Wikipedia

Alipay

Alipay(simplified Chinese:Chi phó bảo;traditional Chinese:Chi phó bảo;pinyin:zhīfùbǎo) is a third-partymobileandonline payment platform,established inHangzhou,China in February 2004 byAlibaba Groupand its founderJack Ma.In 2015, Alipay moved its headquarters toPudong,Shanghai,although its parent companyAnt Financialremains Hangzhou-based.[1]

Alipay
Native name
Chi phó bảo
Zhīfùbǎo
IndustryFinancial services
Payment processor
FoundedFebruary 2004;20 years ago(2004-02)inHangzhou,Zhejiang,China
FounderJack Ma
HeadquartersPudong,
Shanghai
,
China
Area served
Worldwide
ProductsElectronic payment processing
Banking
Mobile payment
ParentAnt Financial
Websitewww.alipay.com
Alipay
Traditional ChineseChi phó bảo
Simplified ChineseChi phó bảo
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhīfùbǎo

Alipay overtookPayPalas the world's largest mobile (digital) payment platform in 2013.[2]As of June 2020, Alipay serves over 1.3 billion users and 80 million merchants.[3]According to the statistics of the fourth quarter of 2018, Alipay has a 55.32% share of the third-party payment market in mainland China, and it continues to grow.[4][5][6]

Along withWeChat,Alipay has been described to be China'ssuper-appwith a wide range of functionalities includingridesharing,travel booking and medical appointments.[7][8]

History

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The service was first launched in 2003, byTaobao.[9][10][11]ThePeople's Bank of China,China's central bank, issued licensing regulations in June 2010 for third-party payment providers. It also issued separate guidelines for foreign-funded payment institutions.[citation needed]Because of this, Alipay, which accounted for half of China's non-bank online payment market[citation needed],was restructured as a domestic company controlled by AlibabaCEOJack Main order to facilitate the regulatory approval for the license.[12] The 2010 transfer of Alipay's ownership was controversial, with media reports in 2011 thatYahoo!andSoftbank(Alibaba Group's controlling shareholders) were not informed of the sale for nominal value. Chinese business publicationCentury Weeklycriticised Ma, who stated that Alibaba Group's board of directors was aware of the transaction.[13]The incident was criticised in foreign and Chinese media as harming foreign trust in making Chinese investments.[14]The ownership dispute was resolved byAlibaba Group,Yahoo!, andSoftbankin July 2011.[15]

In 2013 Alipay launched a financial product platform calledYu'e Bao[zh].[16]Alipay partnered withTianhong Asset Managementto launch the it.[16]Yu'e Bao offers an online money market account in which Alipay customers can deposit money and receive a higher interest rate than that available from banks.[17]: 33 It soon became China's largest online money market fund and prompted competitors like Baidu and Tencent to introduce alternatives.[17]: 33 Alibaba (the parent company of Alipay) reported having 152 million Yu'e Bao users in mid-2016, with 810 billion RMB (US$117 billion) in funds under management.[18]

In 2015, Alipay's parent company was re-branded asAnt Financial Services Group.[19]

In 2017, Alipay unveiled theirfacial recognitionpayment service.[20]

In 2020, Alipay upgraded from a payment financial instrument to an open platform for digital life.[21]

In 2021, the mandate by theMinistry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT) to open up the "walled garden"ecosystems of the major tech companies has led to the introduction of interoperability of payment QR codes of Alipay and competingWeChat PayandUnionPay'sCloud QuickPassplatforms.[22]

Services

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Food ordering with Alipay in Mainland China

Alipay states that it operates with more than 65 financial institutions includingVisaandMasterCard[23]to provide payment services forTaobaoandTmallas well as more than 460,000 online and local Chinese businesses.

Alipay is used in smartphones with their Alipay Wallet app.QR codepayment codes are used for local in-store payments.[24]The Alipay app also provides features such ascredit cardbill payments,bank accountmanagements,P2P transfer,prepay mobile phonetop-up, bus and train ticket purchases, food orders,vehicles for hire,insurance selections and a digital identification document storage.[25]Alipay also allows online check-out on most Chinese-based websites such asTaobaoandTmall.[26]

The Alipay app allows users to add their own services provided from different companies to create a more personalised experience.[27]

Since late-2008, Alipay has promoted public service payment services and has covered more than 300 cities nationwide, supporting more than 1,200 partner organizations.[28]In addition to utility bills such as water and electricity, Alipay also extends their services to areas such as paying transportation fines, property fees, and cable television fees.[29]Common online payment services also includehydropowercoal payment, tuition payment and traffic fine.[30]

On 15 January 2009, Alipay launched acredit cardrepayment service, supporting 39 domestic bank-issued credit cards.[31]It is currently the most popular third-party repayment platform. The main advantages are free credit card bills checking, repayments with no administrative fee, as well as automatic repayment, repayment reminders and other value-added services.[32]In the first quarter of 2014, 76% of credit cards were also paid by Alipay Wallet.

