1737(MDCCXXXVII) was acommon year starting on Tuesdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Saturdayof theJulian calendar,the 1737th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 737th year of the2nd millennium,the 37th year of the18th century,and the 8th year of the1730sdecade. As of the start of 1737, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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Events
editJanuary–March
edit- January 5–Spainand theHoly Roman Empiresign instruments of cession atPontremoliin theGrand Duchy of Tuscanyin Italy, with the Empire receiving control of Tuscany and theGrand Duchy of Parma and Piacenza,in return forDon Carlos of Spainbeing recognized as King of Naples and King of Sicily.[1]
- January 9– The Empires ofAustriaandRussiaenter into a secret military alliance that leads to Austria's disastrous entry into the Russo-Turkish War.[2]
- January 18– InManila,a peace treaty is signed between Spain'sGovernor-General of the Philippines,Fernándo Valdés y Tamon, and the SultanAzim ud-Din I of Sulu,recognizing Azim's authority over the islands of theSulu Archipelago.[3][4]
- February 20–France's Foreign Minister,Germain Louis Chauvelin,is dismissed by KingLouis XV's Chief Minister, CardinalAndré-Hercule de Fleury
- February 27– French scientistsHenri-Louis Duhamel du MonceauandGeorges-Louis Leclerc de Buffonpublish the first study correlating past weather conditions with an examination oftree rings.[5]
- March 16– InParis,representatives ofSpainandPortugalsign an armistice bringing an end to theSpanish–Portuguese Warover the area now occupied by the nation ofUruguayand the area now occupied by the state ofRio Grande do SulinBrazil.The news does not reach the fighting parties until five months later.[6]
- March 28– The Battle of Delhi takes place between theMaratha Empireand theMughals.
April–June
edit- April 5– French Jesuit priest Jean-François Régis is canonized asSaint Regisby the Roman Catholic Church under the reign ofPope Clement XII.
- April 22
- In Afghanistan, Persian shahNader Shahbegins the 11-monthSiege of Kandaharagainst the Pashtun Emir of Afghanistan,Hussain Hotak.[7]The surviving Afghanis surrender on March 24, 1738.
- Lots are first advertised for sale in the new town ofRichmond, Virginia,by the placement of a notice by William Byrd in theVirginia Gazette.According to the paper, "... on the North Side ofJames River,near the Uppermost Landing, and a little below the Falls, is lately laid off by Major Mayo, a Town, called Richmond, with Streets 65 Feet wide, in a pleasant and healthy Situation, and well supply'd with Springs of good Water. It lies near the Publick Warehouse at Shoccoe's, and in the midst of great Quantities of Grain, and all kind of Provisions. The Lots will be granted in Fee Simple, on Condition only of building a House in Three Years Time, of 24 by 16 Feet, fronting within 5 Feet of the Street. The Lots to be rated according to the Convenience of their Situation, and to be sold after this April General Court, by me, William Byrd. "[8]
- May 28– TheplanetVenuspasses in front ofMercury.The event is witnessed during the evening hours, by the amateurastronomerJohn Bevis,at theRoyal Greenwich Observatory.As of2006,it is still the only such planet/planet occultation that has been directly observed.
- June 21– InBritain,theTheatrical Licensing Actrequires plays to be submitted to theLord Chamberlainforcensorship.
- June 30–Russo-Turkish War, 1735-1739:Russianforces underField MarshalMunnichstorm theOttomanfortressofOchakov,and take prisoner 4,000Turks.
July–September
edit- July 9– The direct male line of theMedicifamily becomes extinct, with the death ofGian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
- July 12–Austriaenters theRusso-Turkish Waras an ally of Russia against the Ottoman Empire.[9]
- July 17– The British shipCatherinefounders in a storm off ofNova Scotia'sCape Sable Islandduring its voyage from Ireland toBoston,killing 98 of the 201 people on board.
- August 4– Austria's army is defeated by the Ottoman Army and Bosnian defenders in theBattle of Banja Luka.
- August 15– The Portuguese frigateNossa Senhora da Boa Viagemarrives atMaldonado(now inUruguay) as Captain Duarte Pereira brings the news that theSpanish–Portuguese Warended by an agreement signed on March 16.[6]
- September 1– The oldest existingEnglish languagenewspaperin the world,The News Letter,is founded inBelfast,Ireland.
- September 20–RunnerEdward Marshall completes his journey in theWalking Purchase,forcing the cession of 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km2) ofLenape-Delawaretribal land to theProvince of Pennsylvania.
October–December
edit- October 7– At least 300,000 people are killed when atropical cyclonestrikes theBay of BengalinIndiaand modern-dayBangladesh.The storm sends 12 m (39 ft) high waves over theSundarbansdelta, and overflows theHooghly River.[10]
- October 11– The first national stage inSwedenopens, whenCarl Gyllenborg's playDen svenska sprätthökenis performed in theSwedish language,by the first native actors, on the stage ofBollhusetinStockholm.[11]
- October 16– An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9.3 occurs off the shore ofRussia'sKamchatka Peninsula.Tsunamis up to 60 metres (200 ft) high follow in the Pacific ocean.[12]
- November 4– TheTeatro di San Carlo,the oldest workingopera houseinEurope,is inaugurated inNaples, Italy.
- December 24– GeneralBaji Rao Iof theMaratha Empirein India defeats the armies of the rulers ofHyderabad,Oudh,BhopalandJaipurin theBattle of Bhopal.
- December –John WesleyleavesSavannah,Georgia,and returns to England.
Date unknown
edit- Benjamin Franklincreates thePhiladelphiaPolice Force – the first city-paid force.
- TheGeorg August University of Göttingenin Lower Saxony is opened to students.
