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Adolf Reichwein(3 October 1898 – 20 October 1944) was a Germaneducator,economist,and cultural policymaker for theSPD,whoresistedthe policies ofNazi Germany.
Adolf Reichwein | |
|---|---|
 Reichwein,c. 1940 | |
| Born | 3 October 1898 |
| Died | 20 October 1944(aged 46) |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Nationality | German |
Biography
editReichwein was born inBad Ems.He took part in theFirst World War,in which he was seriously wounded in thelung.Reichwein studied at the universities ofFrankfurt am MainundMarburg,underHugo SinzheimerandFranz Oppenheimer,among others. In the 1920s, he was active in education policy and adult education in Berlin and Thuringia. It was he who founded theVolkshochschule( "People's High School" - e.g., Community College) and theArbeiterbildungsheim( "Workers' Training Home" ) inJenaand ran them until 1929. In hisHungermarsch nachLappland( "Hunger March to Lappland" ) he described in diary form a punishing hike with some young jobless people in the far north. In 1929–1930, he worked as an adviser to the Prussian Culture MinisterCarl Heinrich Becker.
From 1930 until 1933, he was a professor at the newly founded Pedagogical Academy inHalle.After the Nazis seized power, he was let go for political reasons and sent off toTiefenseeinBrandenburgto become an elementary schoolteacher. There, until 1939, he conducted many instructional experiments, which received a lot of attention, witheducational progressivismand especially vocational education in mind. Reichwein described in his workSchaffendes Schulvolk( "Productive School People" ) his instructional concept, inspired by theWandervogelmovement and labour-school pedagogy, whose main focus was on trips, activity-oriented instruction with school gardens, and projects spanning age groups. ForSachunterricht(~field education, or practical learning) and its history, he included important historical documents. Reichwein split the instructional content into a summer cycle (natural sciences and social studies) and a winter cycle ( "Man as former" / "in his territory" ). From 1939, Reichwein was working at the Folklore Museum in Berlin as a museum educator.
As a member of theKreisau Circle,Reichwein belonged to the resistance movement againstHitler.In early July 1944, Reichwein was arrested by theGestapo,and, in a trial againstJulius Leber,Hermann MaaßandGustav Dahrendorf,sentenced to death byRoland Freisler'sVolksgerichtshof.He was killed next to Maaß atPlötzensee PrisoninBerlinon 20 October 1944.
Selected works
edit- Schaffendes Schulvolk.Kohlhammer Verlag,Stuttgart/Berlin 1937.
- Film in der Landschule.Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart/Berlin 1938.
- (New annotated edition of both works:)Schaffendes Schulvolk – Film in der Schule. Die Tiefenseer Schulschriften.pub. by.Wolfgang Klafkiet al..Beltz, Weinheim/Basel 1993.ISBN3-407-34063-X
Literature
edit- Ullrich Amlung:
- "... in der Entscheidung gibt es keine Umwege": Adolf Reichwein 1898 - 1944. Reformpädagoge, Sozialist, Widerstandskämpfer.3. Auflage Schüren, Marburg 2003ISBN3-89472-273-8
- Adolf Reichwein: 1898–1944. Ein Lebensbild des Reformpädagogen, Volkskundlers und Widerstandskämpfers.2. Auflage dipa, Frankfurt am Main, 1999ISBN3-7638-0399-8
- Adolf Reichwein 1898 - 1944. Eine Personalbibliographie.Universität Marburg 1991 (Schriften der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg, 54)ISBN3-8185-0087-8
- Hartmut Mitzlaff:Adolf Reichweins (1898–1944) heimliche Reformpraxis in Tiefensee 1933-1939.In: Astrid Kaiser, Detlef Pech (Hrsg.):Geschichte und historische Konzeptionen des Sachunterrichts.Schneider-Verlag Hohengehren, Baltmannsweiler 2004, S. 143–150.ISBN3-89676-861-1
External links
edit- Adolf Reichweinin theGerman National Librarycatalogue
- Adolf-Reichwein-Verein(New Webpage: reichwein-forum)
- Adolf-Reichwein-Archivin theBibliothek für Bildungsgeschichtliche Forschung