1858(MDCCCLVIII) was acommon year starting on Fridayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Wednesdayof theJulian calendar,the 1858th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 858th year of the2nd millennium,the 58th year of the19th century,and the 9th year of the1850sdecade. As of the start of 1858, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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Events
editJanuary–March
edit- January
- Benito Juárezbecomes the LiberalPresident of Mexico[1]and its first indigenous president. At the same time, theconservativesinstalledFélix María Zuloagaas a rival president.[2]
- William I of Prussiabecomesregentfor his brother,Frederick William IV,who has suffered a stroke.[3]After Prince William's term acting as a regent for the King had been extended three times, the ailing Frederick William signed a regency charter for him on 7 October 1858, based on an expert opinion from the royal personal physicians.[4]
- January 9
- Revolt of Rajab Ali:British forces finally defeat Rajab Ali Khan ofChittagong.[5]
- Anson Jones,the last president of theRepublic of Texas,commits suicide.
- January 14–Orsini affair:Piedmontese revolutionaryFelice Orsiniand his accomplices fail to assassinateNapoleon IIIin Paris, but theirbombskill eight and wound 142 people. Because of the involvement of French émigrés living in Britain, there is a brief anti-British feeling in France, but the emperor refuses to support it.
- January 25– TheWedding MarchbyFelix Mendelssohnbecomes a popular wedding recessional, after it is played on this day at the marriage ofQueen Victoria's daughterVictoria, Princess Royal,toPrince Friedrich of PrussiainSt James's Palace,London.[6]
- February 11–Lourdes apparitions:Pauper girlBernadette SoubirousofLourdes,fourteen, has avisionat the grotto of Massabielle, the first in a series of eighteen events which will come to be regarded asMarian apparitions.
- February 13–Richard Francis BurtonandJohn Hanning Spekebecome the first Europeans to discoverLake Tanganyika.[6]
- March 13–Felice Orsiniis executed byguillotinefor the attempted assassination ofNapoleon IIIof France.
- March 21–Indian Rebellion:British troops retakeLucknow.
- March 30–Hymen Lipmanpatents apencilwith an attachederaserin the United States.
April–June
edit- April 16– TheWernerian Natural History Society,a former Scottishlearned society,is wound up.
- April 19– The United States signs a treaty with theYankton Sioux Tribe.
- April 28–May 1–Battle of Grahovac:TheOttomansare decisively defeated byMontenegrinforces.
- May–July –Mahtra War:Peasants in theGovernorate of Estonia,Russian Empirerevolt against ongoingserfdom,which was officially abolished in1816.
- May(unknown date) –Japanesetrading company,Itochufounded inToyosato, ShigaPrefecture,Japan.[page needed]
- May 11–Minnesotais admitted as the 32ndU.S. state.
- May 13–John Ruskinbegins a tour of Europe; he considers it a significant turning point in his life.[7]
- May 14–David Livingstone's 6-yearSecond Zambesi expeditionarrives at the African coast.[8]
- May 19– TheMarais des Cygnes massacreis perpetrated by pro-slavery forces, inBleeding Kansas.
- June 2–Comet Donati,the first comet to be photographed, is discovered byGiovanni Battista Donati,and remains visible for several months afterwards.
- June 13–17– TheTreaty of Tientsinis signed, ending the first part of theSecond Opium War.
- June 16–Abraham Lincolnaccepts theRepublican Partynomination for a seat in theUnited States Senate,deliveringhisHouse DividedspeechinSpringfield, Illinois.
- June 17– TheAtlantic and North Carolina Railroadopens, operating 95 miles fromGoldsboro,North Carolina,toNew Bern,North Carolina.[9]
- June 18– The Queen of Jhansi,Rani Lakshmibai,dies at 30 atGwalior.
- June 19– A six-minute earthquake destroys much ofMexico Cityand devastatesTexcoco.
- June 20–Indian Rebellion of 1857:The last rebels surrender inGwalior.
- June 23– Police of thePapal Statesseize Jewish boyEdgardo Mortara,and take him away to be raised as a Catholic.
July–September
edit- July
- Camillo Benso, Count of Cavourgoads Austria into attackingSardinia.
