1790

1790(MDCCXC) was acommon year starting on Fridayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Tuesdayof theJulian calendar,the 1790th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 790th year of the2nd millennium,the 90th year of the18th century,and the 1st year of the1790sdecade. As of the start of 1790, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	17th century 18th century 19th century
Decades:	1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s
Years:	1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793

1790 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1790 MDCCXC
Ab urbe condita	2543
Armenian calendar	1239 ԹՎ ՌՄԼԹ
Assyrian calendar	6540
Balinese saka calendar	1711–1712
Bengali calendar	1197
Berber calendar	2740
British Regnal year	30Geo. 3– 31Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar	2334
Burmese calendar	1152
Byzantine calendar	7298–7299
Chinese calendar	Kỷ dậuNiên (EarthRooster) 4487 or 4280 — to — Canh tuất niên (MetalDog) 4488 or 4281
Coptic calendar	1506–1507
Discordian calendar	2956
Ethiopian calendar	1782–1783
Hebrew calendar	5550–5551
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1846–1847
-Shaka Samvat	1711–1712
-Kali Yuga	4890–4891
Holocene calendar	11790
Igbo calendar	790–791
Iranian calendar	1168–1169
Islamic calendar	1204–1205
Japanese calendar	Kansei2 ( khoan chính ２ niên )
Javanese calendar	1716–1717
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar	4123
Minguo calendar	122 beforeROC Dân tiền 122 niên
Nanakshahi calendar	322
Thai solar calendar	2332–2333
Tibetan calendar	Âm thổ kê niên (female Earth-Rooster) 1916 or 1535 or 763 — to — Dương kim cẩu niên (male Iron-Dog) 1917 or 1536 or 764

May 13:Battle of Reval

Events

January–March

• January 8– United States PresidentGeorge Washingtongives the firstState of the Union address,in New York City.
• January 11– The 11 minor states of theAustrian Netherlands,which took part in theBrabant Revolutionat the end of 1789, sign aTreaty of Union,creating theUnited States of Belgium.
• January 14– U.S. Secretary of the TreasuryAlexander Hamiltonsubmits his proposed plan for payment of American debts, starting with $12,000,000 to pay the foreign debts of the confederation, followed by $40 million for domestic debts, and $21.5 million for the war debts of the states. The plan is narrowly approved 14-12 in the Senate, and 34-28 in the House.
• January 15– Fletcher Christian & 8 mutineers aboard theBountyland onPitcairn.
• January 26–Mozart's operaCosì fan tuttepremieres inVienna.
• January 30
  • The first boat specialized as arescue lifeboatis tested on theRiver Tynein England.
  • Olowalu Massacre:American CaptainSimon Metcalfeopens fire with cannon towards villagers in canoes, killing about one hundred Hawaiians, and wounding many others.
• February 1– In New York City, theSupreme Court of the United Statesconvenes for the first time.
• February 4–Louis XVI of Francedeclares to theNational Assemblythat he will maintain theconstitutionallaws.
• February 11– TwoQuakerdelegates petition theUnited States Congressfor theabolitionofslavery.
• February 25–North Carolinacedes its western territories (modern dayTennessee) to the federal government.
• March 1– Thefirst United States Censusis authorized; it is held later in the year.
• March 4– France is divided into 83départements,which cut across the formerprovinces,in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based on noble ownership of land.
• March 6– The New York legislature consents to theadmission to the Unionof a new state,Vermont,formed within the boundaries of New York, contingent upon the successful conclusion of negotiations concerning disputed real-estate claims, and the boundary between the two states.
• March 21–Thomas Jeffersonreports to President George Washington in New York, as the newUnited States Secretary of State.

April–June

• April 10– TheUnited States patent systemis established.
• May 13–Battle of Reval:Gustav III of Swedensends the battlefleet to eliminate the Russian squadron wintering at Reval (Estonia), but is defeated; 8 Russians, 130 Swedes are killed, up to 520 captured, 1 ship is burnt, another captured.
• May 17–18–Battle of Andros:AnOttoman–Algerianfleet destroys the fleet of the Greek privateerLambros Katsonis.
• May 26– Congress passes an act to govern the creation of states from the "Southwest Territory", from which Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi will be formed.
• May 29–Rhode Islandratifies theUnited States Constitution,and becomes the last of the13 original statesto do so.
• June 9– Royal assent is given to establishment of the port ofMilford Havenin Wales.
• June 20–Compromise of 1790:Thomas Jefferson,James Madison,andAlexander Hamiltoncome to an agreement: Madison agrees to not be "strenuous" in opposition for the assumption of state debts by the federal government; Hamilton agrees to support the capital site being above the Potomac.
• June 23– The allegedLondon Monsteris arrested in London; he later receives 40 years for 10 assaults.

