Year1542(MDXLII) was acommon year starting on Sunday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| Gregorian calendar | 1542 MDXLII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2295 |
| Armenian calendar | 991 ԹՎ ՋՂԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6292 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1463–1464 |
| Bengali calendar | 949 |
| Berber calendar | 2492 |
| English Regnal year | 33Hen. 8– 34Hen. 8 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2086 |
| Burmese calendar | 904 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7050–7051 |
| Chinese calendar | Tân sửuNiên (MetalOx) 4239 or 4032 — to — Nhâm dần niên (WaterTiger) 4240 or 4033 |
| Coptic calendar | 1258–1259 |
| Discordian calendar | 2708 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1534–1535 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5302–5303 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1598–1599 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1463–1464 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4642–4643 |
| Holocene calendar | 11542 |
| Igbo calendar | 542–543 |
| Iranian calendar | 920–921 |
| Islamic calendar | 948–949 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenbun11 ( thiên văn １１ niên ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1460–1461 |
| Julian calendar | 1542 MDXLII |
| Korean calendar | 3875 |
| Minguo calendar | 370 beforeROC Dân tiền 370 niên |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 74 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2084–2085 |
| Tibetan calendar | Âm kim ngưu niên (female Iron-Ox) 1668 or 1287 or 515 — to — Dương thủy hổ niên (male Water-Tiger) 1669 or 1288 or 516 |
Events
editJanuary–March
edit- January 6– In theYucatanpeninsula in Mexico, the Spanish colonists create the new town ofMérida.
- January 16– The 8th Parliament of Henry VIII assembles at Westminster after having been summoned on November 23.
- January 20– The first legislature for theVoivode of Transylvaniameets atVásárhelyin the Kingdom of Hungary (now Târgu Mureș inRomania).
- January 23–Tutul-Xiu,theMayanruler of theManíin Yucatán, arrives at the Spanish settlement of Merida with food supplies for the colonists and offers to assist the Spaniards in their conquest of Yucatan in return for being installed as the leading Mayan ruler in Mexico.[1]
- February 2–Battle of Baçente:ThePortugueseunderCristóvão da Gamacapture aMuslim-occupied hillfort in northernEthiopia.
- February 13–Catherine Howard,until recently theQueen consort of Englandand the wife of King Henry VIII, is executed by beheading, two days after the King givesroyal assentto abill of attainderpassed by the English Parliament on February 7.[2]Catherine had been arrested in November on accusations that she had sexual relations withThomas Culpeper.
- February 14–Guadalajara,Mexico, is founded by theSpaniardsafter three previous attempts failed, due to aggressive opposition from local tribes.[3]
- February 15–Antoine Escalin des Aimarsof France completes the negotiation with the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman for theFranco-Ottoman alliance.[4]
- March 8–Antoine Escalin des Eymars,the French ambassador, returns fromConstantinople,with promises of Ottoman aid in a war againstCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[5]
April–June
edit- April 1– As the 1542 session of the English Parliament ends, King Henry VIII givesroyal assentto numerous laws, including theWitchcraft Act,theTreason Act,and theLeases by Corporations Act.
- April 4– TheBattle of Jartebegins inEthiopiaas the Army of thePortuguese Empire,commanded byCristóvão da Gamaencounters the army of the Ethiopian ruler, the ImamAhmad Gragn,achieving a victory on April 16.
- May 19– TheProme Kingdom,in modern-day centralBurma,is conquered by theTaungoo Dynasty.
- June 18– TheParliament of Irelandpasses theCrown of Ireland Act,which dissolves the title ofLord of Irelandand reestablishes it to theKingdom of Ireland,with its last Lord,Henry VIII of England,becoming its first king.
- June 27–Juan Rodriguez Cabrillosets sail to explore the northwest of the Pacific Ocean.[6]
July–September
edit- July 21–Pope Paul IIIestablishes theHoly Officewith the bullLicet ab initio,with jurisdiction over theRoman Inquisition.[7][8]
- July 23– (10th day of 6th month ofTenbun11) InJapan,a six-year rebellion within theDate clanwhen clan leaderDate Tanemune,returning home from a day offalconry,is attacked by his oldest son,Date Harumune,and imprisoned atKōri-Nishiyama CastleinFukushima Prefecture.Tanemune is rescued by an aide, Koyanagigawa Munetomo, and escapes. The war lasts for six years before Harumune triumphs and becomes the new leader of the Date clan.[9]
- July 24–Guelders Wars:Maarten van RossumleavesAntwerp,having failed to take it by siege.
- August 24–Battle of Haddon Rig:ScotlanddefeatsEngland.[10]
- August 27– Citizens ofHildesheimin theHoly Roman Empireprofess themselves to the Lutheran teachings, thus joining theSchmalkaldic League.[11]As a pledge owner, the city provides for the carrying out of theProtestant Reformationin the city andPeine.Priests from the localities of Clauen,Hohenhameln,Soßmar,Schmedenstedt,Lengedeand Rosenthal resume their offices in the interest of the Reformation.
- August 28–Battle of WoflainEthiopia:Reinforced with at least 2900 arquebusiers and cavalry, theImamAhmad Gragnattacks thePortuguesecamp. The Portuguese are scattered;Cristóvão da Gamais captured and executed.[12]
- September 4– The earliest recordedPreston GuildCourt is held inLancashire,England, in the modern sequence, which lasts unbroken until1922.