From December 2013, several chain convenience store companies, including Meiyijia, Hongqi Chain, and Qishiduo C-STORE and7-Eleven,have successively supported Alipay payment; in December, Beijing taxi drivers began to accept Alipay to pay the fare. Subsequently,Wanda Cinema,Joy City,Wangfujingand other large-scale retail companies as well as movie theaters, KTV, and catering companies have access to Alipay.

From March 26, 2019, the service fee will be charged for the payment of credit card through Alipay. Customers only pay the portion of the payment that exceeds 2,000 yuan at 0.1%.[33]

In November 2019, Alipay introduced Tourpass,[34]a service component that allows non-Chinese users to use its mobile payment feature by pre-loading Chinese Yuan equivalent foreign currency into the app.[35]

In 2020, Alipay used a QR code system to help in containing theCOVID-19 outbreak.The health code system tags users one of three colors according to their location, basic health information and travel history.[36]

"Beauty filters" were included to Alipay's face-scan payment system in a new upgrade that was released in July 2019. The market has responded well to the "beauty filters," which make users seem better when they use the program to make payments.[37]

Foreign expansion

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Outside of China, more than 300 worldwide merchants use Alipay to sell directly to consumers in China.[38]It currently supports transactions in 18 foreign currencies.

Since the launch of Alipay in theMainland China,Ant Financial introduced a series of expansion of the services to other countries.[39][40][41][42]Other than expanding into individual countries, the system would also be integrated with online payment platform providers.Ant Grouphad acquired a majority stake into 2C2P, a Singapore-based provider used by merchants worldwide in April 2022, and would eventually integrate Alipay with 2C2P.[43]

Alipay was discontinued in Brazil in 2022 and it is no longer possible to use the service.

Asia

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Bangladesh

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In 2018, Alipay bought 20% shares inBangladeshimobile financial service providerbKash Limited.[44]

Hong Kong

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In 2017, Ant Financial expanded toHong Kong.In a joint venture withCK Hutchison,as Alipay Payment Services (HK), it launched the "AlipayHK" brand.[45]A standalone app provides features such as mobile payments and P2P transfers. All transactions are made and settled in localHong Kong dollars.[46]The service then became available in major chain stores includingMcDonald's,7-ElevenandCircle K.[47]Wet marketsand other merchants were also supported.[48]From 2020 and 2021, with AlipayHK passing two million users, the service became accepted onMTR,busesandferries.[49]

In July 2021, Alipay was introduced in Brazil as a digital wallet for transactions on AliExpress. With this feature, customers could store balance in their account, collect bonuses and use it as a form of payment for purchases made on the marketplace,[50]but the Alipay Brazil Digital Consumer Account was discontinued on September 30, 2022.

Japan

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Alipay enteredJapanin 2015, with network up to 38,000. Ant Financial hopes that their network in Japan could help Chinese tourists that are heading to Japan.[51]

Philippines

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Alipay was introduced to thePhilippinesin 2018 byAsia United Bank(AUB).[52]AUB also introducedWeChat Pay,and intends to use both payment systems to cater to Chinese tourists visiting the country.[53]

Ant Financial also has invested on Mynt, the operator of the mobile serviceGCashwhich caters to the Philippine market. It helped convert GCash into a cashless mobile payment service similar to Alipay.[54]

Singapore

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In 2017, Ant Financial partnered with CC Financial, a start-up company inSingapore.Alipay plans to expand its 20,000 acceptance points in Singapore, and open up their platform to Singapore banking users.[55][56]

South Korea

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Alipay was introduced inSouth Koreain 2015, and is now available at various merchants around the country. Users can even receive an instant tax refund at four major airports in the country. In 2019, taxis inSeouland Starbucks will accept Alipay via Kakaopay.[57][58][59]

Vietnam

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Alipay enteredVietnamin 2010, with its network up to 21,000.[citation needed][clarification needed]Ant Financial hopes that their network in Vietnam could assist Chinese tourists visiting the country.[60]Currently in Vietnam,Davitrans,a proxy shipping service, is the only website in the country that accepts Alipay as one of its payment methods.

