Wikipedia

Allen Toussaint

Allen Richard Toussaint(/ˈtuːsɑːnt/;January 14, 1938 – November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter, arranger, and record producer. He was an influential figure inNew Orleans rhythm and bluesfrom the 1950s to the end of the century, described as "one of popular music's great backroom figures."[1]Many musicians recorded Toussaint's compositions. He was a producer for hundreds of recordings: the best known are "Right Place, Wrong Time",by longtime friendDr. John,and "Lady Marmalade"byLabelle.

Allen Toussaint
Toussaint at the Freret Street Festival, New Orleans, 2009
Toussaint at the Freret Street Festival, New Orleans, 2009
Background information
Birth nameAllen Richard Toussaint
Born(1938-01-14)January 14, 1938
Gert Town,New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
OriginNew Orleans,Louisiana, U.S.
DiedNovember 10, 2015(2015-11-10)(aged 77)
Madrid,Spain
Genres
Occupations
  • Musician
  • composer
  • arranger
  • record producer
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • piano
Years active1958–2015
Labels

Biography

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Early life and career

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The youngest of three children, Toussaint was born in 1938 inNew Orleansand grew up in ashotgun housein theGert Townneighborhood, where his mother,Naomi Neville(whose name he later adopted pseudonymously for some of his works), welcomed and fed all manner of musicians as they practiced and recorded with her son. His father, Clarence, worked on the railway and played trumpet.[1][2]Allen Toussaint learned piano as a child and took informal music lessons from an elderly neighbor, Ernest Pinn.[3]In his teens he played in a band, the Flamingos, with the guitaristSnooks Eaglin,[4]before dropping out of school. A significant early influence on Toussaint was thesyncopated"second-line"piano style ofProfessor Longhair.[2]Toussaint was raisedCatholic.[5]

After a lucky break at age 17, in which he stood in forHuey "Piano" Smithat a performance withEarl King's band inPrichard, Alabama,[6]Toussaint was introduced to a group of local musicians led byDave Bartholomew,who performed regularly at theDew Drop Inn,a nightclub on Lasalle Street inUptown New Orleans.[7]His first recording was in 1957 as a stand-in forFats Dominoon Domino's record "I Want You to Know",on which Toussaint played piano and Dominooverdubbedhis vocals.[3]His first success as a producer came in 1957 with Lee Allen's "Walking with Mr. Lee".[1]He began performing regularly in Bartholomew's band, and he recorded with Fats Domino,Smiley Lewis,Lee Allenand other leading New Orleans performers.[4]

After being spotted as asidemanby theA&Rman Danny Kessler, he initially recorded forRCA RecordsasAl Tousan.In early 1958 he recorded an album of instrumentals,The Wild Sound of New Orleans,with a band includingAlvin "Red" Tyler(baritone sax), either Nat Perrilliat or Lee Allen (tenor sax), either Justin Adams orRoy Montrell(guitar),Frank Fields(bass), and Charles "Hungry" Williams (drums).[8]The recordings included Toussaint and Tyler's composition "Java",which first charted forFloyd Cramerin 1962 and became a number 4 pop hit forAl Hirt(also on RCA) in 1964.[9]Toussaint recorded and co-wrote songs with Allen Orange in the early 1960s.[10]

Success in the 1960s

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Minit and Instant Records

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In 1960, Joe Banashak, ofMinit Recordsand laterInstant Records,hired Toussaint as anA&Rman andrecord producer.[3][11]He did freelance work for other labels, such asFury.Toussaint played piano, wrote, arranged and produced a string of hits in the early and mid-1960s for New Orleans R&B artists such asErnie K-Doe,Chris Kenner,Irma Thomas(including "It's Raining"),ArtandAaron Neville,The Showmen,andLee Dorsey,whose first hit "Ya Ya"he produced in 1961.[1][4]

