responses 27,725 98.31% 24,560 97.91% 22,810 98% 20,290 99.16% 18,915 99.25%
Total population 28,201 100% 25,085 100% 23,276 100% 20,461 100% 19,058 100%
  • Note: There are totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

Language

edit

As a federal territory, the Yukon is officiallybilingual in English and French.In 2011, 84.3% of the residents of Whitehorse declaredEnglishas their onlymother tongue,while 4.6% reportedFrenchas their only mother tongue, and 9.7% of the population reported a non-official language as their mother tongue.[59]According to the 2011 census the most spoken non-official language in Whitehorse wasGerman,followed byTagalog,Spanish,ChineseandDutch.

The 2021 census shows 82.3% of Whitehorse residents declaring English as their mother tongue, 6.1% French, and 14.4% another language. The largest non-official language groups were Tagalog (3.6%), German (2% including Swiss German), and Punjabi (1.3%).[60]

Religion

edit
Sikhs in Whitehorse in April 1906

According to the2021 census,religious groups in Whitehorse included:[54]

Sports

edit

Whitehorse's proximity to the wilderness and the mountains allows its residents to enjoy a very active lifestyle. The city has an extensive trail network within its limits, estimated at 850 km (530 mi) in 2007,[61]including sections of theTrans Canada Trail.These trails are used for a variety of non-motorized and/or motorized activities. The Yukon River in and around Whitehorse provides many opportunities for kayaking and canoeing.[citation needed]

Whitehorse hosts the beginning of theYukon Quest,an annualdog sledrace from Whitehorse toFairbanks, Alaska.

The city is responsible for the maintenance of numerous sports and recreation fields including two dozen grass/sand/soil/ice sports surfaces, three ball diamonds, the Canada Games Centre Multiplex (pools, ice rinks, fieldhouse, fitness centre, walking/running track, physiotherapy), theTakhini Arena,andMount McIntyre Recreation Centre.[62]Private interests run Mount Sima, which contains 350m or 1,150 ft of downhill skiing in the winter and mountain biking in the summer,[63]three golf courses, a bowling alley,[64]and three gyms, including one with squash courts.

The annual 1,000 mileYukon Questsled dog race between Whitehorse andFairbanks,Alaska, is considered one of the toughest in the world. The race alternates its starting and finishing points each year. The city has hosted several large sporting events including the2007 Canada Winter Games,[65]for which a CA$45 million sport multiplex was built; the Canadian Junior Freestyle Championships in 2006, theArctic Winter Games(2000, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1972, 2012 and up coming location for the 2026 games),[66]the annual International Curling Bonspiel,[67]and the Dustball International Slowpitch Tournament.[68]Other major sports events held by Whitehorse include:

Although there are no territorial junior league teams, the business community sponsors a number of local teams of volleyball, baseball, basketball, broomball, ice hockey, soccer, ultimate disk, and squash. High school teams are very active and partake in competitions with schools in neighbouring Alaska, and a few local athletes have flourished on the Canadian sports scene. Whitehorse is also home to the Whitehorse Glacier Bears swimming club.[69]

Government

edit
City Hall is home to theWhitehorse City Council.

Municipal

edit

Whitehorse municipal elections occur every three years. The current mayor of Whitehorse is Kirk Cameron. Municipal services provided by the city of Whitehorse include: water and sewer systems, road maintenance, snow and ice control, non-recyclable waste and composting, as well as amosquito controlprogram.[70]

Territorial

edit
Further information:Yukon Legislative Assembly,List of Yukon general elections,andList of political parties in Yukon

Whitehorse was represented by 9 of 18 MLAs inYukon's Legislative Assembly,as per the 2002 map of Yukon electoral districts.[71]In 2009 Yukon's electoral map was modified to give Whitehorse an extra seat, bringing its total up to 10 out of 19. The Legislative Assembly Building is located in downtown Whitehorse and elections usually take place every three to five years.[72]The last general election was heldin 2021.Whitehorse residents have threelocal political partiesfrom which to choose:Yukon Liberal Party,Yukon New Democratic Party,Yukon Party.