Oceania

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Australia

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In February 2019, Alipay and Tourism Australia announced a service to promote Australian destinations to Chinese tourists using the city ofSydneyas a 12-month pilot project. The new Sydney City Card will introduce an interactive city map in the Alipay app to alert tourists to participating locations and retailers that welcome Alipay payments. A similar initiative will be trialed concurrently inQueenstown, New Zealand.[61]

North America

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United States

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Ant Financial has partnered withFirst Datain 2017.[62]It allows Alipay service to be used at point-of-sale with more than four million retail partners inUnited States.[63]

Canada

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In 2017, Alipay partnered with SnapPay[64]to allow Canadian retailers to accept Chinese currency from Chinese shoppers. There are currently 800 merchants inCanadathat supports Alipay, including mostCadillac Fairviewmall locations in partnership with OTT Pay,[65]such as the flagshipEaton Centreof Toronto andCF Chinook Centrein Calgary.[66][67]Air Canada began allowing transactions in Alipay to book flights from Canada and the United States beginning in August 2018, after initially rolling out the feature for booking of flights originating from China.[68]

Europe

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France

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Alipay partners with Silkpay[69]to enable merchants in France and other European countries to accept Alipay payments online and in-store.[70]

Iceland

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Alipay has partnered with Splitit and ePassi in Iceland.[71][72]

Italy

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Alipay partnered withUniCredit,SIAandBanca Sella Groupto enable app payments in physical and online stores inItaly.[73][74]

Norway

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Alipay has started cooperating with Vipps inNorway.30 shops in Bergen are ready to receive Alipay-customers, and in January 2019 some shops in Oslo will be ready.[75]

Russia

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Alipay proposed a partnership withSberbankto provide immediate money transfers by cellphone number betweenRussiaandChinaby 2022: the proposal pre-dates theRussian invasion of Ukrainein 2022, which resulted inVisaandMastercardsuspending operations in the Russia.[76]

United Kingdom

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Alipay partnered with Barclaycard in United Kingdom, bringing Alipay to UK retailers.[77]

Comparison with other payment systems

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Alipay is conceptually similar toApple Pay,WeChat PayandPayPalbecause it overlays traditional card payment methods. Although users receive immediate notification of the transaction, the main difference among Alipay and aninstant paymentsystem, likeVenmoorZelleis that the funds transfer between counterparties is not immediate.[78]The settlement time depends on the payment method chosen by the customer, while for instant payment systems, the funds are transferred within seconds or minutes.

At the time it was implemented and integrated into Taobao, the mandatory escrow feature of Alipay was a major institutional innovation for e-commerce platforms.[79]: 53 This was a major reason Taobao was able to outcompete eBay/EachNet in the Chinese market.[79]: 53–54 

Regulatory history

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Prior to Alipay, third-party payment was a legal grey area in China.[17]: 32 In an effort to build trust with regulators, Alibaba informed regulators about the development of Alipay from the outset and provided regulators with monthly updates on its development.[79]: 55 As Alipay's popularity increased, it became accepted by Chinese regulators.[17]: 32–33 In 2010, thePeople's Bank of China(PBoC) issued administrative measures regarding non-financial payment services.[17]: 33 These measures retroactively recognized the legal status of online third-party payment platforms like Alipay.[17]: 33 In 2011, Alipay obtained a license to become one of the first licensed non-financial institutions to conduct payment operations.[17]: 33 

The PBoC supported the growth of Yu'e Bao and similar funds with a permissive regulatory environment initially but began increasing regulation of such funds in 2017.[17]: 33 

In September 2021, theChinese governmentstated its intent to dismantle the Alipay super app into separate businesses due to concerns over "systemic financial risks" as Chinese e-commerce and fintech firms had begun to amass huge troves of user data for their operations. The move essentially splitAnt Group'sconsumer lending businesses, credit card-like Huabei and micro-loan provider Jiebei, from Alipay's financial offerings.[80][81][82]

In November 2021, Alipay introduced a new privacy protection feature amid growing concerns over data privacy and after China's Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) came into effect on 1 November 2021. The PIPL prohibits the unnecessary collection of personal information, abuse of personal privacy, and data exchanges with overseas entities. Alipay's new feature allows users to track how the app collects data about them and is an interactive equivalent to aprivacy policy,which explains how an app collects, stores, and shares user data.[83]

Alipay was banned in India (along with other Chinese apps) on 2 September 2020 by the government amid the2020 China-India skirmish.[84][85]

See also

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References

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