- Pike's Peak Gold Rush:Fifty-Ninersstream into theRocky Mountainsof the western United States.
- July 1–A joint presentationof papers byDarwinandAlfred Russel Wallace,announcing a theory of evolution by natural selection, are read at London'sLinnean Society.
- July 8– A peace treaty ends theIndian Rebellion.
- July 12–The Advertiser,a daily newspaper still in circulation, begins publication inAdelaide,Australia.
- July 17– TheLutine bellis salvaged, and subsequently hung inLloyd's of London.
- July 28– InBengal,India, British officerWilliam James Herscheluses the hand impression of Rajyadhar Konai, as acontractfingerprintsignature.
- July 29– The United States and Japan sign theTreaty of Amity and Commerce,negotiated byTownsend Harris.
- August– The firstaerial photographyis carried out byNadar,from amoored balloonin France.[10]
- August 2
- TheGovernment of India Act,passed by theParliament of the United Kingdom,transfers the territories of the BritishEast India Companyand their administration to the direct rule of theBritish Crown,through aSecretary of State for India.[11]
- A bill is passed to create a modern sewage system in London as a result ofthe Great Stink,when the heat of the summer made the smell from sewage in the Thames unbearable.
- August 5–Cyrus West Fieldand others complete the first transatlantictelegraphcable, after several unsuccessful attempts. The service ends onSeptember 1,due to weak current.
- August 7– A football match, played under an unknown set of rules, is held betweenMelbourne Grammar SchoolandScotch College.
- August 11– TheEigeris first ascended.
- August 16– U.S. PresidentJames Buchananinaugurates the new trans-Atlantictelegraphcable, by exchanging greetings withQueen Victoria.However, a weak signal forces a shutdown of the service in a few weeks.
- August 21– The first of theLincoln–Douglas debatesis held inIllinois.
- September–Cochinchina Campaign:French warships, underCharles Rigault de Genouilly,attack and occupyDa Nang,Vietnam.
- September 11–Dom,the third-highest summit in the Alps, is first ascended.
October–December
edit- October 21–Jacques Offenbach'soperettaOrpheus in the Underworld,featuring music associated with thecan-can,is first performed in Paris.
- October 28–Macy'sdepartment store,founded byR. H. Macy,opens for business in New York City.
- November 12–Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein,succeeds to the throne aged 18; he will rule until his death in1929,the second-longest in European royal history and the longest precisely documented tenure of any monarch without a regent since antiquity.
- November 16– The 2,400,000th day of theEpochof theJulian dayis reached.
- November 17
- The city ofDenver, Colorado,is founded.
- ModifiedJulian Dayzero.
- December 7— Mexican Conservative interim presidentFélix María Zuloagaproclaims thePlan of Tacubayato abolish theReform Laws,setting off a three-year civil war (1857–1860).[2]
- December 24—Manuel Robles Pezuela(1817–1862) becomes Conservative president of Mexico.[2]
- December 29– The Northern Railway Company is established in Madrid, Spain, with a purpose to construct the Northern Railway.
- December 30–Paraguay expedition:Seventeen U.S. Navy warships, under the command ofWilliam Shubrick,depart from Uruguay on a mission to demand concessions fromParaguay,and to go to war if necessary.
Date unknown
edit- TheRussian Empirechanges itsflag.
- William M. Tweedbegins his 13-year term as "Boss"ofTammany Hall.
- Thehaute couturefirm ofWorthand Bobergh is established in Paris.
- The Miners Associationis established inCornwall,England, UK.
- FeudalismandserfdominBulgariaare abolished in the Ottoman Empire (practically in1880).