Federal

edit
Further information:List of Canadian federal electoral districts,Yukon (electoral district),andList of federal political parties in Canada
Whitehorse federal election results[73]
Year Liberal Conservative New Democratic Green
2021 33% 3,036 26% 2,431 24% 2,196 5% 420
2019 33% 3,500 32% 3,323 24% 2,521 10% 1,060

All of Yukon consists of a singlefederal electoral districtand therefore there is only oneMember of Parliament(MP) and 65% of Yukon's voters live in Whitehorse. Residents of the Yukon have been votingfederallysince a byelection returned the first Yukon MP in January 1903 and, from 1984 onward, have had candidates from at least fourfederal political partiesto choose from. In 2006, 2008 and 2011, the choices have been:Conservative,Green,Liberal,andNDP.Other parties that have contested the riding from 1984 onward include the Libertarian Party, theRhinoceros Party,the three precursors of the Conservative Party (Reform Party, Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservatives), the National Party (1993) and the Christian Heritage Party.

LiberalBrendan Hanleyis Yukon's MP.

Judicial

edit

All court matters are handled in Whitehorse at the Andrew Philipsen Law Building which also houses a law library. Yukon's Territorial Court (three judges) handles most adult criminal prosecutions under the criminal code and other federal statutes. The Supreme Court of Yukon has three resident judges and nine judges fromNWTandNunavut.The Court of Appeal, made up of justices from British Columbia, Yukon, NWT and Nunavut, sits in Whitehorse only one week of the year, so most appeals are heard inVancouver, British Columbia.[74]

Military

edit
Aerial view of Whitehorse Cadet Summer Training Centre. The facility is used by theCanadian Cadet Organization.

The Canadian Armed Forces is represented in Whitehorse by Canadian Forces Detachment Yukon located in downtown Whitehorse, Regional Cadet Support Unit (North) was at Boyle Barracks (until a re-organization in 2012 amalgamated the cadet support unit into Regional Cadet Support Unit (NW) based out of Winnipeg, Manitoba) and theCanadian Rangersof the Whitehorse Patrol of 1 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group. 2685 Yukon Regiment Army Cadet Corps and 551 Whitehorse Squadron, Royal Canadian Air Cadets of theCanadian Cadet Organizationsalso operate in Whitehorse. All units operate as part of Canadian ForcesJoint Task Force (North).[75]

440 Transport Squadron,and other units of theRoyal Canadian Air Force,including theSnowbirdsoften operate and train out of Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport, formerlyRCAF Station Whitehorse.

Boyle Barracks is located 20 km (12 mi) south of downtown Whitehorse. The facility houses Regional Cadet Support Unit (North), Whitehorse Cadet Summer Training Centre, service support elements of Joint Task Force (North), and is used by 1 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group, theJunior Canadian Rangers,and other units to conduct training. Boyle Barracks is located on the property of the unused Wolf Creek Juvenile Corrections Centre which is leased by the Department of National Defence from the Yukon Government.

Whitehorse Cadet Summer Training Centre offers a variety of courses and activities that focus on general training, leadership, and expedition training up to the instructor level. Courses are two, three, and six weeks long and are offered throughout the summer.[76]Personnel are drawn primarily from the territories, but many come from across Canada. The training centre also hosts members of the United Kingdom'sArmy Cadet ForceandCombined Cadet Force.

Education

edit

Whitehorse has several schools as part of a Yukon Government operated public school system.[77]Except forÉcole Émilie-Tremblay,Yukon does not have school boards. However, each school has a council composed of three to seven elected positions for two-year terms, consisting of (and elected by) citizens residing in the school's assigned area and parents of students attending the school.[78]All teachers are employed directly by the Department of Education, and there are no tuition fees to be paid to attend elementary and secondary institutions with the exception of the Wood Street School, which offers specialized experiential programs for high school students in the sciences and arts.[citation needed]Yukon schools follow British Columbia's school curriculum.[79]

Primary education (K-3)

edit
  • Grey Mountain Primary[80]

Elementary education (K-7)

edit
  • Christ the King Elementary[81](Catholic)
  • Elijah Smith Elementary[82]
  • Golden Horn Elementary[83]
  • Hidden Valley Elementary[84]
  • Holy Family Elementary[85](Catholic)
  • Jack Hulland Elementary[86]
  • Selkirk Elementary[87](French and English Immersion)
  • Takhini Elementary[88]
  • École Whitehorse Elementary[89](French and late French Immersion)

Secondary education

edit
  • Vanier Catholic Secondary School[90](Catholic)
  • F.H. Collins Secondary School[91](English and French Immersion)
  • Porter Creek Secondary School[92]

French First Language school (K-12)

edit
  • École Émilie-Tremblay[93]

Specialized programs

edit
  • Wood St. School[94](programs are attended by students drawn from the high schools)
  • Individual Learning Centre[95](for students who have had trouble in the regular school program and are not attending school)

Post-secondary education

edit
  • Yukon Universityconfers bachelor's degrees, diplomas, certificates as well as trades and vocational training and adult basic education. It is the only university based in Northern Canada.

