Wikipedia

Air Transport Auxiliary

TheAir Transport Auxiliary(ATA) was a British civilian organisation set up at the start ofthe Second World Warwith headquarters atWhite Waltham Airfieldin Berkshire. The ATAferriednew, repaired and damaged military aircraft between factories, assembly plants, transatlantic delivery points, maintenance units (MUs), scrapyards, and active service squadrons and airfields, but not to naval aircraft carriers. It also flew service personnel on urgent duty from one place to another and performed someair ambulancework. Notably, around 10% of its pilots were women, and from 1943 they received equal pay to their male colleagues, a first for the British government.

Air Transport Auxiliary
ATA, Air Transport Auxiliary Ferry pilot's badge
Active15 February 1940–30 November 1945
CountryUnited Kingdom
Size16 ferry pools (1944)
Air Movement Flight Unit
2 Training Units
1,152 pilots (male) 168 pilots (female)
151 flight engineers
19 radio officers
27ADCC,ATC,andSea cadets
2,786 ground staff
Command HQWhite Waltham, Maidenhead
Nickname(s)Call sign: Lost Child
Ferdinand (overseas)
Motto(s)Latin:Aetheris Avidi
"Eager for the Air"
Unofficial:
Anything To Anywhere
Decorations2 Commander British Empire (CBE)
13 Officer British Empire (OBE)
36 Member British Empire (MBE)
6 British Empire Medal (BEM)
1George Medal
6 Commendations
5 Commended for Gallantry
18King's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air

Mission

edit

The initial plan was that the ATA would carry personnel, mail and medical supplies, but the pilots were immediately needed to work with theRoyal Air Force(RAF) ferry pools transporting aircraft.[1]By 1 May 1940 the ATA had taken over transporting all military aircraft from factories to maintenance units to have guns and accessories installed. On 1 August 1941, the ATA took over all ferrying jobs.[2]This freed the much-needed combat pilots for combat duty. At one time there were fourteen ATA ferry pools as far apart asHamble,near Southampton, andLossiemouth,nearInvernessin Scotland.

A special ATA Air Pageant was held at White Waltham on 29 September 1945 to raise money for the ATA Benevolent Fund, supported by the aircraft companies that had been served by the ATA. It included comprehensive static displays of Allied and German aircraft, including a V1, aero engines, and an AA gun and searchlight complete with crew. Pilots taking part includedAlex Henshawin aSupermarine Seafire.

Lord Beaverbrook,a World War IIMinister of Aircraft Production,gave an appropriate tribute at the closing ceremony disbanding the ATA at White Waltham on 30 November 1945:[3]

Without the ATA the days and nights of theBattle of Britainwould have been conducted under conditions quite different from the actual events. They carried out the delivery of aircraft from the factories to the RAF, thus relieving countless numbers of RAF pilots for duty in the battle. Just as the Battle of Britain is the accomplishment and achievement of the RAF, likewise it can be declared that the ATA sustained and supported them in the battle. They were soldiers fighting in the struggle just as completely as if they had been engaged on the battlefront.

Accomplishment

edit
Commendation for ATA pilotRuth Kerly

During the war the ATA flew 415,000 hours and delivered more than 309,000[4]aircraft of 147 types, including Spitfires,Hawker Hurricanes,de Havilland Mosquitoes,North American Mustangs,Avro Lancasters,Handley Page Halifaxes,Fairey Swordfish,Fairey BarracudasandBoeing Fortresses.The average aircraft strength of the ATA training schools was 78. A total of 133,247 hours were flown by school aircraft and 6,013 conversion courses were put through. The total flying hours of the Air Movement Flight were 17,059, of which 8,570 were on domestic flights and 8,489 were on overseas flights. About 883 tons of freight were carried and 3,430 passengers were transported without any casualties; but a total of 174 pilots, women as well as men, were killed flying for the ATA in the wartime years.[5]Total taxi hours amounted to 179,325, excluding Air Movements.[6]

As non-operational delivery flights, the aircraft guns were not loaded. After an encounter with German fighters in UK airspace,[7]the mid-upper gun turrets ofAvro Ansontransports were armed.[8]However, it was realised that this was against international law as the ATA staff were technically civilian status. A number of solutions were considered but eventually the gunners were withdrawn.[9]

