1787(MDCCLXXXVII) was acommon year starting on Mondayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Fridayof theJulian calendar,the 1787th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 787th year of the2nd millennium,the 87th year of the18th century,and the 8th year of the1780sdecade. As of the start of 1787, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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Events
editJanuary–March
edit- January 9– The North Carolina General Assembly authorizes nine commissioners to purchase 100 acres (0.40 km2) of land for the seat ofChatham County.The town is named Pittsborough (later shortened toPittsboro), forWilliam Pitt the Younger.
- January 11–William HerscheldiscoversTitaniaandOberon,twomoons of Uranus.
- January 19–Mozart'sSymphony No. 38is premièred inPrague.
- February 2–Arthur St. ClairofPennsylvaniais chosen as the new President of the Congress of the Confederation.[1]
- February 4–Shays' RebellioninMassachusettsfails.
- February 21– The Confederation Congress sends word to the 13 states that a convention will be held in Philadelphia on May 14 to revise the Articles of Confederation.[1]
- February 28– A charter is granted, establishing the institution which will become theUniversity of Pittsburgh.
- March 3– By a vote of 33 to 29,Harrisburgis approved as the new capital ofPennsylvania.[2]
- March 17– TheBank of North America,the central bank of the United States government under theArticles of Confederation,is re-incorporated after its charter had expired in 1786.[2][3]
- March 28– In the British House of Commons,Henry Beaufoyfiles the first motion to repeal theTest Act 1673,which restricts the rights of non-members of the Church of England.;[4]Beaufoy's motion is rejected, and the Act is not repealed until 1829.
- March 30–Biblical theologybecomes a separate discipline from biblical studies, asJohann Philipp Gablerdelivers his speech "On the proper distinction between biblical and dogmatic theology and the specific objectives of each" upon his inauguration as the professor of theology at theUniversity of Altdorfin Germany.[5]
April–June
edit- April 2– A Charter of Justice is signed, providing the authority for the establishment of thefirst New South Wales (i.e. Australian) Courts of Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction.
- May 7–The New Church (Swedenborgian)is founded in England.
- May 13– CaptainArthur PhillipleavesPortsmouth,England, with the 11 ships of theFirst Fleet,carrying around 700 convicts and at least 300 crew and guards to establish apenal colonyin Australia.
- May 14– InPhiladelphia,delegates begin arriving for aConstitutional Convention.[1]
- May 22– In Britain,Thomas ClarksonandGranville Sharpfound theSociety for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade,with support fromJohn Wesley,Josiah Wedgwoodand others.
- May 25– InPhiladelphia,delegates begin to convene theConstitutional Convention,intended to amend theArticles of Confederation(however, a newUnited States Constitutionis eventually produced).George Washingtonpresides over the Convention.
- May–Orangisttroops attackVreeswijk,HarmelenandMaarssen;civil war starts in theDutch Republic.
- May 31– The originalLord's Cricket Groundin London holds its firstcricketmatch;[6]Marylebone Cricket Clubfounded.[7]
- June 20–Oliver Ellsworthmoves at theFederal Conventionthat the government be called the United States.
- June 28–Princess Wilhelmina of Orange,sister of KingFrederick William II of Prussia,is captured byDutch Republicanpatriots,taken toGoejanverwellesluisand not allowed to travel toThe Hague.
July–September
edit- July 13– TheCongress of the Confederationenacts theNorthwest Ordinance,establishing governing rules for theNorthwest Territory(the future states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin). It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states, and limits the expansion ofslavery.[1]
- July 18– The United States ratifies its first treaty with the Sultanate of Morocco.[1]
- August 9– South Carolina cedes to the United States its claims to a 12-mile wide strip of land that runs across northern Alabama and Mississippi.[1]
- August 10–Wolfgang Amadeus Mozartcomposes his famousEine kleine Nachtmusik.
- August 27– Launching a 45-foot (14 m) steam powered craft on the Delaware River,John Fitchdemonstrates the first U.S.patentfor his design.
- September 13–Prussian troops invadetheDutch Republic;two days later theRhinegrave Salmgave up Utrecht. Within a few weeks 40,000Patriots(out of a population of 2,000,000) go into exile inNorthern France.
