Year1199(MCXCIX) was acommon year starting on Friday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
Events
editBy place
editEurope
edit- January 13– A short-lived truce is declared, between the KingsRichard I(the Lionheart) andPhilip II(Augustus).[1]Two of Europe's most powerful rulers meet on the banks of theSeine River,while shouting terms to one another. With a peace secured, Richard is able to refocus on bringing internal order to the south of theAngevin Empire.[2]
- March 26– Richard I besieges the unarmed castle ofChâlus-Chabrol,and is shot in the left shoulder with acrossbow,by the French boyPierre Basile.[3]The war between the kingdoms ofEnglandandFrancehas become so brutal, thatHugh of Lincolnis warned that "nothing now is safe, neither the city to dwell in nor the highway for travel".[4]
- April 6– Richard I dies fromgangrene,caused by his crossbow wound. His younger brother,John(Lackland), becomesKing of England.Richard's jewels are left to his nephew,Otto IV,King of the Romans.[5]Mercadier,a mercenary captain and Richard'ssecond in command,has Pierre Basileflayedalive andhanged.
- Roman Mstislavich(the Great), Grand Prince ofVladimir-Volhynia,unites his realm with its westerly neighborGalicia(after the death ofVladimir II). He makes theKingdom of Galicia-Volhyniamore powerful thanKiev.
- Summer – Philip II renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of John's 12-year-old nephewArthur I,duke ofBrittany.[1]
- Summer – Afteruncovering a plotagainst him,Emeric, King of Hungarydefeats his brotherDuke Andrewin a battle, forcing him into exile inAustria.Thereafter, border clashes occurs between Hungary and Austria.[6]
Britain
edit- May 26– John returns toLondonand chooses people to help him to rule the kingdom. He appoints ArchbishopHubert Walteras his advisor and chancellor.Geoffrey Fitz Peteris chosen asChief JusticiarandWilliam(the Marshal) becomes Marshal of John's household. OnMay 27,John is crowned as king of England atWestminster Abbey.
- Summer – KingWilliam the LionofScotlandsupports John's claim to the English throne, in exchange for ownership of the northern territories (includingNorthumberlandandCumberland).
Africa
edit- January 23– CaliphAbu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansurdies atMarrakeshafter a 15-year reign in which he has defeated the Castilian forces of KingAlfonso VIII(the noble) (see1195) and other Christian enemies inAl-Andalus.He is succeeded by his sonMuhammad al-Nasiras ruler of theAlmohad Caliphate(until1213).
Japan
edit- February 9–Minamoto no Yoritomo,Japaneseshogun,dies atKamakuraafter a 7-year reign in which he has established theKamakura Shogunate(see1192). He is succeeded by his 16-year-old sonMinamoto no Yoriie,his grandfatherHōjō Tokimasaproclaims himselfregentfor Yoriie (until1202).
By topic
editReligion
edit- Summer – PopeInnocent IIIcalls for a fourth Crusade atRome.Due to the preaching ofFulk of Neuilly,an army is organized at a tournament held atEcry-sur-AisnebyTheobald III,count ofChampagne,onNovember 28.
- St. Laurence's Church, Ludlow,in England is rebuilt.
Births
edit- April 17–Marie of Ponthieu,Frenchnoblewoman(d.1250)
- Aisha Al-Manoubya,Almohad femaleSufimystic (d.1267)
- Al-Mansur al-Hasan,Yemeniimamand politician (d.1271)
- Bohemond V,prince ofAntioch(House of Poitiers) (d.1252)
- Ferdinand III(the Saint), king ofCastileandLeón(d. 1252)
- Guttorm of Norway(Sigurdsson), king ofNorway(d.1204)
- Ibn al-Abbar,Andalusian biographer and historian (d.1260)
- Isobel of Huntingdon,daughter ofDavid of Scotland(d. 1252)
- Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu,Khwarezmid ruler (shah) (d.1231)
- Joan of Constantinople,Flemish noblewoman (d.1244)
- Sturla Sighvatsson,Icelandic chieftain (orgoði) (d.1238)
- Thomas II,Flemish nobleman (House of Savoy) (d.1259)
Deaths
edit- January 23–Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur,Almohad caliph (b.1160)
- February 9–Minamoto no Yoritomo,Japaneseshogun(b.1147)
- February 13–Stefan Nemanja,Serbian Grand Prince (b.1113)[7]
- March 17–Jocelin of Glasgow(orJocelyn), Scottish bishop[8]
- April 5–Ashikaga Yoshikane,Japanesesamuraiand monk
- April 6
- Pierre Basile(orBertran de Gurdun), French knight
- Richard I(the Lionheart), king of England (b.1157)[9]
- July 10–Hugh de Roxburgh(orHugo), Scottish bishop
- August 20–Matthew,Scottish churchman and bishop
- September 4–Joan of England,queen ofSicily(b.1165)[10]
- October 9–Bobo of San Teodoro,Italian cardinal-deacon
- November 6–Hatim ibn Ibrahim,Yemeni religious leader
- November 25–Albert III(the Rich), count ofHabsburg
- December 25–Helena of Hungary,duchess ofAustria
- Alexios Komnenos,son ofAndronikos I(Komnenos)
- Azalais of Toulouse(orAdelaide), French noblewoman
- Benedicta Ebbesdotter of Hvide,queen ofSweden(or1200)
- Date Tomomune,Japanese nobleman and samurai (b.1129)
- Michael the Syrian(the Great), Syriac patriarch (b.1126)
- Raymond IV(orRaimund), count andregentofTripoli
- Vladimir II Yaroslavich,Kievan prince (House of Rurik)
References
edit- ^abPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 73–75.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^Rees, Simon (2006). "King Richard I of England Versus King Philip II Augustus". Military History (published September 2006).
- ^Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.129–131.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^King Johnby Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 63
- ^Warren, Lewis (1961).King John.University of California Press. p. 48.
- ^Zsoldos, Attila (2022).Az Aranybulla királya[The King of the Golden Bull](in Hungarian). Városi Levéltár és Kutatóintézet. p. 32.ISBN978-963-8406-26-2.
- ^A. P. Vlasto (October 2, 1970).The Entry of the Slavs Into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs.CUP Archive. p. 219.ISBN978-0-521-07459-9.
- ^S. D. Church (2003).King John: New Interpretations.Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 18.ISBN978-0-85115-947-8.
- ^Mrs. Markham; Eliza Robbins (1854).A History of England from the first Invasion by the Romans to the 14th year of the Reign of Queen Victoria.pp. 101–.
- ^Edmund Lodge (1907).The Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage & Companionage of the British Empire for 1907.Kelly's Directories. p. 93.