- Our Lady of Guadalupeis designated the patron saint ofMexico City.
- Lancaster County Prison,Lancaster, Pennsylvaniais first constructed, in response to the seven preceding violent years of the ongoingCresap's Warin theMaryland-Pennsylvaniaboundary dispute and war.
Births
edit- January 4–Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau,French chemist, politician (d.1816)
- January 23–John Hancock,American politician and revolutionary (d.1793)
- January 29–Thomas Paine,British-born American patriot and pamphleteer (d.1809)
- March 14–Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus,Aromanian physician and noble (d.1828)[13]
- March 23–Arthur St. Clair,American soldier and politician (d.1818)
- April 27–Edward Gibbon,English historian and politician (d.1794)
- May 2–William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne,Prime Minister of Great Britain(d.1805)[14]
- June 20–Tokugawa Ieharu,Japanese shōgun (d.1786)
- August 5–Johann Friedrich Struensee,Danish royal physician (d.1772)
- August 14–Charles Hutton,English mathematician (d.1823)
- August 29–John Hunter,second governor of New South Wales (d.1821)
- September 9–Luigi Galvani,Italian physician and physicist (d.1798)
- September 14–Michael Haydn,Austrian composer (d.1806)
- September 15–Miklós Küzmics,Hungarian Sloveneswriter, Catholic priest (d.1804)
- September 19–Charles Carroll of Carrollton,onlyRoman Catholicsigner of the American Declaration of Independence (d.1832)
- December 26–Prince Josias of Coburg,Austrian general (d.1815)
- date unknown–
- Frances Abington,English actress (d.1815)
- Gelelemend,Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d.1811)
Deaths
edit- January 24–William Wake,Archbishop of Canterbury(b.1657)
- January 29–George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney,British soldier (b.1666)
- February 14–Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot of Hensol,Lord Chancellor of Great Britain(b.1685)
- March 12–Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg,regent of the Kingdom of Serbia (1720–1733) (b.1684)
- March 16–Benjamin Wadsworth,American President of Harvard University (b.1670)
- March 26–Vakhtang VI of Kartli,king of theKingdom of Kartliunder theBagrationi dynasty(b.1675)
- May 3–James Johnston (Secretary of State),diplomat, Secretary of State for Scotland (b.1655)
- May 4
- Eustace Budgell,English writer (b.1686)
- Ferdinand Kettler,Duke of Courland and Semigallia(b.1655)
- May 10–Emperor Nakamikadoof Japan (b.1702)
- May 17–Claude Buffier,French philosopher and historian (b.1661)
- June 6–Pierre Joseph Garidel,French botanist (b.1658)
- July 26–Henri-Pons de Thiard de Bissy,French Catholic priest, bishop and cardinal (b.1657)
- July 9–Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany(b.1671)
- July 26–Johan Cronman,Swedish general (b.1662)
- July 27–Maria Maddalena Martinengo,Italian nun (b.1687)
- September 27–John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester,English privy councillor (b.1680)
- October 12–François Catrou,French historian and Jesuit priest (b.1659)
- October 26–Rinaldo d'Este,Duke of Modena (b.1655)
- November 11–Claude de Visdelou,French missionary (b.1656)
- November 20–Caroline of Ansbach,queen ofGeorge II of Great Britain(b.1683)
- December 11–John Strype,Englishhistorian and biographer (b.1643)
- December 18–Antonio Stradivari,Italian luthier (b.1644)
- December 19–James Sobieski,Crown Prince of Poland (b.1667)
- December 21–Alessandro Galilei,Italian architect, mathematician (b.1691)
- December 27
- William Bowyer,English printer (b.1663)
- Victor-Marie d'Estrées,Marshal of France(b.1660)
- Date unknown –Sally Mapp,English lay bonesetter
References
edit- ^Hargreaves-Mawdsley, W. N. (1979).Eighteenth-Century Spain 1700–1788: A Political, Diplomatic and Institutional History.London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- ^Hassall, Arthur (1907).The Balance of Power, 1715-1789.New York: Macmillan. p. 119.
- ^Historical Calendar(Philippine National Historical Commission, 1970), p11
- ^"Today in Philippine History",The Kahimyang Project.
- ^"On the cause of the eccentricity of the woody layers which one perceives when one cuts horizontally the trunk of a tree" (De la cause de l'excentricité des couches ligneuses qu'on apperçoit quand on coupe horisontalement le tronc d'un arbre).
- ^abMarley, David (1998).Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present.Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 250.
- ^Jaffar, Shazia; Raza, Khalid (2018)."Mir Naseer khan Noori, A great Baloch ruler (his victories and policies towards Balochistan)"(PDF).Journal of Education and Humanities Research:279. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on July 28, 2020.RetrievedJuly 28,2020.
- ^"Advertisement for the Founding of Richmond (1737)",online Encyclopedia of Virginia
- ^Gundogdu, Dr. Raşit (2020). "Mahmud Khan I".The Sultans of the Ottoman Empire.Rumuz Publishing. p. 163.
- ^Davis, Lee, ed. (2004).Natural Disasters.Facts on File Science Library. Facts On File, Inc. p. 241.
- ^Warme, Lars G., ed. (1996).A History of Swedish Literature.University of Nebraska Press. p. 114.
- ^Tsunami: Where they Happen and WhyArchivedNovember 21, 2008, at theWayback Machine- Fathom
- ^Wurzbach, Constantin von(1869).Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich: Nabielak – Odelga.Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich(in German). Vol. 20. p. 316.
- ^"History of William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne - GOV.UK".www.gov.uk.RetrievedJuly 1,2023.
- The Annual Catalogue– List of History, Divinity, Law, Poetry, Plays, Novels, Painting, Architecture, and all other Sciences books published in London in 1737