Year1197(MCXCVII) was acommon year starting on Wednesday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
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Events
editBy place
editEurope
edit- Spring – EmperorHenry VItravels toItalyto persuade PopeCelestine IIIto crown his infant sonFrederick II,who has been elected "King of the Romans" atFrankfurt.
- KingRichard I(the Lionheart) hasChâteau Gaillard(Normandy) built on theSeine Riveras he fights to restoreAngevinpower in northernFrance(approximate date).
- Summer – Henry VI takes cruel measures to put down an insurrection inSicilyand southern Italy, which has been provoked by the oppression of his German officials.
- September 28– Henry VI dies ofmalariaatMessina(also possibly poisoned),[1]while preparing an expedition against the Byzantine usurperAlexios III(Angelos).
- Autumn – AGerman civil warbegins upon the sudden death of Henry VI. Henry's brother,Philip of Swabia,takes over the family lands and claims his inheritance.[2]
- Autumn – Adynastic feudbreaks out betweenEmeric, King of Hungaryand his younger brotherDuke Andrew.After a brief skirmish, Emeric is forced to cedeCroatiaandDalmatiato Andrew, who begins to administer the provinces as ade factosovereign monarch.[3]
- Winter – DukeOttokar Iforces his brother,Vladislaus III,to abandonBohemia.Ottokar restores power and Vladislaus accepts themargravialtitle ofMoravia.
- Saracenpirates, from theBalearic Islands,raid the city ofTouloninProvence,and theBenedictinemonastery of Saint Honorat,on theLérins Islands.[4]
- Northern Crusades:Danish forces led by KingCanute VIraid the area of present-dayEstonia.[5]
Wales
edit- April 28–Rhys ap Gruffydd,a Welsh prince, dies and is succeeded by his eldest sonGruffydd ap Rhys II.With the help ofGwenwynwyn,his brotherMaelgwn ap Rhysinvades southernWales.
- Summer – Gruffydd ap Rhys II is captured and handed over to Gwenwynwyn, who transfers him to the English. Gruffydd is imprisoned atCorfe Castleand Maelgwn ap Rhys claims the throne.
Levant
edit- September 10–Henry I(orHenry II), king ofJerusalem,dies from falling out a first-floor window at his palace inAcre.His widow,Isabella I,becomesregentwhile the kingdom is thrown into consternation.[6]
- September 22– About 16,000 German crusaders reach Acre, starting thecrusade of 1197.Emperor Henry VI, who planned to join the forces later on, was forced to stay behind in Sicily due to illness. On September 28 he dies at Messina. Meanwhile the crusaders manage to reconquer Sidon and Beirut but return to Germany after receiving the news of the emperor's death.
Asia
edit- Genghis Khan(orTemüjin), with help from theKeraites,defeats theJurchensof theJin Dynasty.The Jin bestowed Genghis'blood brotherToghrulwith the honorable title ofOng Khan,and Genghis receives the lesser title ofj'aut quri.During the winter, Toghrul returns and re-establishes himself as leader of the Keraites.[7]
By topic
editReligion
edit- Arbroath Abbeylocated in the Scottish town ofArbroath,is consecrated and dedicated to St.Thomas Becket.
Births
edit- October 22–Juntoku,emperor ofJapan(d.1242)
- Amadeus IV,count ofSavoy(House of Savoy) (d.1253)
- Dharmasvamin,Tibetan monk andpilgrim(d.1264)
- Ibn al-Baitar,Moorish botanist and pharmacist (d.1248)
- John de Braose(Tadody), Englishnobleman(or1198)
- Naratheinga Uzana,Burmese prince andregent(d.1235)
- Nicola Paglia,Italian priest and preacher (d.1256)
- Nikephoros Blemmydes,Byzantine theologian (d.1272)
- Oberto Pallavicino,Italian nobleman (signore) (d.1269)
- Raymond VII,French nobleman and knight (d.1249)
- Richard of Chichester,bishop ofChichester(d. 1253)
- William de Braose,English nobleman (d.1230)
Deaths
edit- April 23–Davyd Rostislavich,Kievan Grand Prince (b.1140)
- April 28–Rhys ap Gruffydd,Welsh prince ofDeheubarth
- June 1–Gertrude of Bavaria,queen consort ofDenmark
- July 9–Rudolf of Wied(orRudolph), archbishop ofTrier
- September 10–Henry I(orHenry II), king ofJerusalem(b.1166)
- September 18–Margaret of France,daughter ofLouis VII
- September 28–Henry VI,Holy Roman Emperor (b.1165)[8]
- November 13–Homobonus of Cremona,Italian merchant
- December 12–Wu(orXiansheng), Chinese empress (b.1115)
- Alix of France,French countess consort and regent (b.1150)
- Bretislav III,bishop ofPrague(House of Přemyslid) (b.1137)
- Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani,ArabHanafijurist (b.1135)
- Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi,Arab scholar and theologian
- Jón Loftsson,Icelandic chieftain and politician (b.1124)
- Jordan Lupin,Italo-Norman nobleman and rebel leader
- Margaritus of Brindisi,Sicilian Grand Admiral (b.1149)
- Owain ap Gruffydd(orCyfeiliog), Welsh prince (b.1130)
- Peter II(orTheodor-Peter), ruler (tsar) of theBulgaria
- Peter Cantor(the Chanter), French theologian and writer
- Ruadhri Ua Flaithbertaigh,Irish king ofIar Connacht
- Tughtakin ibn Ayyub,Ayyubid emir (prince) ofArabia
- Walter Devereux,Norman nobleman and knight (b.1173)
- William de Longchamp,Norman nobleman and bishop
References
edit- ^"Henry VI died in Messina, poisoned, so it was believed, by his own entourage because of his Italian policy." P. 41 in Kenneth Varty (editor), Reynard the Fox: Social Engagement and Cultural Metamorphoses in the Beast Epic from the Middle Ages to the Present (Berghahn Books, 2000).ISBN1-57181-737-9.
- ^Steven Runciman(1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre,pp. 92–93.ISBN978-0-241-29877-0.
- ^Engel, Pál (2001).The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526.I.B. Tauris Publishers. pp. 86–87.ISBN1-86064-061-3.
- ^Unité mixte de recherche 5648--Histoire et archéologie des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux.Pays d'Islam et monde latin, Xe-XIIIe siècle: textes et documents.Lyon: Presses Universitaires de Lyon.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^Sulev Vahtre(2007). Eesti ajalugu: kronoloogia, 2007. Printed by "Olion". Pg 21.
- ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre,p. 78.ISBN978-0-241-29877-0.
- ^Biran, Michal (2012).Genghis Khan,p. 35. London: Oneworld Publications.ISBN978-1-78074-204-5.
- ^Kleinhenz, Christopher (August 2, 2004).Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia.Routledge. p. 492.ISBN978-1-135-94880-1.