- Squibb Pharmacy, as predecessor ofBristol-Myers Squibb,a worldwidepharmaceutical brand,is founded inNew York,United States.[page needed]
Births
editJanuary–February
edit
- January 7–Eliezer Ben-Yehuda,Russian-born advocate of the Hebrew language (d.1922)
- January 10–Heinrich Zille,German illustrator, photographer (d.1929)
- January 11–Harry Gordon Selfridge,American department store magnate (d.1947)[12]
- January 13–Oskar Minkowski,Lithuanian physician (d.1931)
- January 22–Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard,English soldier, explorer and colonial administrator (d.1945)
- January 25–Lillie Eginton Warren,American speech therapy pioneer (d.1926)
- January 27–Neel Doff,Dutch-born French author (d.1942)
- January 28–Eugène Dubois,Dutch paleoanthropologist and geologist (d.1940)
- February 15–John Joseph Montgomery,American glider pioneer (d.1911)
- February 18–Wilhelm Schmidt,German pioneer ofsuperheated steamfor use inlocomotives(d.1924)
- February 19–Charles Alexander Eastman,Native American author, physician, reformer, helped found the Boy Scouts of America (d.1939)[13]
- February 24–Alphonse Jacques de Dixmude,Belgian general (d.1928)
March–April
edit- March 6–Samuel Untermyer,American lawyer (d.1940)
- March 8–Ida Hunt Udall,American diarist, homesteader (d.1915)
- March 9–Gustav Stickley,American furniture designer, architect (d.1942)
- March 10–Kōkichi Mikimoto,Japanese pearl farm pioneer (d.1954)
- March 15–Liberty Hyde Bailey,American botanist (d.1954)
- March 18–Rudolf Diesel,German inventor, automotive pioneer (d.1913)[14]
- March 23–Ludwig Quidde,German pacifist, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize(d.1941)[15]
- March 27–Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer,German physician, bacteriologist (d.1945)
- March 28–Joséphin Péladan,French novelist (d.1918)
- March 30–DeWolf Hopper,American actor, singer, comedian, and theatrical producer (d.1935)
- April 3–Mary Harrison McKee,de factoFirst Lady of the United States(d.1930)
- April 19–May Robson,Australian-born American actress (d.1942)
- April 22–Fritz Mayer van den Bergh,Belgian art collector and art historian (d.1901)
- April 23–Max Planck,German physicist,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.1947)
- April 30–Mary Dimmick Harrison,2nd wife of PresidentBenjamin Harrison(d.1948)
May–June
edit- May 8–Heinrich Berté,Austrian operetta composer (d.1924)
- May 15–Cecil Burney,British admiral (d.1929)
- May 21–Édouard Goursat,French mathematician (d.1936)
- May 26–Horace Smith-Dorrien,British general (d.1930)[16]
- June 5–Carl Swartz,14th Prime Minister of Sweden (d.1926)
- June 8–Charlotte Scott,English mathematician (d. 1931)[17]
- June 12–Harry Johnston,British explorer, botanist, artist, colonial administrator, linguist (d.1927)[18]
- June 16
- KingGustaf V of Sweden(d.1950)
- William D. Boyce,founder of the Boy Scouts of America (d.1929)
- Isabel Grimes Richey,American poet (d.1910)
- June 19– SirGeorge Alexander,English actor (d.1918)
- June 20
- Charles W. Chesnutt,African-American author, essayist, political activist (d.1932)
- Paul Maistre,French general (d.1922)
- Alexander Ragoza,Russian general and Ukrainian politician (d.1919)
- June 28–Otis Skinner,American film actor (d.1943)
July–August
edit
- July 9–Franz Boas,German anthropologist (d.1942)
- July 14–Emmeline Pankhurst,English suffragette, mother ofChristabel,SylviaandAdela Pankhurst(d.1928)
- July 16–Petar Bojović,Serbian field marshal (d.1945)
- July 20–Baba Sawan Singh,Second Satguru of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (d.1948)
- July 21–Maria Christina of Austria,queen consort of Spain, second wife ofAlfonso XII of Spain(d.1929)
- July 28–José Luis Tamayo,20th President of Ecuador (d.1947)
- Gabriel Anton,Austrian Neurologist (d.1933)
- August 1–Hans Rott,Austrian composer (d.1884)
- August 2–Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont,queen consort, regent of the Netherlands (d.1934)
- August 10–Georgi Todorov,Bulgarian general (d.1934)
- August 11–Christiaan Eijkman,Dutch physician, pathologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(d.1930)
