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Adolf Kussmaul(German:Carl Philipp Adolf Konrad Kußmaul;22 February 1822 – 28 May 1902) was a German physician[1]and a leading clinician of his time. He was born as the son and grandson of physicians atGrabennearKarlsruheand studied atHeidelberg.He entered the army after graduation and spent two years as an army surgeon. This was followed by a period as ageneral practitionerbefore he went toWürzburgto study for hisdoctorateunderVirchow.
He was subsequently Professor of Medicine atHeidelberg(1857),Erlangen(1859),Freiburg(1859) andStraßburg(1876).
Beyond his medical skills he was also active in literature. He is regarded as one of the creators of the termBiedermeier,an art movement.[2]
He died in Heidelberg.[3]
Eponymous terms
editHis name continues to be used ineponyms.[4][5]He described two medical signs and one disease which have eponymous names that remain in use:
- Kussmaul breathing– very deep and labored breathing with normal, rapid or reduced frequency seen in severediabetic ketoacidosis(DKA).
- Kussmaul's sign– paradoxical rise in thejugular venous pressure(JVP) on inhalation inconstrictive pericarditisorchronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).
- Kussmaul disease(also called Kussmaul–Maier disease) –polyarteritis nodosa.Named withRudolf Robert Maier(1824–1888).
The following eponymous terms are considered archaic:
- Kussmaul's coma –diabetic comadue to ketoacidosis.
- Kussmaul's aphasia –selective mutism.
- Kussmaul's pulse –pulsus paradoxus.
- Kussmaul–Landry paralysis –Guillain–Barré syndrome.
Firsts
edit- First to describedyslexiain 1877, which he called 'word blindness'.[5]
- First to describepolyarteritis nodosa.[5]
- First to describeprogressive bulbar paralysis.[5]
- First to describeselective mutism.[5]
- First to diagnosemesenteric embolism.[5]
- First to performpleural tappingandgastric lavage.
- First to attemptoesophagoscopyandgastroscopy.[5]
- First to describe the emotional symptoms ofmercury exposureas a first stage preceding the physical effects.[6]
References
edit- ^Matteson EL, Kluge FJ (January 2003). "Think clearly, be sincere, act calmly: Adolf Kussmaul (22 February 1822 - 28 May 1902) and his relevance to medicine in the 21st century".Curr Opin Rheumatol.15(1): 29–34.doi:10.1097/00002281-200301000-00006.PMID12496507.S2CID25834351.
- ^Jörgens, Viktor (March 2022)."Happy birthday Doctor Kußmaul!".Acta Diabetologica.59(3): 289–292.doi:10.1007/s00592-022-01848-5.ISSN0940-5429.
- ^Handbook of Pathophysiology.Springhouse. January 15, 2001.
- ^Whitworth, Judith A.;Firkin, Barry G. (1996).Dictionary of medical eponyms.New York: Parthenon Pub.ISBN1-85070-333-7.
- ^abcdefgToodayan, Nadeem; Matteson, Eric (2 October 2022)."Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902), and the naming of 'poliomyelitis'".Journal of the History of the Neurosciences.31(4): 601–624.doi:10.1080/0964704X.2022.2112534.ISSN0964-704X.
- ^Buck., Albert H. Cyclopaedia of the Practice of Medicine Vol. XIV Diseases of the Nervous System. New York: William Wood and Company, 1877. 612. Print.
External links
edit- Adolf Kussmaul,biography from Who Named It?.