Media

edit
Broadcasting studio forCFWH-FM,which broadcasts programming fromCBC Radio One.CFWH-FM is one of seven radio stations based in Whitehorse.

Broadcast

edit

Radio

edit
Frequency Call sign Branding Format Owner Notes
FM92.5 CJUC-FM The Juice Community Radio Utilities Consumers Group
FM94.5 CFWH-FM CBC Radio One Talk radio,public radio Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Part ofCBC North
FM96.1 CKRW-FM The Rush Hot adult contemporary Klondike Broadcasting Also maintains a rebroadcaster onAM610
FM98.1 CHON-FM – Community radio Northern Native Broadcasting First Nationscommunity radio
FM100.3 VF2356 Golden Horn Community radio Whitehorse Chamber of Commerce Tourist informationradio service
FM100.7 CIAY-FM Life 100.7 Religious broadcasting New Life FM
FM102.1 CFWY-FM Ici Radio-Canada Première Talk radio,public radio Association Franco-Yukonnaise Community-owned rebroadcaster ofCBUF-FM(Vancouver)
FM104.5 CBU-FM-8 CBC Music Assorted music,public radio Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Rebroadcaster ofCBU-FM(Vancouver)
Building for theWhitehorse Daily Star.TheDaily Staris one of three newspapers operating in Whitehorse.

Whitehorse is also served by CIY270, aWeatheradio Canadastation broadcasting at 162.400 MHz on theweather band.

Television

edit

Local cable providerNorthwesTelhosts three local television channels: Community Cable 9,[96]an advertisement slide-show channel and a public service channel.[97]

CBC Televisionoperated an affiliate in Whitehorse,CFWH-TV,from 1968 to 2012. Initially served using the Frontier Coverage Package untilAniksatellite broadcasts became available early in 1973; this transmitter was shut down on July 31, 2012, due to budget cuts.[98][99]Until 2009, there was a low-powered repeater ofEdmonton'sCITV-TVprovidingGlobal Television Networkprogramming to the area.[citation needed].

Print

edit

Whitehorse's two major English-language newspapers are theWhitehorse Daily Star(founded as a weekly in 1900, it currently published three times per week) and theYukon News(founded as a weekly in 1960 by Ken Shortt, published five days a week from 1967 to 1999, and currently prints twice weekly). Other local newspapers includeWhat's Up Yukon(a local free music, arts, culture, events, weekly founded in 2005) and a French-language newspaperL'Aurore boréale(founded in 1983).[100]

The quarterly magazineYukon, North of Ordinarystarted in 2007.[101]

Infrastructure

edit

Emergency services

edit

Whitehorse contracts out its police service to theRoyal Canadian Mounted Police,with the main police station on 4th avenue in the city centre. Whitehorse's ambulance service are run by Yukon Government's Emergency Medical Services[102]and is staffed by full-time Primary Care Paramedics (PCP) and Advanced Care Paramedics (ACP). Whitehorse's Search and Rescue (SAR) is ensured by a partnership between the RCMP, YG's Emergency Measures Organization (EMO) and volunteer SAR teams.[103]

Offices for theRoyal Canadian Mounted PoliceM Division. Policing in Whitehorse is carried out by the RCMP.

Whitehorse has its own fire service, known as City of Whitehorse Fire Department (WHFD) with two fire stations. The first, Station #1, located in the city centre at the corner of Second Avenue and Steele Street, and Station #2 (305 B Range Road) atop "Two Mile Hill" on the west side, with room for three trucks. It was built in 2010 to become a public safety building.[104][105]The original fire hall located along on the waterfront has been preserved as a historic building and cultural centre. The Fire Department currently operates with thirty-three full-time staff and approximately ten volunteers. Both fire stations are staffed 24/7 through a rotation of four platoons of six firefighters and one dispatcher.