- September 17– TheUnited States Constitutionis signed by theConstitutional ConventioninPhiladelphia.[1]
- September 24– Washington Academy (laterWashington & Jefferson College) is chartered by thePennsylvania General Assembly.[8]
October–December
edit- October 1–Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)–Battle of Kinburn:Alexander Suvorov,though sustaining a wound, routs the Turks.
- October 27– The first ofThe Federalist Papers,a series of essays calling for ratification of theU.S. Constitution,is published inThe Independent Journal,a New York newspaper.
- October 29–Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's operaDon Giovanni(librettobyLorenzo Da Ponte) premieres in theEstates TheatreinPrague.
- November 1– The first secondary education school open to girls in Sweden,Societetsskolan,is founded in Gothenburg.
- November 21–Treaty of Versailles (1787)signed, forming an alliance between theKingdom of Franceand the LordNguyễn Phúc Ánh,future Emperor of Vietnam.
- December 3–James Rumseydemonstrates his water-jet propelled boat on thePotomac River.
- December 7–Delawareratifies the Constitution, and becomes the firstU.S. state.
- December 8–La Purisima Missionis founded by PadreFermín Lasuénas the eleventh of theSpanish missions in California.
- December 12–Pennsylvaniabecomes the secondU.S. state.
- December 18–New Jerseybecomes the thirdU.S. state.
- December 23– CaptainWilliam Blighsets sail from England forTahiti,onHMSBounty.[6]
Date unknown
edit- Caroline Herschelis granted an annual salary of£50, by KingGeorge III of Great Britain,for acting as assistant to her brotherWilliaminastronomy.[9]
- TheNorth Carolina General AssemblyincorporatesWaynesborough,and designates it the seat forWayne County, North Carolina.
- Antoine Lavoisieris the first to suggest thatsilicais anoxideof a hitherto unknown metallicchemical element,later isolated and namedsilicon.
- J. Cl. Todes Døtreskole,the first serious school for girls in Denmark, is founded.
- A fossil bone recovered fromCretaceousstrata atWoodbury, New Jerseyis discussed by theAmerican Philosophical SocietyinPhiladelphia.[10]
Births
edit
- January 1–Manuel José Arce,Revolutionary General and first President of TheFederal Republic of Central America(d.1847)
- February 10–William Bradley,Britain's tallest man ever at 7 ft 9 in. (d.1820)
- February 23–Emma Willard,American educator (d.1870)
- March 6–Joseph von Fraunhofer,German optician (d.1826)
- March 9–Josephine Kablick,Czech botanist, paleontologist (d.1863)
- March 10–Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo,Prime Minister of Spain (d.1862)
- March 11–Ivan Nabokov,Russian General (d.1852)
- April 26–Ludwig Uhland,German poet (d.1862)[11]
- May 25–José María Bocanegra,3rdPresident of Mexico(d.1862)
- June 28–Sir Harry Smith,English soldier, military commander (d.1860)
- July 28–Pedro Vélez,Mexican politician (d.1848)
- August 24–James Weddell,British sailor known for discovering theWeddell Sea(d.1834)
- September 5–François Sulpice Beudant,French mineralogist, geologist (d.1850)
- October 4,–François Guizot,Prime Minister of France (d.1874)
- November 4–Edmund Kean,English actor (d.1833)
- November 7
- Carl Carl,Polish-born actor and theatre director (d.1854)
- Vuk Stefanović Karadžić,Serbian linguist, major reformer of the Serbian language (d.1864)
- November 18–Louis Daguerre,French artist, chemist (d.1851)
- November 21–Samuel Cunard,Canadian business, prominent Nova Scotian, founder of theCunard Line(d.1865)
- November 25–Franz Xaver Gruber,Austrian composer (d.1863)
- December 10–Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet,American educator (d.1851)
- December 11–Macacha Güemes,Argentine heroine (d.1866)
- December 16–Mary Russell Mitford,English novelist and dramatist (d.1855)[12]
- December 17–Jan Evangelista Purkyne,Czech anatomist, botanist (d.1869)
Date unknown
edit- Juana Galán,Spanish heroine (d.1812)
- Shaka,Zulu king (d.1828)
Deaths
edit- January 1–Arthur Middleton,American politician (b.1742)
- January 4–Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen,German prince (b.1702)
- February 2–Ignác Raab,Czech artist (b.1715)