- August 13–G. E. M. Skues,Newfoundland-born British inventor of nymphfly fishing(d.1949)
- August 15–E. Nesbit,English children's novelist (d.1924)
- August 18–Thomas S. Rodgers,American admiral (d.1931)
- August 19
- Alfred Dyke Acland,British military officer (d.1937)
- Ellen Willmott,English horticulturalist (d.1934)
- August 21–Ethlyn T. Clough,American newspaper owner, editor, and manager (d.1936)
- August 27–Giuseppe Peano,Italian mathematician (d.1932)[19]
- August 30–Ignaz Sowinski,Polish architect (d.1917)
September–October
edit- September 1
- Andrew Jackson Zilker,American philanthropist (d.1934)
- Carl Auer von Welsbach,Austrian chemist and inventor (d.1929)[20]
- September 15–Emma Augusta Sharkey,Americandime novelist(d.1902)
- September 16
- Carl August Ehrensvärd,Swedish admiral and politician (d.1944)
- Bonar Law,Canadian-bornPrime Minister of the United Kingdom(d.1923)[21]
- September 21–Shimamura Hayao,Japanese admiral (d.1923)
- October 3–Eleonora Duse,Italian actress (d.1924)[22]
- October 12–John L. Sullivan,American heavyweight boxing champion (d.1918)
- October 15–William Sims,American admiral (d.1936)
- October 19–George Albert Boulenger,Belgian naturalist (d.1937)
- October 25–Take Ionescu,29th prime minister of Romania (d.1922)
- October 27
- Theodore Roosevelt,26thPresident of the United States,recipient of theNobel Peace Prize(d.1919)
- Saitō Makoto,Japanese admiral, 19thPrime Minister of Japan(d.1936)
November–December
edit- November 10–Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line,German prince (d.1928)
- November 20–Selma Lagerlöf,Swedish writer,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.1940)[23]
- November 23–Albert Ranft,Swedish theatre director, actor (d.1938)
- November 26–Katharine Drexel,AmericanRoman Catholicsaint(d.1955)
- November 30–Jagadish Chandra Bose,Indian physicist (d.1937)[24]
- December 18–Kata Dalström,Swedish politician (d.1923)
- December 19–Adolf Schiel,German-born officer in Boer armed forces (d.1903)
- December 22–Giacomo Puccini,Italian composer (d.1924)
- December 25–Herman P. Faris,American temperance movement leader (d.1936)
- December 27–Juan Luis Sanfuentes,16th President of Chile (d.1930)[25]
Deaths
editJanuary–June
edit
- January 4–Amelia Griffiths,English phycologist (b.1768)
- January 5–Joseph Radetzky von Radetz,Austrian field marshal (b.1766)
- January 9–Anson Jones,4th and lastPresident of the Republic of Texas(suicide) (b.1798)
- February 21–John K. Kane,American politician and jurist (b.1795)
- February 23–Vicente Ramón Roca,3rdPresident of Ecuador(b.1792)
- March 4– CommodoreMatthew Calbraith Perry,American naval officer (b.1794)
- March 13–Georgios Kountouriotis,Prime Minister of Greece (b.1782)
- April 7–Anton Diabelli,Austrian composer (b.1781)
- May 11–Joseph Gensoul,French surgeon (b.1797)
- May 21–José de la Riva Agüero,Peruvian soldier and politician, 1st President of Peru and 2nd President of North Peru (b.1783)
- June 3–Julius Reubke,German composer (b.1834)
- June 18–Rani of Jhansi,Indian queen of Jhansi and independence activist (b.1828)
- June 28
- Jane Marcet,British science writer (b.1769)[26]
- Auguste de Montferrand,French architect (b.1786)
July–December
edit
- August 14–Tokugawa Iesada,13thshōgunof theTokugawa shogunateof Japan (b.1824)
- August 31–Chief Oshkosh,Menominee chief (b.1795)
- September 9–Thomas Assheton Smith II,English politician, cricketer (b.1776)
- September 17–Dred Scott,African-American slave (b. c.1795)
- November 3–Harriet Taylor Mill,British philosopher, women's rights advocate (b.1807)
- November 12–Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein(b.1796)
- November 15–Li Xubin,Chinese military leader (b.1817)
- November 17–Robert Owen,British social reformer (b.1771)
- November 24–Wincenty Krasiński,Polish military leader (b.1782)
- December 3–Joseph Marie Élisabeth Durocher,French geologist (b.1817)
- December 13–Karl Ludwig Philipp Zeyher,German botanist (b.1799)
- December 17–Mustafa Reşid Pasha,Ottoman statesman (b.1800)
References
edit- ^"Benito Juarez"(in Spanish).RetrievedJune 8,2019.