Administration

edit

The administration of the ATA fell toGerard d'Erlanger,a director ofBritish Airways Ltd.He had suggested an organisation along the lines of the ATA in a letter dated 24 May 1938. Initially theAir Ministrywas lukewarm to the idea but, with war imminent, they accepted d'Erlanger's proposal and the ATA was set up in 1939.[10]

In late August 1939 the ATA was placed under British Airways Ltd for initial administration and finance,[1]but on 10 October 1939Air Member for Supply and Organisation(AMSO) took over. The first pilots were assigned toRAF Reserve Commandand attached to RAF flights to ferry trainers, fighters and bombers from factory and storage toRoyal Air Force stations.[11]The ATA's Central Ferry Control, which allocated the required flights to all Ferry Pools, was based atRAF Andover.

Late in 1939 it was decided that a third and entirely civilian ferry pool should be set up at White Waltham, nearMaidenheadin Berkshire. The operations of this pool began on 15 February 1940. On 16 May 1940RAF Maintenance Commandtook control through itsNo. 41 Group.Then, on 22 July 1941, the ATA was placed under the control of Lord Beaverbrook's Ministry of Aircraft Production (MAP). Although control shifted between organisations, administration was carried out throughout the war by staff led by Commodore Gerard d’Erlanger, first at British Airways Ltd then, after its merger in 1940, at theBritish Overseas Airways Corporation(BOAC).[2]

Pilots and engineers

edit
First OfficerMaureen Dunlopon the cover ofPicture Postmagazine
Diana Barnato Walkerclimbing into the cockpit of a Spitfire

The ATA recruited pilots who were considered unsuitable for either the Royal Air Force or theFleet Air Armby reason of age, fitness or sex. A unique feature of the ATA was that physical disabilities were ignored if the pilot could do the job – thus, there were one-armed, one-legged, short-sighted and one-eyed pilots, humorously referred to as "Ancient and Tattered Airmen" (ATA).

The ATA also took pilots from other countries, both neutral and combatant. People from 28 countries flew with the ATA, including PrinceSuprabhat Chirasakti(or Jirasakdi), the adopted nephew of the abdicated KingPrajadhipok(Rama VII) and QueenRambai BarniofThailand,who died in the crash of aHawker Hurricanein 1942.)[12].[13]

Women pilots

edit

Most notably, the ATA allowed women pilots to ferry aircraft. The female pilots (nicknamed "Attagirls" )[14]had a high profile in the press. On 14 November 1939 CommanderPauline Gowerwas given the task of organising the women's section of the ATA.[15]The first eight women pilots were accepted into service as No 5 Ferry Pilots Pool on 1 January 1940, initially only cleared to flyde Havilland Tiger Mothbiplanes from their base in Hatfield. They were:Joan Hughes,Margaret Cunnison,Mona Friedlander,Rosemary Rees,Marion Wilberforce,Margaret Fairweather,Gabrielle Patterson,andWinifred Crossley Fair.[16]

Overall duringWorld War IIthere were 166 women pilots, one in eight of all ATA pilots, and they volunteered from Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the United States, the Netherlands and Poland. British women pilots includedMary de Bunsen,Ethel Ruth Nicholson,[17]Edith Beaumont[18]andDiana Barnato Walker.[19]Annette Elizabeth Mahonwas the only Irish woman to serve in the ATA. From Argentina and Chile cameMaureen DunlopandMargot Duhalde,[20]and from DenmarkVera Strodl Dowling.[21]Six Canadian women pilots flew in the ATA, includingMarion Alice Orr,[22]Violet Milstead[23]andHelen Harrison-Bristol.[24][25]

Fifteen of these women lost their lives in service, including the British pioneer aviatrixAmy Johnson,Margaret Fairweather,Joy Davison,Jane Winstone,[26]Honor Salmon,Susan Slade andDora Lang[27]who died alongside Flight Engineer Janice Harrington.[28][24]Two of the women pilots received commendations; one wasHelen Kerly.[29]

A notable American member of the ATA was the aviatrixJacqueline Cochran,who returned to the United States and started a similar all-female organisation known as theWomen Airforce Service Pilots(WASP).

