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Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib[a](c. 566–653CE) was a paternal uncle andsahabi(companion) of theIslamic prophetMuhammad,just three years older than his nephew. A wealthy merchant, during the early years ofIslamhe protected Muhammad while he was inMecca,but only became a convert after theBattle of Badrin 624 CE (2 AH). His descendants founded theAbbasid dynastyin 750.[1]

Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
ٱلْعَبَّاسُبْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْمُطَّلِبِ
Bornc. 566
Mecca,Hejaz,Arabia(present-dayKSA)
Diedc. 653(aged c.86)
Medina,Rashidun Caliphate(present-day KSA)
Known forPaternal uncle ofMuhammadand eponymous ancestor of theAbbasid Dynasty
Spouses(among others)
Children(among others)
Parents
Relatives
brothers:
sisters:
FamilyBanu Hashim(Quraysh)

Early years

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Abbas, born around 565 CE, was one of the younger sons ofAbd al-Muttalib.His mother was Nutayla bint Janab of the Namir tribe.[2]After his father's death, he took over theZamzam Welland the distribution of water to the pilgrims.[3]He became aspice merchantin Mecca,[4]a trade that made him wealthy.[5]Within this role, he managed acaravan networkto and from Syria, where he eventually recruited and trainedMuhammadas anapprenticefor leading the northern leg of the journey.[6]

Conversion to Islam

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During the years when the Muslim religion was gaining adherents (610–622), Abbas provided protection to his kinsman but did not adopt the faith. He acted as a spokesman at the Second Pledge of Aqaba,[7]but he was not among those whoemigratedtoMedina.

Having fought on the side of the polytheists, Abbas was captured during theBattle of Badr.Muhammad allowed al-Abbas to ransom himself and his nephew.[8]

Ibn Hishamsaid that Abbas had become a secret Muslim before the Battle of Badr;[9]but a clear statement to that effect is missing fromTabari's citation of the same source.[10][11]It is said by some authorities that he converted to Islam shortly after the Battle of Badr.[12]

It is elsewhere implied that Abbas did not formally profess Islam until January 630, just before thefall of Mecca,twenty years after his wifeLubabaconverted.[13]Muhammad then named him "last of the migrants" (Muhajirun), which entitled him to the proceeds of the spoils of war. He was given the right to provide Zamzam water to pilgrims, a right which was passed down to his descendants.[1]

Abbas immediately joined Muhammad's army, participating in the Conquest of Mecca, theBattle of Hunaynand theSiege of Ta'if.He defended Muhammad at Hunayn when other warriors deserted him.[14]After these military exploits, Abbas brought his family to live in Medina, where Muhammad frequently visited them[15]and even proposed marriage to his daughter.[16]

Later Abbas fought in the expedition toTabuk.[14]

Family

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Abbas had at least five wives.

  1. Lubaba bint al-Harith(Arabic: لبابة بنت الحارث), also known as Umm al-Fadl, was from theBanu Hilaltribe. Umm al-Fadl claimed to be thesecond woman to convert to Islam,the same day as her close friendKhadijah,the first wife of Muhammad. Umm al-Fadl's traditions of the Prophet appear in all canonical collections ofhadiths.She showed her piety by supernumerary fasting and by attackingAbu Lahab,the enemy of the Muslims, with a tent pole.[17]
  2. Fatima bint Junayd, from the Al-Harith clan of theQurayshtribe.[18]
  3. Hajila bint Jundub ibn Rabia, from the Hilal tribe.[19]
  4. Musliya, a Greek concubine.[20][21]
  5. Tukana, a Jewish woman from theQurayzatribe, whom Abbas married after 632.[22]It is not known whether any of the children were hers.

The known children of Abbas were:

  1. Al-Faraa, who married Qatn ibn Al-Harith, a brother of Lubaba. Her mother is not named.[23]

The following were all the offspring of Lubaba.[24]

  1. Al-Fadl.
  2. Abd Allah.
  3. Ubayd Allah. Ubayd Allah's daughter Lubaba marriedAbbas ibn Aliand had a son Ubayd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Ali.
  4. Qutham.
  5. Ma'bad.
  6. Abd al-Rahman.
  7. Umm Habib.

Other children

  1. Al-Harith. His mother is said to have been either Fatima[18]or Hajila.[19]
  2. Awn, whose mother is not named.[25]
  3. Mushir, whose mother is not named.[26]
  4. Kathir, son of Musliya.[27]
  5. Amina, probably the daughter of Musliya.[20][28]
  6. Safiya, probably the daughter of Musliya.[20][28]
  7. Tammam, the youngest, son of Musliya.[27]

Death

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Abbas died in February 653 at the age of 89. He is buried at theJannatul Baqeecemetery inMedina,Saudi Arabia.[29][30]

Descendants

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Further information:Abbasid Caliphate,Abbasid dynasty,andCaliphate

TheAbbasid dynastyfounded in 750 byAbu al-ʻAbbās ʻAbdallāh as-Saffāhbetter known asAs-Saffahclaimed the title ofcaliph(literally "successor" ) through their descent from Abbas's sonAbdallah.[31]