- September 28–Juan Rodríguez Cabrillolands in what is nowSan Diego Bay,and names it "San Miguel", claiming it for the Spanish Empire. San Miguel will later become the city ofSan Diego.[6]This marks the first time a European sees what is now the U.S. state ofCalifornia.[13]
October–December
edit- October 7– Cabrillo becomes the first European to set foot on California'sSanta Catalina Island.[14]
- November 9– KingJames V of Scotlandwrites a letter toPope Paul IIIand notes that he defied Henry VIII's attempts to convert him to theProtestant faith.[15]
- November 24–Battle of Solway Moss:AnEnglisharmy invadesScotland,and defeats a Scottish army.[16]
- November 27–Palace plot of Renyin year:A group ofMing dynastypalace womenfail to murder theJiajing Emperor,and are executed byslow-slicing.[17]
- December 14–Mary, Queen of Scots,aged six days, becomesqueen regnanton the death of her father,James V of Scotland.[18]
Date unknown
edit- The first contact ofJapanwith the West occurs when aPortugueseship, blown off its course to China, lands Antonio Pexoto, Francisco Zeimoto andAntónio Motain Japan, according toAntónio Galvão.[19]According to the Japanese booksTanegashima KafuandTeppoki,it is stated they landed in 1543.[19]
- Bartolomé de las CasascompletesA Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies,which will be published in1552.[20]
Births
edit
- February 1–John Scudamore,English politician (d.1623)[21]
- February 22–Santino Garsi da Parma,Italian musician (d.1604)[22]
- March 19–Jan Zamoyski,Polish nobleman (d.1605)[23]
- April 29–Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels(d.1587)[24]
- May 5–Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter,English politician (d.1623)[25]
- May 11–Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee,Swiss Catholic bishop (d.1608)[26]
- May 16–Anna Sibylle of Hanau-Lichtenberg,German noblewoman, daughter of Count Philip IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d.1580)[27]
- June 15–Richard Grenville,English politician (d.1591)[28]
- June 24–John of the Cross,Spanish Carmelite mystic, theologian, poet (d.1591)[29]
- July 25–Magnus, Duke of Östergötland,Swedish prince (d.1595)[30]
- BetweenAugust 18andAugust 28–Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland(d.1601)[31]
- August 27–John Frederick, Duke of Pomeraniaand Protestant Bishop of Cammin (d.1600)[32]
- August 31–Isabella de' Medici,Italian princess (d.1576)[33]
- September 25–Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg,sister of William the Silent (d.1603)[34]
- October 1–Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira,Spanish explorer (d.1595)
- October 4–Robert Bellarmine,Italian saint (d.1621)[35]
- October 14–Philip IV, Count of Nassau-Weilburg(d.1602)[36]
- October 15–Akbar,Mughal Emperor (d.1605)[37]
- October 31–Henriette of Cleves,Duchess of Nevers, Countess of Rethel (d.1601)[38]
- November 1–Tarquinia Molza,Italian singer (d.1617)[39]
- November 9–Anders Sørensen Vedel,Danish historian (d.1616)[40]
- November 11–Scipione Gonzaga,Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1593)[41]
- December 8–Mary, Queen of Scots(d.1587)[42]
- December 21–Thomas Allen,English mathematician and astrologer, some suggest1540(d.1632)[43]
- date unknown
- Joris Hoefnagel,Dutch painter and engraver (d.1601)[44]
- Toda Kazuaki,Japanese samurai in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu (d.1604)[45]
- Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield,lover ofRobert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester(d.1608)[46]
- Horio Yoshiharu,Japanese daimyō (d.1611)
- Kuki Yoshitaka,Japanese naval commander (d.1600)[47]
Deaths
edit
- January 21–Azai Sukemasa,Japanese samurai and warlord (b.1491)[48]
- February–Nikolaus Federmann,German adventurer in Venezuela and Colombia (b.1501)[49]
- February 1–Girolamo Aleandro,Italian cardinal (b.1480)[50]
- February 13
- Catherine Howard,fifth queen ofHenry VIII of England(executed) (born c.1522)[51]
- Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford,English noblewoman (executed) (born c.1505)[52]
- March 3–Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle,illegitimate son of King Edward IV of England[53]
- May 21–Hernando de Soto,Spanish explorer, navigator and conquistador (b. c.1500)[54]
- June 14–Christoph von Scheurl,German writer (b.1481)[55]
- June 19–Leo Jud,Swiss reformer (b.1482)[56]
- July 15–Lisa del Giocondo,Florentine noblewoman, believed to be the subject of theMona Lisa(b.1479)
- August 24–Gasparo Contarini,Italian diplomat and cardinal (b.1483)[57]
- August 29–Cristóvão da Gama,Portuguese soldier (b. c.1516)[58]
- September 17–Lucas Fernández,Spanish dramatist and musician (b. c.1474)[59]
- September 21–Juan Boscán Almogáver,Spanish poet (b. c.1490)[60]
- October 11–Thomas Wyatt,English poet and diplomat (b.1503)[61]
- October 18–Giovanni Gaddi,Italian priest (b.1493)[62]
- December 14– KingJames V of Scotland(b.1512)[63]
- December 16–Thomas Lovett III,High Sheriff of Northamptonshire (b.1473)[64]
- date unknown
- Dosso Dossi,Italian painter (b.1490)[65]
- Lapulapu,Filipino king (b.1491)
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Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi's men were reinforced by 2900 arquebusiers (2000 from Arabia plus 900 regular Ottoman infantry) and a handful of Ottoman cavalry. Although da Gama managed to escape with a few survivors, he was quickly captured and killed.
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On 14 December 1542, James V died in his splendid royal bedchamber at Falkland, the beauty he himself had created no longer enough to pierce the malaise of his profound melancholy. His sole surviving child, Mary, succeeded to the throne.
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