In June 1940 the role of No 5 Ferry Pilots Pool was expanded to other non-combat types of aircraft (trainers and transports) such as thede Havilland Dominie,Airspeed Oxford,Miles MagisterandMiles Master;[30]eventually women were incorporated in the other (previously all-male) ferry pools, and were permitted to fly virtually every type flown by the RAF and the Fleet Air Arm, including the four-engined heavy bombers, but excluding the largestflying boats.[31]Hurricanes were first flown by women pilots on 19 July 1941, and Spitfires in August 1941.[8]

One notable feature of the ATA was that women received the same pay as men of equal rank, starting in 1943. This was the first time that the British government had agreed to equal pay for equal work within an organisation under its control.[32]At the same time American women flying with theWomen Airforce Service Pilots(WASP) were receiving as little as 65 per cent of the pay of their male colleagues.[33]

After the death in December 2020 ofEleanor Wadsworthat the age of 103, and ofJaye Edwards(née Stella Joyce Petersen; served asThird Officerin the ATA from 1943 to 1945)[34]) in August 2022[35]only one female former ATA pilot survived, AmericanNancy Stratford(co-author ofContact! Britain!: A woman ferry pilot's story during WWII in England). Wadsworth had joined the ATA in 1943, flew 22 different aircraft types, and flew Spitfires 132 times.[36]

Engineers

edit
ATA, Air Transport Auxiliary Flight Engineer's wing

As the ATA became established and expanded the size and number of aircraft variants, the need for having a variety of engineers quickly became apparent. Further, as they began delivering larger multi-engine aircraft, the Flight Engineer (F/E) became essential in assisting the pilots. They were presented with their own unique insignia in both stitched and bullion variations.

There were many specific categories and levels of Engineers within the ATA organisation including Flight, Ground, SCE, Records Clerk, Tarmac, etc. Of the approximately 30 Operational Flight Engineers, only a handful were women. One of these was Patricia Parker who started her career with the ATA as a Pilot, third class but went on to become a Flight Engineer. Others were Janice Harrington (died in service), Phillis Pierce and Alice Thomas, the latter who also started as a pilot with the ATA.[37]

Training

edit

The first ATA pilots were introduced to military aircraft at the RAF'sCentral Flying School(CFS), but the ATA soon developed its own training programme. Pilots progressed from light single-engined aircraft to more powerful and complex aircraft in stages. They first qualified on "Class 1" single-engined aircraft such as the Tiger Moth, Magister andPercival Proctor,then gained experience by doing ferrying work with any aircraft in that class, before returning to training to qualify and gain experience on the Class 2 advanced single-engined aircraft. The same process was followed to progress to Class 3 light twin-engined aircraft and Class 4 advanced twin-engined aircraft.[31]

In each case, once cleared to fly one class of aircraft, pilots could be asked to ferry any plane in that class even if they had never seen that type of aircraft before. To do so they had ATA Pilots Notes, a two-ring book of small cards with the critical statistics and notations necessary to ferry each aircraft.[38]

To fly Class 5 four-engined aircraft, pilots were first trained on the Handley Page Halifax heavy bomber and then could be permitted by their Commanding Officer to fly other similar types such as the Avro Lancaster when they had acquired more experience.[39]When flying Class 5 aircraft and certain Class 4 aircraft, the pilot was the sole pilot but was always accompanied by a further crew member such as a flight engineer.[40]There were further rules for Class 6 flying boat ferrying.[31]

The ATA trained its pilots only to ferry planes, rather than to achieve perfection on every type. For example,aerobaticsandblind flyingwere not taught, and pilots were explicitly forbidden to do either, even if they were capable of doing so. Also, in order not to strain the engines, an "ATA cruise" speed was specified in the ATA Pilots Notes.[31]The objective of the ATA was to deliver aircraft safely and that meant taking no unnecessary risks.[41]

Ranks

edit
ATA ranking system[42]
ATA rank Commodore Senior Commander Commander Captain and
Flight Captain 		First Officer Second Officer Third Officer Cadet
Rank insignia

ATA rank insignia was worn on theshoulder strapof the uniform jacket.