WHFD is equipped and trained to respond to Motor vehicle Accidents, high and low angle rescue, confined space, and static water ice rescue. Haz-mat, swift water and urban search and rescue are not under the department's current capabilities or can only be responded to at awareness levels. All medical emergencies are responded to by Yukon Government Emergency Medical Services. All aircraft emergencies are dealt with by the Eric Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport(ENWIA) ARFF fire department with mutual aid agreement activities from WHFD.[106]Whitehorse Fire Department is professionally represented by theIAFF and the BCPFFA.[107]

Whitehorse Fire Department is the largest municipal fire department in the territory and the only professional one. Though they are 13% of the total population of firefighters in the territory, WHFD protects 82% of the population, and responds to 84% of fire calls within the Yukon. WHFD falls under the authority of the Yukon Fire Marshals Office (FMO) and reports directly to it. Fire and life safety inspection throughout the City of Whitehorse are conducted by the Whitehorse Fire Department duty crews as well as designated Fire Prevention Officers under the direction of Municipal Bylaw 2000–01 "Emergency Services Bylaw" with authority from the current edition of the National Fire Code of Canada.

Wildland fire crews also operate in the summer to combat the forest fires across the territory. They will lend assistance to crews in B.C., Alberta, and the other territories as needed.

Energy grid

edit

Yukon Energyoperates four conventional hydroelectric generating stations: Whitehorse Dam (40 MW), Aishihik Lake (37 MW), Mayo A (5 MW), and Mayo B (10 MW), which provide the bulk of generation for the Yukon Energy grid. An additional 39 MW of diesel generation is maintained for supplemental back-up.[108]

Additionally, Yukon Energy operated two wind turbines near Whitehorse, which were decommissioned in 2018. Four new turbines are under construction and expected to begin feeding electricity into the grid during the winter of 2023/2024.[109]

Health care

edit
Whitehorse General Hospitalis the only hospital in the city.

The first "White Horse General Hospital"(WGH) was built in the downtown area in 1902 with a 10-bed capacity. DuringWorld War Ibeds increased to 30, 10 beds were added in 1943, then 20 beds in 1949, and an operating wing was added in 1951. In 1959 the hospital was rebuilt on the other bank of the Yukon River, across from its previous location, but decision making was still based in Ottawa (National Health and Welfare, Medical Services Branch).[110]The downtown area has several private medical, dental, and optometry clinics.

In 1990, the Yukon Hospital Corporation (YHC) was created in order to prepare the transfer of powers regarding the hospital from the Federal Government to the Yukon Territorial Government. In April 1993 management of WGH was officially transferred to the YHC following a collaboration with the Yukon government and Council of Yukon First Nations (CYFN, then CYI). Construction of the present building lasted from 1994 through 1997. Today Whitehorse General hospital counts 49 in-patient beds, 10 day-surgery beds, an ER department, OR suites and several medical imaging technologies.[citation needed]

Transportation

edit

Air

edit

Whitehorse is served by theErik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airportand has, as of 2022, scheduled service toVancouver,Kelowna,Victoria,Calgary,Edmonton,Dawson City,Old CrowandInuvik.Seasonal scheduled service is provided toYellowknife(nonstop),Ottawa(via Yellowknife), andToronto(via Yellowknife), as well asFrankfurt,Germany (nonstop). The airport was developed as part of the Northwest Staging Route in 1941–42 and has two long paved runways. A wartime-era hangar served as terminal building from about 1960, and was replaced in December 1985 with a modern terminal.Air North,a scheduled passenger and cargo airline operatingBoeing 737jetliners andATR 42turboprops, is based in Whitehorse.[111]Alkan Air provides charter and medical services and also operates a flying school.

Bridge of theAlaska Highwaycrossing over theTeslin RiveratJohnsons Crossing

Roads

edit

Surface access to Whitehorse is provided by a network of highways, including the internationalAlaska Highwayconnecting the Yukon with Alaska, British Columbia, andAlbertahighway networks.

Whitehorse has been described as "pearls on a string", with its residential, industrial, and service subdivisions located along the main thoroughfares that carry traffic within city limits, with large gaps of undeveloped (often hilly) land between them. TheAlaska Highwayis the primary roadway, with branch roads reaching additional subdivisions. One such branch road, signed as "Highway 1A" and following Two Mile Hill Road, 4th Avenue, 2nd Avenue, and Robert Service Way, is the main access to downtown, Riverdale, and the Marwell Industrial Area.