July–September

• July–Louis XVI of Franceaccepts aconstitutional monarchy.
• July 9–Russo-Swedish War–Second Battle of Svensksund:In a massiveBaltic Seabattle of 300 ships, theSwedish Navycaptures one third of the Russian galley fleet: 304 Swedes are killed, 3,500 Russians killed and 6,000 captured, 51 Russian galleys and other rowing craft are sunk and 22 are taken.
• July 10— The U.S. House of Representatives votes, 32–29 to approve creating the District of Columbia from portions of Maryland and Virginia for the eventual seat of government and national capital.
• July 12–French Revolution:TheCivil Constitution of the Clergyis passed. This completes the destruction of the monastic orders, legislating out of existence all regular and secular chapters for either sex, abbacies and priorships.
• July 14–French Revolution:Citizens of Paris celebrate the unity of the French people and the national reconciliation, in theFête de la Fédération.
• July 16– U.S. President George Washington signs theResidence Actinto law, establishing a site along thePotomac Riveras theDistrict of Columbiaand the future site of thecapital of the United States.The move comes after the bill is narrowly approved on July 1 by the Senate, 14 to 12, and on July 9 by the House, 32 to 29.At the same time, plans are made to move the national capital from New York to Philadelphia until the Potomac River site can be completed.
• July 26–Alexander Hamilton's Assumption Bill, giving effect to hisFirst Report on the Public Credit,is passed in theUnited States Congress,allowing the federal government to assume the consolidated debts of theU.S. states.
• July 27– TheConvention of Reichenbachis signed betweenPrussiaand Austria.
• July 31– InventorSamuel Hopkinsbecomes the first to be issued a U.S. patent (for an improved method of makingpotash).
• August 4– A newly passed U.S.tariffact creates the system ofcuttersfor revenue enforcement (later named theUnited States Revenue Cutter Service), the forerunner of theCoast Guard.
• August 14– TheTreaty of Väräläends theRusso-Swedish War.
• September 25– ThePeking Operais born, when the Four Great Anhui Troupes introduceAnhui operato Beijing, in honor of theQianlong Emperor's 80th birthday.
• September 30–Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperorstarts to rule.

October–December

• October 7– Commissioners appointed by the New York legislature announce the successful conclusion of negotiations between New York andVermont,concerning disputed real-estate claims, and the consent of New York's legislature to theadmission to the Unionof the state of Vermont as the 14th State (which was formed within what New York claimed as its territory, under anOrder in Council,thatKing George IIIissued onJuly 20,1764).
• October 10– At least 3,000 people die in Algeria when anearthquake and tsunamistrikes the city ofOran.The city is destroyed and Spanish forces eventually flee in 1792.
• October 20– TheHarmar Campaignends in a defeat of U.S. Army GeneralJosiah Harmarand Colonel John Hardin by theWestern Confederacyof Indians, led by ChiefMihšihkinaahkwaof the Miami tribe andWeyapiersenwahof the Shawnee at Kekionga (nowFort Wayne, Indiana).
• October–December –Vincent Ogéleads a rebellion of freed blacks inSaint-Domingue.The rebellion is suppressed and Ogé executed.
• November 24– France's Constituent Assembly passes a law requiring all Roman Catholic priests to swear an oath of acceptance of the new French Constitution.
• November 27– U.S. PresidentGeorge Washingtonand his wife,Martha Washington,arrive in the new temporary U.S. capital,Philadelphia,and take up residence at thePresident's Houselocated at 524 Market Street.
• December 2–Holy Roman Empireforces recaptureBrussels,bringing an end to the short-livedUnited States of Belgiumand restoring theAustrian Netherlands.
• December 6– The United States Congress opens its first session in the new temporary U.S. capital inPhiladelphia.
• December 10– TheHawkesbury and Nepean Warsbegin in New South Wales, Australia, as a result of deterioration in relations and increasing colonization.
• December 17– TheAztec calendar stoneis discovered at El Zócalo, Mexico City.
• December 22–Russo-Turkish War (1787–92):The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured byAlexander Suvorovand his Russian armies. During Suvorov'sstorm of Izmail,26,000 Turkish soldiers lose their lives.
• December 26–Louis XVI of Francegives his public assent toCivil Constitution of the Clergyduring theFrench Revolution.