Units

edit

The following units were active in the ATA:[43]

  • No. 1 Ferry Pool ATAWhite Waltham,Maidenhead
    Previously: No. 1 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA − 'A' Section of No. 3 Ferry Pilot Pool ATA
  • No. 2 Ferry Pool ATAWhitchurch,Bristol
    Previously: No. 2 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA − 'B' Section of No. 3 Ferry Pilot Pool ATA
  • No. 3 Ferry Pool ATAHawarden,Chester
    Previously: No. 3 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA − 'C' Section of No. 3 Ferry Pilot Pool ATA
  • No. 4 Ferry Pool ATAPrestwick,Ayrshire
    Previously: No. 4 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA
  • No. 5 Ferry Pool ATAThame,Oxfordshire (Training Unit)
Previously: No. 5 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA − 'D' Section of No. 3 Ferry Pilot Pool ATA − Women's Ferry Pilot Pool ATA
Previously: No. 6 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA
Previously: No. 7 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA
Previously: No. 8 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA
Previously: No. 9 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA
Previously: No. 10 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA − No. 4 Ferry Pilot Pool ATA
  • No. 12 Ferry Pool ATACosford,Shropshire
Previously: No. 12 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA
  • No. 14 Ferry Pool ATARingway,Manchester
Previously: No. 14 Ferry Pilots Pool (Civilian) ATA
  • No. 15 Ferry Pool ATAHamble,Southampton
Previously: No. 15 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA
Previously: No. 16 Ferry Pilots Pool ATA − No. 4 Ferry Pilot Pool ATA
  • No. 5 (T) Ferry Pool ATA
Previously: (Training) Ferry Pool ATA
  • Initial Flying Training School ATA
Previously: Elementary Flying Training School ATA − ATA School
  • Air Movements Flight ATA (1942–45)
  • Advanced Flying Training School ATA (1942–45)
Previously: ATA School

Recognition

edit

In 2008 the surviving members of the auxiliary were awarded Air Transport Auxiliary Veterans Badges in recognition for their contributions to the war effort. The badge was announced by Transport Secretary,Ruth Kellyin February 2008. Some of the awards were presented directly by Prime MinisterGordon Brownat a Downing Street reception in September 2008.[44]

See also

edit

In media

edit
  • Dewar, Isla.Izzy's War.Ebury Press, 2010.
  • Flude, Ray (2023). "Girls Can Win Wings! The Air Transport Auxiliary Women Who Learned to Fly Ab Initio".The Aviation Historian(44): 66–77.ISSN2051-1930.
  • Gould, Carol.Spitfire Girls: A Tale of the Lives and Loves Achievements and Heroism of the Women ATA Pilots in World War II.Forfar: Black Ace Books, 1998.
  • Lord Brown, Kate.The Beauty Chorus.London: Corvus Atlantic, 2011
  • Matthews, Beryl.A Flight of Golden Wings.Sutton: Severn House, 2007.
  • Morrison, Margaret and Pamela Tulk-Hart.Paid to Be Safe.London: Hutchinson, 1948.
  • Ryan, Garry.Blackbirds(2012) andTwo Blackbirds(2014). Calgary, Alberta: NeWest Press.
  • Schrader, Helena.The Lady in the Spitfire.Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse, Inc, 2006.
  • Singer, E. M.Mother Flies Hurricanes.Bend, OR: Avidia Cascade Press, 1999.
  • Terrell, George.I'll Never Leave You.San Jose: Writer's Showcase, 2001.
  • Wein, Elizabeth.Code Name Verity(Electric Monkey, 2012) andRose Under Fire(2013)
  • Lester, Natasha.The Paris Secret.New York: Forever (Hachette Book Group), 2020.
  • Blythe, Jim: "Aviatrix". Stage play performed by A48 Theatre Company, Cardiff, 2023.