The cityroadnetwork is adequate, although it is congested during rush hours and discussions occasionally occur as to how it might better be managed, such as designating one-way streets.[112][113]

Public transit

edit
Main article:Whitehorse Waterfront Trolley
TheWhitehorse Waterfront Trolleyis aheritage streetcarservice that operated from 2000 to 2018 and again 2024.

Whitehorse Transitprovides bus service on weekdays from about 6:40 am to 10 pm, and on weekends and holiday to about 8 pm. For passengers who have difficulty using the transit buses, there is a Handy Bus Service.

There is a waterfront tram, known asthe "trolley",which provides transport along a short rail section along the Yukon River in the Summer; it is leisure- and tourist-oriented, operated by a non-profit society, and not integrated into the municipal transit system. It runs from the Roundhouse to Rotary Peace Park, located on the south end of the city centre (the Northern stretch between Roundhouse and Spook Creek Station was included until 2018, but the City administration has removed necessary train tracks since) on a small portion of the tracks formerly belonging toWhite Pass and Yukon Route.

Other than that, Whitehorse presently has no active railway service.

The White Pass Railway offers seasonal service betweenSkagway, AlaskaandCarcross,72 km (45 mi) south of Whitehorse.

Water

edit

The Yukon River is essentially navigable from Whitehorse to theBering Sea.At 640 m (2,100 ft) above sea level, the river at Whitehorse is thehighest point on earththat can be reached by watercraft navigating from the sea. Currently, no passenger or freight services use the river at Whitehorse.[114]

Sister cities

edit

Historical sister city partnerships:

Notable people

edit

Notable politicians include the first female mayor of Whitehorse, in 1975,Ione Christensen,whose family had moved to Whitehorse in 1949.

