Aedes(also known as thetiger mosquito[1]) is agenusofmosquitoesoriginally found in tropical andsubtropical zones,but now found on allcontinentsexceptAntarctica.Some species have been spread byhuman activity:Aedes albopictus,a particularlyinvasive species,was spread to theAmericas,including theUnited States,in the 1980s, by theused-tire trade.[2]
Aedes | |
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Aedes aegypti | |
Scientific classification![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Diptera |
Family: | Culicidae |
Tribe: | Aedini |
Genus: | Aedes Meigen,1818 |
Type species | |
Aedes cinereus Meigen,1818
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Species | |
First described and named byGermanentomologistJohann Wilhelm Meigenin 1818, thegeneric namecomes from theAncient Greekἀηδής,aēdēs,meaning 'unpleasant' or 'odious'. Thetype speciesforAedesisAedes cinereus.[3]
Systematics and phylogeny
editThe genus was named byJohann Wilhelm Meigenin 1818. The generic name comes from the Ancient Greekἀηδής,aēdēs,meaning 'unpleasant'[5]or 'odious'.
As historically defined, the genus contains more than 950species(see thelist ofAedesspecies). The genus has been divided into severalsubgenera(Aedes,Diceromyia,Finlaya,Stegomyia,etc.), most of which have been recently treated by some authorities as full genera.[6]The classification was revised in 2009.[7]
Characteristics
editAedesmosquitoes are visually distinctive because they have noticeable black and white markings on their bodies and legs. Unlike most other mosquitoes, they are active and bite onlyduring the daytime.The peak biting periods are early in the morning and in the evening before dusk.[8][9]
Direct children of this genus
editThe genus contains 28 species that are not placed in a further subgenus:[10]
- Aedes daliensis(Taylor, 1916)
- Aedes mallochiTaylor, 1944
Children with uncertain position
edit- Aedes alticolaBonne Wepster, 1948
- Aedes auronitensEdwards, 1922
- Aedes australiensis(Theobald, 1910)
- Aedes biocellatus(Taylor, 1914)
- Aedes britteniMarks and Hodgkin, 1958
- Aedes candidoscutellumMarks, 1947
- Aedes crossiLien, 1967
- Aedes eatoni(Edwards, 1916)
- Aedes gracilelineatusBonne-Wepster, 1937
- Aedes keefeiKing and Hoogstraal, 1946
- Aedes peipingensisFeng, 1938
- Aedes koreicoidesSasa, Kano and Hayashi, 1950
- Aedes laurieiKing and Hoogstraal, 1946
- Aedes monocellatusMarks, 1948
- Aedes oreophilus(Edwards, 1916)
- Aedes plagosusMarks, 1959
- Aedes quasirubithorax(Theobald, 1910)
- Aedes roaiBelkin, 1962
- Aedes rubiginosusBelkin, 1962
- Aedes sintoni(Barraud, 1924)
- Aedes stanleyiPeters, 1963
- Aedes subauridorsumMarks, 1948
- Aedes toxopeusiBonne-Wepster, 1948
- Aedes tsiliensisKing and Hoogstraal, 1946
- Aedes versicolor(Barraud, 1924)
- Aedes wasselliMarks, 1947
- Aedes annuliventrisBlanchard, 1852
As disease vectors
editMembers of the genusAedesare known vectors for numerous viral infections, includingdengue fever,yellow fever,theZika virus,[11]andchikungunya,which are transmitted by species in the subgenusStegomyiasuch asA. aegyptiandA. albopictus.[12]Infections with these viruses are typically accompanied by a fever, and in some cases, encephalitis, which can lead todeath.Avaccineto provide protection from yellow fever exists, and measures to prevent mosquito bites includeinsecticidessuch asDDT,mosquito traps,insect repellents,mosquito nets,and pest control usinggenetically modified insects.[13]InPolynesia,the speciesAedes polynesiensisis responsible for the transmission ofhuman lymphatic filariasis.
Aedescan be detected and monitored byovitraps.
Sequencing
editThe genome of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) was sequenced by theBroad Instituteandthe Institute for Genomic Research.The initial assembly was released in August 2005; a draft sequence of the genome and preliminary analysis was published in June 2007.[14]The annotated genome is available atVectorBase.[15]An updated and improved version of theAedes aegyptigenome was released in 2018.[16]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Wilkerson, Richard C.; Linton, Yvonne-Marie; Strickman, Daniel (2021). "Genera and Medically Important Species Pages".Mosquitoes of the World.Vol. 1. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 222.ISBN978-1-4214-3814-6.LCCN2019041641.
- ^Hawley, William A.; Reiter, Paul; Copeland, Robert S.; Pumpuni, Charles B.; Craig, George B. (1987-05-29)."Aedes albopictusin North America: Probable Introduction in Used Tires from Northern Asia ".Science.236(4805):1114–1116.Bibcode:1987Sci...236.1114H.doi:10.1126/science.3576225.ISSN0036-8075.PMID3576225.
- ^"Aedes".Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. Archived fromthe originalon 2016-04-06.Retrieved2016-02-04..
- ^Le Goff G, Brengues C, Robert V (2013)."Stegomyia mosquitoes in Mayotte, taxonomic study and description of Stegomyia pia n. sp".Parasite.20:31.doi:10.1051/parasite/2013030.PMC3770211.PMID24025625.
- ^Powell, Jeffrey R.; Tabachnick, Walter J. (2013)."History of domestication and spread ofAedes aegypti- A Review ".Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.108(Suppl 1):11–17.doi:10.1590/0074-0276130395.PMC4109175.PMID24473798.
- ^Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ (2004)."Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), based on morphological characters of all life stages".Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.142(3):289–368.doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00144.x.
- ^Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ (2009)."Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae)"(PDF).Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.157(4):700–794.doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00570.x.
- ^"Dengue and severe dengue".World Health Organization.24 October 2019.
- ^"Dengue and severe dengue".World Health Organization.19 May 2021.
- ^"ITIS - Report: Aedes".www.itis.gov.Retrieved2022-10-07.
- ^"CDC Transmission of Zika virus".Archived fromthe originalon 2017-09-20.Retrieved2017-09-08.
- ^"PAHO Statement on Zika Virus Transmission and Prevention".Pan American Health Organization.2 February 2016. Archived fromthe originalon 2016-01-26.Retrieved2016-01-26.
- ^Fitzsimons, Tom (11 March 2022)."EPA OKs plan to release 2.4 million more genetically modified mosquitoes".NBC News.Retrieved2022-03-13.
- ^Nene V, Wortman JR, Lawson D, Haas B, Kodira C, Tu ZJ, et al. (June 2007)."Genome sequence ofAedes aegypti,a major arbovirus vector ".Science.316(5832):1718–23.Bibcode:2007Sci...316.1718N.doi:10.1126/science.1138878.PMC2868357.PMID17510324.
- ^"Aedes aegypti".VectorBase. Archived fromthe originalon 1 August 2019.Retrieved3 November2013.
- ^Matthews BJ, Dudchenko O, Kingan SB, Koren S, Antoshechkin I, Crawford JE, et al. (November 2018)."Improved reference genome ofAedes aegyptiinforms arbovirus vector control ".Nature.563(7732):501–507.Bibcode:2018Natur.563..501M.doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0692-z.PMC6421076.PMID30429615.
External links
edit- Singapore Government dengue site that describes the mosquito
- "Aedes".NCBI Taxonomy Browser.7158.