References

edit

Citations

edit
  1. ^abCheesman 1979,p. 12.
  2. ^abAir Transport Auxiliary,Air Transport Auxiliary.(Handbook) pp. 5–7
  3. ^Cheesman 1979,p. 208.
  4. ^Cheesman 1979,p. 211.
  5. ^Philip Kaplan and Andy Saunders,Little Friends: the Fighter Pilot Experience in World War II England(Random House, 1991) p.158
  6. ^Curtis, Lettice.The Forgotten Pilotsp. 308
  7. ^Jim Mollisontimenote.info,Accessed 10 January 2021
  8. ^abBritish Air Transport Auxiliarywww.airtransportaux.com,Accessed 10 January 2021
  9. ^Curtis, Lettice.The Forgotten Pilotspp. 34, 60-61
  10. ^Masefield, Peter G.; Higham, Robin (2004)."D'Erlanger, Sir Gerard John Regis Leo".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32789.Retrieved17 November2021.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)
  11. ^Cheesman 1979,p. 17.
  12. ^"Second Officer H.R.H. Prince SUPRABHAT CHIRASAKTI".Commonwealth War Graves Commission.Retrieved16 July2023.Adopted son of H R.H. The Prince and Princess of Sukhodaya; husband of H.H. Princess Mani Chirasakti, of Queen Camel, Somerset. The first Siamese in the British Isles to give his life for the Allied cause.
  13. ^Cheesman 1979,p. 92.
  14. ^Aspinall, Adam (7 May 2015)."This 92-year-old war veteran has returned to the skies in her beloved Spitfire".mirror.Retrieved27 February2022.
  15. ^Barnato Walker, Diana.Spreading My Wingsp. 42
  16. ^Curtis, 1985 p. 17
  17. ^"Lambton, Ethel Ruth (W.20)".www.ata-ferry-pilots.org.Retrieved6 December2023.
  18. ^"Beaumont, Edith (W.138)".www.ata-ferry-pilots.org.Retrieved15 May2024.
  19. ^"When women flew Spitfires".HistoryExtra.Retrieved29 May2021.
  20. ^Cheesman 1979,p. 90.
  21. ^Profile (5 June 2021)."Danish WW2 Pilots | 1st Off. Vera Elise Strodl (1918 - 2015)".www.danishww2pilots.dk.Retrieved12 March2022.
  22. ^"Marion Alice Orr - Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame".1 February 2021.Retrieved30 January2024.
  23. ^"Vi Milstead Warren - Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame".18 February 2021.Retrieved30 January2024.
  24. ^ab"ATA Personnel".atamuseum.org.Retrieved4 March2020.
  25. ^"Helen Marcelle Harrison Bristol - Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame".16 October 2020.Retrieved30 January2024.
  26. ^Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu."Winstone, Jane".teara.govt.nz.Retrieved14 January2023.
  27. ^CWGC."First Officer Dora Lang | War Casualty Details 2436476".CWGC.Retrieved22 January2024.
  28. ^CWGC."Flight Engineer Janice Margaret Harrington | War Casualty Details 2436468".CWGC.Retrieved22 January2024.
  29. ^Cole, Paul."Mystery of the Spitfire Heroine".Birmingham Evening Post.Retrieved10 January2021.
  30. ^Curtis, 1985 p. 37
  31. ^abcdCurtis, Lettice.The Forgotten Pilotspp. 74-75
  32. ^Curtis, Lettice.The Forgotten Pilotsp. 200
  33. ^Schrader, Helena.Sisters in Arms.p. 32
  34. ^Thorne, Stephen J. (5 December 2018)."Jaye Edwards: A woman pilot in wartime Britain".Legion Magazine.Retrieved16 August2022.
  35. ^Mountney, Dan (16 August 2022)."Celebrating the life of Second World War pilot Jaye Edwards".Welwyn Hatfield Times.Retrieved16 August2022.
  36. ^WW2's 'Spitfire Women': Eleanor Wadsworth, one of last female pilots, dies10 January 2021, BBC News, accessed 11 January 2021
  37. ^"Personnel Database".21 June 2021.
  38. ^Curtis, 1985 pp. 72-74
  39. ^Curtis, Lettice.The Forgotten Pilotspp. 293-294
  40. ^Curtis, 1985 pp. 77-80
  41. ^Cheesman 1979,p. 58.
  42. ^D. Collet Wadge,Women in Uniform,Imperial War Museum,2003, p. 381, 382.
  43. ^Lake 1999,p. 308.
  44. ^"Aviation heroes honoured by Prime Minister"(Press release). Department for Transport. 9 September 2008.Retrieved27 August2022.