Births

Leopold I of Belgium

Jean-François Champollion

• January 5–Melchor Múzquiz,5thPresident of Mexico(d.1844)
• January 18–Qi Shan,Manchu Qing official (d.1854)
• January 27–Juan Álvarez,interim president of Mexico, 1855 (d.1867)
• March 3–John Austin,English jurist (d.1859)
• March 29–John Tyler,tenthPresident of the United States(d.1862)
• April 21–Manuel Blanco Encalada,Spanish-Chilean admiral and politician, 1st President of Chile (d.1876)
• May 20–Micajah Thomas Hawkins,American politician (d.1858)
• May 23–Jules Dumont d'Urville,French explorer (d.1842)
• June 1–Ferdinand Raimund,Austrian playwright (d.1836)
• June 13–José Antonio Páez,19th President of Venezuela (d.1873)
• June 24–Helena Ekblom,Swedish preacher (d.1859)
• July 13–Anna Sofia Sevelin,Swedish opera singer (d.1871)
• September 6–John Green Crosse,English surgeon (d.1850)
• October 14–Thursday October Christian I,Pitcairn Islander and son ofFletcher Christian(d.1831)
• October 21–Alphonse de Lamartine,French poet and politician
• November 17–August Ferdinand Möbius,German mathematician, astronomer (d.1868)
• November 21–Edmund Lyons, 1st Baron Lyons,British admiral (d.1858)
• December 8
  • Richard Carlile,English social reformer, press advocate (d.1843)
  • Friederike Lienig,Latvian entomologist (d.1855)
  • August Meineke,German Classical scholar (d.1870)
• December 16–Leopold I of Belgium(d.1865)
• December 19–William Edward Parry,English Arctic explorer (d.1855)
• December 23–Jean-François Champollion,French Egyptologist (d.1832)
• December 31–Antonie Adamberger,Austrian stage actress (d.1867)
• date unknown
  • Lone Horn,Miniconjouchief (d.1875)
  • James Moore Wayne,American politician,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States(d.1867)
  • Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq,Urdu poet (d.1854)

Deaths

Benjamin Franklin

Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

Adam Smith

• January 5–Jacob Christian Schäffer,German inventor, botanist and professor (b.1718)
• January 13–Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, comte de Guichen,French admiral (b.1712)
• January 15–John Landen,English mathematician (b.1719)
• January 20–John Howard (prison reformer),English philanthropist (b.1726)
• January 31–Thomas Lewis,Irish-born Virginia settler (b.1718)
• February 5–William Cullen,Scottish physician, chemist (b.1710)
• February 15–Juan Albano Pereira Márquez,godfather and tutor of Bernardo O'Higgins (b. 1728)
• February 18–Elisabeth of Württemberg,Archduchess of Austria(b.1767)
• February 20–Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor(b.1741)
• March 4–Henry Wisner,American Continental Congressman for New York (b.1720)
• March 12
  • András Hadik,Austro-Hungarian general (b.1710)
  • William Grayson,American Continental Congressman and United States Senator for Virginia (b.1740)
• April 6–Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt(b.1719)
• April 17–Benjamin Franklin,American scientist and statesman (b.1706)
• April 29–Charles-Nicolas Cochin,French artist (b.1715)
• May 16–Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke,English politician (b.1720)
• May 20–Nathan Miller,American Continental Congressman for Rhode Island (b.1743)
• May 21–Thomas Warton,English poet (b.1728)
• May 23–George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu(b.1712)
• May 26–Nathaniel Folsom,American Continental Congressman for New Hampshire and Revolutionary War major general (b.1726)
• May 29–Israel Putnam,American Revolutionary War general (b.1718)
• June 1–Theodorick Bland,American Continental Congressman and U.S. Representative for Virginia (b.1741)
• June 25–Lovisa Augusti,Swedishopera singer(b.1756)
• July 3–Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle,French chemist (b.1736)
• July 6–George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield,British army officer (b.1717)
• July 7–François Hemsterhuis,Dutch philosopher (b.1721)
• July 14–Ernst Gideon von Laudon,Austrian field marshal (b.1717)
• July 17–Adam Smith,Scottish economist, philosopher (b.1723)
• July 25
  • Johann Bernhard Basedow,German educational reformer (b.1723)
  • William Livingston,Governor of New Jersey (1776-1790) (b.1723)
• August 16–David Brearley,American Revolutionary War colonel, signer of the U.S. Constitution for New Jersey, and federal judge (b.1745)
• September 2–Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim,German historian, theologian (b.1701)
• September 28–Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy,Hungarian prince (b.1714)
• October 7–Antoine Choquet de Lindu,French architect (b.1712)
• October 14–William Hooper,American signer of the Declaration of Independence and Continental Congressman for North Carolina (b.1742)
• October 19–Lyman Hall,American signer of the Declaration of Independence and Governor of Georgia (1783-1784) (b.1724)
• November 2–Lambert Krahe,German artist (b.1712)
• November 6–James Bowdoin,American Governor of Massachusetts (b.1726)
• November 16–Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer,American Continental Congressman and Signer of the U.S. Constitution for Maryland (b.1723)
• November 24–Sir Hew Dalrymple, 2nd Baronet,Scottish politician and MP for Haddington Burghs on two occasions (b.1712)
• December 16–Benjamin Andrew,American Continental Congressman for Georgia and member of the Georgia House of Representatives (b.1713)
• December 27/28 –Alvise Foscari,Venetian admiral (b.1724)
• December 29–Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa,Italian ruler (b.1725)
• date unknown
  • Helen Gloag,Scottish slave,EmpressofMorocco(b.1750)
  • Susanna Passavant,English luxury goods retailer (b.1711)

Further reading

• Louis Heilprin(1885)."Chronological Table of Universal History".Historical Reference Book.New York: D. Appleton and Company.hdl:2027/wu.89097349187– via Hathi Trust.1790