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^"About Whitehorse – Whitehorse, YT".www.city.whitehorse.yk.ca.Archived fromthe originalon 2016-05-05.Retrieved2015-10-21.
  2. ^"Whitehorse".Geographical Names Data Base.Natural Resources Canada.Retrieved15 August2021.
  3. ^"Demonyms—From coast to coast to coast – Language articles – Language Portal of Canada".Archived fromthe originalon 2014-08-30.Retrieved2014-08-24.
  4. ^abPinard, Jean-Paul (September 2007)."Wind Climate of the Whitehorse Area"(PDF).Arctic.60(3):227–237.doi:10.14430/arctic215.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2017-08-10.Retrieved2017-10-25.
  5. ^"Sunrise and sunset times in Whitehorse, June 2018".www.timeanddate.com.
  6. ^ab"Whitehorse".The Canadian Encyclopedia.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-08-14.Retrieved2011-03-25.
  7. ^Guinness World Records 2013,Page 036 (Hardcover edition).ISBN9781904994879
  8. ^"Census Profile, 2021 Census – Whitehorse, City [Census subdivision], Yukon and Yukon, Territory [Census division], Yukon".www12.statcan.gc.ca.Statistics Canada-Government of Canada. 30 January 2022.
  9. ^"Census Profile, 2021 Census – Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations".www12.statcan.gc.ca.Statistics Canada-Government of Canada. 13 February 2022.
  10. ^"Yukon Population 2023".worldpopulationreview.com.Retrieved2023-07-23.
  11. ^"Whitehorse | The Canadian Encyclopedia".www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca.Retrieved2023-07-23.
  12. ^"The History of Whitehorse, Canada | Shuttle Alaska".Alaska Shuttle.Retrieved2023-07-23.
  13. ^"The History of Whitehorse, Yukon".www.explorenorth.com.Retrieved2023-07-23.
  14. ^sharlene (2003-07-06)."Miles Canyon and Canyon City".wend.ca.Retrieved2023-07-23.
  15. ^"Yukon Nuggets – Facts, Photos and News Radio".yukonnuggets.com.Retrieved2023-07-23.
  16. ^Markusoff, Jason (2016-10-13)."Inside the wild Canadian past of the Trump family".Macleans.ca.Retrieved2023-07-23.
  17. ^"Company Info".White Pass & Yukon Route Railway.Retrieved2023-07-23.
  18. ^"Whitehorse Daily Star: Whitehorse swept by fire".Whitehorse Daily Star.
  19. ^Gwenda Blair (2000). The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire. Simon and Schuster.ISBN978-0-7432-1079-9.
  20. ^"The Whitehorse Interactive Traveller's Guide".pp. History–>Facts–>Whitehorse–>The Name "Whitehorse".Retrieved2006-07-03.
  21. ^Robert G. Woodall, The Postal History of Yukon, Canada, Lawrence, MA, Quarterman, Revised edition, ©1976,ISBN0-88000-086-4,p.239
  22. ^"Whitehorse Keymap".Whitehorse Topography and Zoning.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-09-02.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  23. ^"BYLAW 426"(PDF).OFFICE CONSOLIDATION To Bylaw 94-02 Passed January 24, 1994.City of Whithorse. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2011-09-28.Retrieved2011-03-27.
  24. ^"Protected Areas within City Limits".City of Whitehorse.Retrieved2011-03-27.
  25. ^"A downhill slide".Yukon News.9 April 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-03-11.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  26. ^Planning Division, Reid, Crowther (1970).General development plan, Whitehorse metropolitan area.Yukon Government Archives: Reid, Crowther & Partners. Archived fromthe originalon July 18, 2012.Retrieved2011-03-26.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ab "Whitehorse Riverdale".Environment and Climate Change Canada. 25 September 2013.Retrieved16 June2016.
  28. ^ab "Daily Data Report for January 1906".Environment and Climate Change Canada. 22 September 2015.Retrieved16 June2016.
  29. ^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020".Environment and Climate Change Canada.RetrievedJune 12,2024.
  30. ^"Whitehorse A".CanadianClimate Normals 1981–2010.Environment and Climate Change Canada.31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2101300.Retrieved2014-07-30.
  31. ^ "Whitehorse".Environment and Climate Change Canada. 22 September 2015.Retrieved16 June2016.
  32. ^"Daily Data Report for January 2013".Canadian Climate Data.Environment and Climate Change Canada. 17 February 2022.
  33. ^"Whitehorse, Canada – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast".Weather Atlas.Yu Media Group.Retrieved2019-07-06.
  34. ^ "Daily Data Report for January 2009".Environment and Climate Change Canada. 22 September 2015.Retrieved16 June2016.
  35. ^ "Daily Data Report for July 2009".Environment and Climate Change Canada. 22 September 2015.Retrieved16 June2016.
  36. ^"CBC AM transmitter gets three years' grace".Whitehorse Star.14 July 2009.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  37. ^"Camp Takhini".Down North, A Dependent's Notes of Interest.© Jean Watts 2002.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  38. ^"Animal FAQ".Bylaw Services.City of Whitehorse.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  39. ^"try Residential – Whitehorse".Socio-Economic Web Portal.© Yukon Bureau of Statistics. Archived fromthe originalon 2019-06-20.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  40. ^"Whitehorse Copper History".Planning and Development.City of Whitehorse.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  41. ^"Whistle Bend".Development and Planning, Lot Sales.City of Whitehorse.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  42. ^"Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1901–1961".1961 Census of Canada(PDF).Series 1.1: Historical, 1901–1961. Vol. I: Population. Ottawa:Dominion Bureau of Statistics.March 8, 1963.RetrievedJanuary 30,2022.