- February 5–Hugh Farmer,British theologian (b.1714)
- February 4–Pompeo Batoni,Italian painter (b.1708)
- February 13
- Rudjer Boscovich,Croatian scientist, diplomat (b.1711)
- Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes,French statesman, diplomat (b.1717)
- February 21–Antonio Rodríguez de Hita,Spanish composer (b.1722)
- February 28–Princess Ulrike Friederike Wilhelmine of Hesse-Kassel,German princess (b.1722)
- March 8–Samuel Graves,British Royal Navy admiral (b.1713)
- March 22–Charles de Fitz-James,Marshal of France (b.1712)
- April 2–Thomas Gage,British general (b.1719)
- May 10–William Watson,English physician, scientist (b.1715)
- May 26–Lord John Murray,British politician (b.1711)
- May 28–Leopold Mozart,Austrian composer (b.1719)
- May 31–Felix of Nicosia,Cypriot Catholic saint (b.1715)
- June 10–La Caramba(Maria Antonia Fernandez), Spanish flamenco singer and dancer (b.1751)
- June 14–Johann Georg Dominicus von Linprun,German scientist (b.1714)
- June 17–José de Gálvez,Spanish politician (b.1720)
- June 20–Carl Friedrich Abel,German composer (b.1723)
- July 4–Charles, Prince of Soubise,Marshal of France (b.1715)
- July 25–Arthur Devis,British artist (b.1712)
- August 1–Alphonsus Liguori,Italian founder of the Redemptorist Order (b.1696)
- August 7–Francis Blackburne,English Anglican churchman, activist (b.1705)
- August 13–Marc Antoine René de Voyer,French noble (b.1722)
- August 16–John Ponsonby (politician),Irish politician (b.1713)
- September 7–Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Liria and Jérica,Spanish duke (b.1752)
- October 7–Henry Muhlenberg,German-born founder of the U.S. Lutheran Church (b.1711)
- October 28–Johann Karl August Musäus,German author and collector of folk tales (b.1735)[13]
- November 3–Robert Lowth,English bishop and grammarian (b.1710)
- November 4–Johan Daniel Berlin,Norwegian composer and organist (b.1714)
- November 15–Christoph Willibald Gluck,German composer (b.1714)
- December 11–Robert de Lamanon,French botanist (b.1752)
- date unknown
- Maria Pellegrina Amoretti,Italian lawyer (b.1756)
- The Two-Headed Boy of Bengal, sufferer from the rare conditionCraniopagus parasiticus(b.1783)
- Francis William Drake,British admiral and Governor of Newfoundland (b.1724)
References
edit- ^abcdefgHarper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909,ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p167
- ^abBurton Alva Konkle,George Bryan and the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 1731-1791(William J. Campbell publishing, 1922) p299
- ^Congressional Record(December 8, 1913) p446
- ^Sheldon J. Godfrey and Judy Godfrey,Search Out the Land: The Jews and the Growth of Equality in British Colonial America, 1740-1867(McGill-Queen's University Press, 1995) p129
- ^Craig Bartholomew,Out of Egypt: Biblical Theology and Biblical Interpretation(Zondervan, 2011) p2
- ^abWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.339–340.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 230–231.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^Coleman, Helen Turnbull Waite (1956).Banners in the Wilderness: The Early Years of Washington and Jefferson College.University of Pittsburgh Press. p.199.OCLC2191890.
- ^Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey (1986).Women in Science: Antiquity through the Nineteenth Century.Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp.97–98.ISBN0-262-65038-X.
- ^Currie, Philip J.; Padian, Kevin, eds. (October 1997).Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs.San Diego: Elsevier.ISBN0-12-226810-5.OCLC37141172.
- ^Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)..Encyclopædia Britannica(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^Lee, Elizabeth (1894)..InLee, Sidney(ed.).Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 84.
- ^Franz J. L. Thimm; William Henry Farn (1844).The Literature of Germany, from Its Earliest Period to the Present Time, Historically Developed... Edited by W. H. Farn.p. 59.
WIKI
Further reading
edit- John Blair;J. Willoughby Rosse (1856). "1787".Blair's Chronological Tables.London:H.G. Bohn.hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n– via Hathi Trust.