- ^abc"El único y olvidado presidente de Guanajuato"[The only and forgotten president of Guanajuato].Ruleta Rusia(in Spanish). January 12, 2017.RetrievedJune 8,2019.
- ^"Biografie Wilhelm I"(in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum.RetrievedJune 12,2013.
- ^"Aus Preußen"[From Prussia].Wiener Zeitung(in German). October 11, 1858. p. 1.
- ^Sen, Satyen.মহাবিদ্রোহের কাহিনী[Story of the great rebellion] (in Bengali). pp. 155–159.
- ^abPenguin Pocket On This Day.Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN0-14-102715-0.
- ^Ruskin, John (1982). Hayman, John (ed.).Letters From The Continent, 1858.University of Toronto Press.ISBN0-8020-5583-4.
- ^"The Zambesi Expedition".Livingstone Online.Archived fromthe originalon March 2, 2012.RetrievedAugust 26,2011.
- ^CommunicationSolutions/ISI, "Railroads — prior to the Civil War"ArchivedJuly 26, 2011, at theWayback Machine,North Carolina Business History,2006, accessed 1 Feb 2010.
- ^"Brief history of aerial photography".www.findaerialphotography.com. 2007.RetrievedJanuary 2,2015.
- ^Wolpert, Stanley (1989).A New History of India(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp.239–40.ISBN0-19-505637-X.
- ^"Harry Gordon Selfridge".Encyclopædia Britannica.RetrievedJune 6,2018.
- ^Ruoff, A. LaVonne Brown (2005)."Eastman's Maternal Ancestry".Studies in American Indian Literature.2.17(2): 10–17.doi:10.1353/ail.2005.0059.S2CID161273742.RetrievedJune 20,2022.
- ^The Engineer.Morgan-Grampian (Publishers). 1958. p. 386.
- ^Bernard S. Schlessinger; June H. Schlessinger (1996).The Who's who of Nobel Prize Winners, 1901-1995.Oryx Press. p. 157.ISBN978-0-89774-899-5.
- ^Ian F. W. Beckett; Steven J. Corvi (July 19, 2007).Haig's Generals.Pen & Sword Books. p. 256.ISBN978-1-78303-491-8.
- ^Clark Kenschaft, Patricia (1987). "Charlotte Angas Scott". In Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (eds.).Women of Mathematics: a Biobibliographic Sourcebook.New York: Greenwood Press. p. 193.ISBN978-0-3132-4849-8.
- ^"Henry Hamilton Johnston".Encyclopedia of World Biography.RetrievedJanuary 25,2022.
- ^H. Kennedy (December 6, 2012).Peano: Life and Works of Giuseppe Peano.Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1.ISBN978-94-009-8984-9.
- ^Jagdish Mehra (1987).The Historical Development of Quantum Theory.Springer Science & Business Media. p. 162.ISBN978-0-387-95179-9.
- ^Robert Eccleshall; Graham Walker (June 1, 2002).Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers.Routledge. p. 262.ISBN978-1-134-66231-9.
- ^Gaetana Marrone; Paolo Puppa (December 26, 2006).Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies.Routledge. p. 654.ISBN978-1-135-45530-9.
- ^Thomson Gale (Firm) (2007).Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature: Lagerkvist-Pontoppidan.Thomson Gale. p. 29.ISBN978-0-7876-8149-4.
- ^Monoranjon Gupta (1970).Jagadishchandra Bose: A Biography.Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 2.
- ^William Belmont Parker (1920).Chileans of To-day.G. P. Putnam's sons. p. 1.
- ^Lee, Sidney,ed. (1893)..Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 36. London: Smith, Elder & Co.