  43. ^"Table 2: Population of Census Subdivisions, 1921–1971".1971 Census of Canada(PDF).Population. Vol. Census Subdivisions (Historical). Ottawa:Statistics Canada.July 1973.RetrievedJanuary 30,2022.
  44. ^"1976 Census of Canada: Population - Geographic Distributions"(PDF).Statistics Canada.June 1977.RetrievedJanuary 30,2022.
  45. ^"1981 Census of Canada: Census subdivisions in decreasing population order"(PDF).Statistics Canada.May 1992.RetrievedJanuary 30,2021.
  46. ^"1986 Census: Population - Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions"(PDF).Statistics Canada.September 1987.RetrievedJanuary 30,2022.
  47. ^"91 Census: Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions - Population and Dwelling Counts"(PDF).Statistics Canada.April 1992.RetrievedJanuary 30,2022.
  48. ^"96 Census: A National Overview - Population and Dwelling Counts"(PDF).Statistics Canada.April 1997.RetrievedJanuary 30,2022.
  49. ^"Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data (Yukon Territory)".Statistics Canada.August 15, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 30,2022.
  50. ^"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Yukon Territory)".Statistics Canada.August 20, 2021.RetrievedJanuary 30,2022.
  51. ^"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Yukon)".Statistics Canada.July 25, 2021.RetrievedJanuary 30,2022.
  52. ^"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Yukon)".Statistics Canada.February 8, 2017.RetrievedJanuary 30,2022.
  53. ^ab"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Yukon".Statistics Canada.February 9, 2022.RetrievedFebruary 18,2022.
  54. ^abcdeGovernment of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26)."Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population".www12.statcan.gc.ca.Retrieved2022-11-11.
  55. ^Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-27)."Census Profile, 2016 Census".www12.statcan.gc.ca.Retrieved2023-01-15.
  56. ^Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27)."NHS Profile".www12.statcan.gc.ca.Retrieved2023-01-15.
  57. ^Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-08-20)."2006 Community Profiles".www12.statcan.gc.ca.Retrieved2023-01-15.
  58. ^Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02)."2001 Community Profiles".www12.statcan.gc.ca.Retrieved2023-01-15.
  59. ^Statistics Canada(8 February 2012)."Focus on Geography Series, 2011 Census".Retrieved16 February2015.
  60. ^"Mother tongue by geography, 2021 Census".Retrieved5 August2023.
  61. ^"City of Whitehorse 2007 Trail Plan".Whitehorse.ca.Retrieved2011-03-02.
  62. ^"Mt. McIntyre Recreation Centre".Retrieved2011-03-26.
  63. ^"Mount Sima".Retrieved2011-03-26.
  64. ^"Mad Trapper Alleys".Archived fromthe originalon 2011-08-13.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  65. ^"Canada Games – Winter 2007".2007canadagames.ca.Retrieved2011-03-02.
  66. ^"Arctic Winter Games 2008".Archived fromthe originalon 2007-11-01.Retrieved2007-10-27.
  67. ^"Annual International Bonspiel".Archived fromthe originalon 2022-01-31.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  68. ^"Dustball information".Retrieved2011-03-26.
  69. ^"Whitehorse Glacier Bears".Retrieved2019-01-18.
  70. ^"Public Works".City of Whitehorse.Retrieved2011-03-27.
  71. ^"View map of Yukon Electoral Districts (2002)".Maps.Elections Yukon.Retrieved2011-03-27.
  72. ^"Election Call".Yukon Elections.Elections Yukon.Retrieved2011-03-27.
  73. ^"Official Voting Results Raw Data (poll by poll results in Whitehorse)".Elections Canada. 7 April 2022.RetrievedMay 3,2023.
  74. ^"Yukon Courts".Yukon Department of Justice.Retrieved2011-03-27.
  75. ^"National Defence".www.jtfn.forces.gc.ca.Archived fromthe originalon 2012-11-13.
  76. ^[1]ArchivedNovember 26, 2010, at theWayback Machine
  77. ^"Yukon Education Student Network – Schools".Yesnet.yk.ca. 2011-02-01.Retrieved2011-03-02.
  78. ^"School Councils".Education.© Government of Yukon 2011.Retrieved2011-03-29.
  79. ^"Learn about Yukon's school curriculum".yukon.ca.2019-05-22.Retrieved2021-07-11.
  80. ^"Grey Mountain Primary".
  81. ^"Christ the King Elementary School".yesnet.yk.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  82. ^"Elijah Smith Elementary School".yesnet.yk.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  83. ^"Golden Horn Elementary School".yesnet.yk.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  84. ^"Untitled Document".yesnet.yk.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  85. ^"Holy Family Elementary School".yesnet.yk.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  86. ^"Jack Hulland Elementary School".yesnet.yk.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  87. ^"Selkirk Elementary School".yesnet.yk.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  88. ^"Takhini Elementary School".yesnet.yk.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  89. ^"École Whitehorse Elementary".