Bibliography

edit
  • Air Transport Auxiliary,Air Transport Auxiliary.(Handbook) White Waltham: Reminder Book, 1945.
  • Cheesman, E. C. (1979) [1946].Brief Glory: The Story of A.T.A.Prescott.OCLC654811034.
  • Lake, A (1999).Flying units of the RAF.Shrewsbury:Airlife.ISBN1-84037-086-6.
  • Barnato Walker, Diana.Spreading My Wings.Patrick Stephens, 1994ISBN1-85260-473-5
  • Curtis, Lettice.The Forgotten Pilots: A Story of the Air Transport Auxiliary, 1939-45.Olney, Bucks: Nelson & Saunders, 1985ISBN0-947750-02-9
  • Schrader, Helena.Sisters in Arms.Barnsley: Pen & Sword Aviation, 2006.ISBN9781473845633

Further reading

edit
  • Bergel, Hugh.Fly and Deliver: A Ferry Pilot's Log Book.Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing, 1982.
  • Curtis, Lettice.Lettice Curtis: Her Autobiography.Walton on Thames: Red Kite, 2004.
  • De Bunsen, Mary.Mount Up with Wings.London: Hutchinson, 1960.
  • Du Cros, Rosemary.ATA Girl: Memoirs of a Wartime Ferry Pilot.London: Muller, 1983.
  • Ellis, Mary.A Spitfire Girl.Barnsley: Frontline Books, 2016.
  • Fahie, Michael.A Harvest of Memories: The Life of Pauline Gower M.B.E..Peterborough: GMS Enterprises, 1995.
  • Genovese, J. Gen.We Flew Without Guns.Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Company, 1945.
  • Hugh Bergel (ed).Flying Wartime Aircraft; ATA Ferry Pilots' Handling Notes for Seven World War II Aircraft.Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1972.ISBN9780715355503
  • Hathaway, Warren.Pursuit of a Dream: The Story of Pilot Vera (Strodl) Dowling.Edmonton, Canada: PageMaster Publishing, 2012.
  • Hawkins, Regina Trice.Hazel Jane Raines, Pioneer Lady of Flight.Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1996.
  • Hyams, Jacky.The Female Few: Spitfire Heroines of the Air Transport Auxiliary.Gloucester: History Press, 2012.ISBN978-0752480961
  • King, Alison.Golden Wings.London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd, 1956.
  • Lucas, Y. M.WAAF with Wings.Peterborough: GMS Enterprises, 1992.ISBN9781870384162
  • Miller Livingston Stratford, Nancyand Wilde, AnnContact! Britain!.Createspace, 2011.ISBN978-1453787830
  • Moggridge, Dolores Theresa.Woman Pilot.London: Michael Joseph, 1957. Republished as: Moggridge, Jackie.Spitfire Girl. My Life in the Sky.London: Head of Zeus, 2014.ISBN978-1781859896
  • Narracott, Arthur Henson.Unsung Heroes of the Air.London: F. Muller, 1943.
  • Phelps, Anthony."I Couldn't Care Less.".Leicester: Harborough Pub. Co.; sole distributors to the trade: H. Marshall, 1945.
  • Taylor, Leonard.Airwomen's Work.London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1943.
  • Thomas, Nick.Naomi the Aviatrix.Createspace, 2011.ISBN9781453883853
  • Volkersz, Veronica(1956).The Sky and I.London: W.H. Allen.
  • Walters, Anthony Jack.Air Transport Auxiliary (The Lost Child).Wallingford: Aries Publications, 2006.ISBN9780954181567
  • Welch, Ann Courtenay Edmonds.Happy to Fly: An Autobiography.London: John Murray, 1983.ISBN978-0719540332
  • Wheeler, Jo.The Hurricane Girls: The Inspirational True Story of the Women who Dared to Fly.London: Penguin Books, 2018.ISBN978-0-241-35463-6
  • Whittell, Giles.Spitfire Women of World War II.London: Harper Press, 2007.ISBN9780007235360

Other books that mention the ATA's women pilots

edit
  • Bell, Elizabeth S.Sisters of the Wind: Voices of Early Women Aviators.Pasadena, CA: Trilogy Books, 1994.
  • Jaros, Dean.Heroes Without Legacy: American Airwomen, 1912-1944.Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado, 1993.
  • Keil, Sally Van Wagenen.Those Wonderful Women in Their Flying Machines: The Unknown Heroines of World War II.New York: Rawson, Wade Publishers, 1979.
  • Lomax, Judy.Women of the Air.New York: Dodd, Mead, 1987.
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related toAir Transport Auxiliary.

Online films

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_Transport_Auxiliary&oldid=1253367394"