Many other families claimed direct descent from Abbas, including theKalhorasofSindh,Daudpotas of Bahawalpur, Abbasi's ofMurreePakistan,Abbasi's ofBagh, Azad Kashmir[32]theBerberBanu Abbas,[33]and the modern-dayBawazirofYemen[34]andShaigiyaandJa'alinofSudan.[35]

Family tree

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Quraysh tribe
Waqida bint AmrAbd Manaf ibn QusaiĀtikah bint Murrah
Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf‘Abd ShamsBarraHalaMuṭṭalib ibn Abd ManafHashimSalma bint Amr
Umayya ibn Abd ShamsʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
HarbAbū al-ʿĀsʿĀminahʿAbdallāhHamzaAbī ṬālibAz-Zubayral-ʿAbbāsAbū Lahab
ʾAbī Sufyān ibn Harbal-ḤakamʿUthmānʿAffānMUHAMMAD
(Family tree)		Khadija bint KhuwaylidʿAlī
(Family tree)		Khawlah bint Ja'farIbn Abbas
Muʿāwiyah IMarwān IʿUthmān ibn ʿAffānRuqayyaFatimahMuhammad ibn al-HanafiyyahʿAli ibn ʿAbdallāh
SufyanidsMarwanidsal-Ḥasanal-Ḥusayn
(Family tree)		Abu Hasim
(Imām ofal-MukhtārandHashimiyya)		Muhammad
"al-Imām"
(Abbasids)
Ibrāhim "al-Imām"al-Saffāḥal-Mansur

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Arabic:ٱلْعَبَّاسُبْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْمُطَّلِبِ,romanized:al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib

References

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  1. ^abHuston Smith, Cyril Glasse (2002),The new encyclopedia of Islam,Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press,ISBN0-7591-0190-6
  2. ^al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (1998).Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors.Vol. 39. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 24.
  3. ^Ibn Ishaq,Sirat Rasul Allah.Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955).The Life of Muhammad,p. 79. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  4. ^Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume, p. 113.
  5. ^Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) pp. 309–310.
  6. ^Armstrong, Karen(2006).Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time.HarperCollins.p. 35.ISBN9780062316837.
  7. ^Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 203.
  8. ^Wahba, al-Mawardi Translated by Wafaa H (2000),The ordinances of government = Al-Aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya w'al-wilāyāt al-Dīniyya,Reading: Garnet,ISBN1-85964-140-7
  9. ^Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 309.
  10. ^Alfred Guillaume's footnote to Ibn Ishaq (1955) p. 309.
  11. ^Tabari,Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk.Translated by McDonald, M. V. (1987).Volume 7: The Foundation of the Community,p. 68. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  12. ^Annotated (1998),The history of al-Ṭabarī = (Taʼrīkh al-rusul wa'l mulūk),Albany: State University of New York Press,ISBN0-7914-2820-6
  13. ^Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) pp. 546–548.
  14. ^abTabari (Landau-Tasseron) pp. 24–25.
  15. ^Ibn Saad,Tabaqatvol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995).The Women of Madina,p. 194. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  16. ^Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 311.
  17. ^Roded, Ruth (1994),Women in islamic biographical collections: from Ibn Saʻd to Who's who. P37-38,Boulder u.a.: Rienner,ISBN1-55587-442-8
  18. ^abIbn Hajar,Isabavol. 8 #11586.
  19. ^abIbn Hajar,Isabavol. 2 #1904.
  20. ^abcIbn Saad,Tabaqatvol. 4. “Al-Abbas ibn Abdalmuttalib.”
  21. ^Beheshti, M. (1967).Background of the Birth of Islam,chapter 5. Translated by Ayoub, M. M. (1985). Tehran: International Publishing Co.
  22. ^Majlisi,Hayat Al-Qulubvol. 2. Translated by Rizvi,A Detailed Biography of Prophet Muhammad (saww),p. 1180.
  23. ^Ibn Hajar,Isabavol. 5 #7129.
  24. ^Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) p. 201.
  25. ^Ibn Hajar,Isabavol. 5 #6279.
  26. ^Ibn Hajar,Isabavol. 6 #8329.
  27. ^abTabari (Landau-Tasseron) vol. 39 pp. 75–76.
  28. ^abSee also Majlisi (Rizvi) p. 1208.
  29. ^Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) vol. 39 p. 25.
  30. ^Faruk Aksoy, Omer Faruk Aksoy (2007),The blessed cities of Islam, Makka-Madina,Somerset, NJ: Light Pub.,ISBN978-1-59784-061-3
  31. ^Ira Lapidus.A History of Islamic Societies.Cambridge University Press. 2002ISBN0-521-77056-4p.54
  32. ^History of Daudpota's,Altaf Daudpota,retrieved2009-04-12
  33. ^Abbasis of Murree, Kahuta and BahawalpurBrett, Michael Fentress (1997),The Berbers,Oxford: Blackwell,ISBN0-631-20767-8
  34. ^Web Site of the Bawazir Abbasid Hashimite Family
  35. ^Nicholls, W (1913),The Shaikiya: an Account of the Shaikiya Tribes, of the History of Dongola Province from the XIVth to the XIXth Century
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