  90. ^"Vanier Catholic Secondary School – Home".Vanier Catholic Secondary School.Archived fromthe originalon 2 July 2022.Retrieved25 September2015.
  91. ^"F.H. Collins Secondary School".
  92. ^"Porter Creek Secondary School".yesnet.yk.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  93. ^"École Émilie-Tremblay".csfy.ca.Archived fromthe originalon 25 September 2015.Retrieved25 September2015.
  94. ^"Wood St. School".
  95. ^"Whitehorse Individual Learning Centre".yesnet.yk.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  96. ^"Whitehorse Community Cable 9 Weekly Schedule".NorthwesTel.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-03-01.Retrieved2011-03-25.
  97. ^"Community Television".NorthwesTel.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-03-15.Retrieved2011-03-25.
  98. ^"April 4".radio-canada.ca.Retrieved25 September2015.
  99. ^(CRTC), Government of Canada, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (17 July 2012)."ARCHIVED – Revocation of licences for the rebroadcasting stations CBIT Sydney and CBKST Saskatoon and licence amendment to remove analog transmitters for 23 English- and French-language television stations".www.crtc.gc.ca.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  100. ^"À propos".auroreboreale.ca.Archived fromthe originalon 2019-01-20.Retrieved2019-01-19.
  101. ^Chauvin, PIerre (2016-11-04)."This Yukon magazine is north of awardinary".Yukon News.Retrieved2024-04-06.
  102. ^"Emergency Medical Services".YG Department of Community Services.© Government of Yukon 2011.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  103. ^"Search and Rescue".YG – Department of Community Services.© Government of Yukon 2011.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  104. ^"Fire Department".City Departments.City of Whitehorse.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  105. ^"Fire Department Background"(PDF).APPLICANT INFORMATION PACKAGE.City of Whitehorse. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2011-09-28.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  106. ^"Whitehorse, YT: Home".www.whitehorse.ca.Retrieved2016-06-08.
  107. ^"Welcome to the IAFF Website".www.iaff.org.Retrieved2016-06-08.
  108. ^"Our Facilities".Yukon Energy. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-01-15.Retrieved2012-12-31.
  109. ^"New wind turbines going up on Whitehorse's Haeckel Hill".CBC. 3 July 2023.Retrieved5 August2023.
  110. ^"History".About Us.Yukon Hospital Corporation. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-03-21.Retrieved2011-03-26.
  111. ^"Air North, Yukon's Airline".www.flyairnorth.com.
  112. ^"YESAB Registry".yesabregistry.ca.Retrieved2022-07-20.
  113. ^"Whitehorse Daily Star: 'More people equals more traffic,' city reminded".Whitehorse Daily Star.Retrieved2022-07-20.
  114. ^"General Information Covering River Transportation System".www.alaskarails.org.Retrieved2023-07-23.
  115. ^"The City and Borough of Juneau Homepage".juneau.org.Archived fromthe originalon May 4, 2007.RetrievedNovember 17,2007.
  116. ^"Lancieux, France Sister City Program".City of Whitehorse.Archived fromthe originalon October 27, 2014.Retrieved2014-10-27.
  117. ^"Ushiku, Japan Sister City Program".City of Whitehorse.Archived fromthe originalon October 27, 2014.Retrieved2014-10-27.
  118. ^"Ushiku mayor bids thanks, farewell to Whitehorse".Whitehorse Daily Star.9 August 2005.Retrieved2011-03-19.
  119. ^"Item 12660"(PDF).Shire of Campaspe – Minutes.16 September 2008. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2016-04-11.Retrieved2011-03-19.
  120. ^"Stephanie Dixon honoured with appointment to Order of Canada – Yukon News".5 January 2018.
  121. ^"Robert W. Service (1874–1958) Yukon Bard & Adventurer: Robert Service's Bust in Whitehorse".robertwservice.blogspot.fr.Retrieved25 September2015.
  122. ^"Robert W. Service (1874–1958) Yukon Bard & Adventurer: Jumelage Whitehorse-Lancieux, September 27th 2013".robertwservice.blogspot.fr.Retrieved25 September2015.
  123. ^"Sports-Reference".Sports-Reference. Archived fromthe originalon 2020-04-18.Retrieved2011-03-02.
  1. ^Climate data was recorded in the area ofdowntown Whitehorsefrom July 1900 to March 1942 and at Whitehorse Airport from April 1942 to present.
  2. ^Composite station data: Whitehorse Auto - Climate ID: 2101310, WMO ID: 71773,60°43′59″N135°05′52″W/ 60.73306°N 135.09778°W/60.73306; -135.09778(Whitehorse Auto),707 m (2,320 ft) and Whitehorse A - Climate ID: 2101300 / 2101303, WMO ID: 71964 / 71964,60°42′34.2″N135°04′07.8″W/ 60.709500°N 135.068833°W/60.709500; -135.068833(Whitehorse A)/60°42′34″N135°04′02″W/ 60.70944°N 135.06722°W/60.70944; -135.06722(Whitehorse A),706.2 m (2,317 ft)
  3. ^Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  4. ^Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ^Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  6. ^Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  7. ^Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority,n.i.e."and" Multiple visible minorities "under visible minority section on census.
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related toWhitehorse, Yukon.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehorse&oldid=1276118788"