The early to mid-1960s are regarded as Toussaint's most creatively successful period.[3]Notable examples of his work areJessie Hill's "Ooh Poo Pah Doo"(written by Hill and arranged and produced by Toussaint), Ernie K-Doe's" Mother-in-Law ", and Chris Kenner's"I Like It Like That".[11][12][13]A two-sided 1962 hit byBenny Spellmancomprised "Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)"(covered byThe O'Jays,Ringo Starr,andAlex Chilton) and the simple but effective "Fortune Teller"(covered by various 1960s rock groups, includingThe Rolling Stones,The Nashville Teens,The Who,The Hollies,The Throb,andThe SearchersfounderTony Jackson).[11][14][15]"Ruler of My Heart", written under his pseudonym Naomi Neville, first recorded by Irma Thomas for the Minit label in 1963, was adapted byOtis Reddingunder the title "Pain in My Heart" later that year, prompting Toussaint to file a lawsuit against Redding and his record company,Stax(the claim was settled out of court, with Stax agreeing to credit Naomi Neville as the songwriter).[16]Redding's version of the song was also recorded by The Rolling Stones on theirsecond albumand was in theGrateful Dead's early repertoire.[17]In 1964, "A Certain Girl" (originally by Ernie K-Doe) was the B-side of the first single release byThe Yardbirds.The song was released again in 1980 byWarren Zevon,as the single from the albumBad Luck Streak in Dancing School;it reached 57 on Billboard'sHot 100.Mary Weiss,former lead singer ofThe Shangri-Las,released it as "A Certain Guy" in 2007.[18]Linda Ronstadtreleased a jazzy version of "Ruler of my Heart" in 1998 onWe Ran.

Toussaint credited about twenty songs to his parents, Clarence and Naomi, sometimes using the pseudonym "Naomi Neville".[19][20]These include "Fortune Teller", first recorded by Benny Spellman in 1961, "Pain In My Heart," first a hit forOtis Reddingin 1963, and "Work, Work, Work", recorded byThe Artwoodsin 1966.Alison KraussandRobert Plantcovered "Fortune Teller" on their 2007 albumRaising Sand.[21]

Sansu: Soul and early New Orleans funk

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See also:soul musicandfunk

Toussaint was drafted into theUnited States Armyin 1963 but continued to record when on leave.[1]After his discharge in 1965, he joined forces withMarshall Sehorn[22]to form Sansu Enterprises, which included a record label, Sansu, variously known as Tou-Sea, Deesu, or Kansu, and recorded Lee Dorsey, Chris Kenner,Betty Harris,and others. Dorsey had hits with several of Toussaint's songs, including "Ride Your Pony" (1965), "Working in the Coal Mine"(1966), and"Holy Cow"(1966).[4][22]The core players of the rhythm section used on many of the Sansu recordings from the mid- to late 1960s, Art Neville and the Sounds, consisted ofArt Nevilleon keyboards,Leo Nocentellion guitar,George Porter Jron bass, andZigaboo Modelisteon drums. They later became known asThe Meters.[23]Their backing can be heard in songs such as Dorsey's "Ride Your Pony" and "Working in the Coal Mine", sometimes augmented by horns, which were usually arranged by Toussaint.[24]The Toussaint-produced records of these years backed by the members of the Meters, with their increasing use of syncopation and electric instrumentation, built on the influences of Professor Longhair and others before them, but updated these strands, effectively paving the way for the development of a modern New Orleans funk sound. [23][25]

1970s to 1990s

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"Mess of Love"
Words and music by Allen Toussaint, fromJohn Mayall's 1976 albumNotice to Appear
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Toussaint continued to produce The Meters when they began releasing records under their own name in 1969. As part of a process begun at Sansu and reaching fruition in the 1970s, he developed a funkier sound, writing and producing for a host of artists, such asDr. John(backed by the Meters, on the 1973 albumIn the Right Place,which contained the hit "Right Place, Wrong Time" ) and an album byThe Wild Tchoupitoulas,a New OrleansMardi Gras Indianstribe led by "Big Chief Jolly" (George Landry) (backed by the Meters and several of his nephews, including Art andCyril Nevilleof the Meters and their brothersCharlesandAaron,who later performed and recorded asThe Neville Brothers).[26][27][28]

In the 1970s, Toussaint began to work with artists from beyond New Orleans artists, such asB. J. Thomas,Robert Palmer,Willy DeVille,Sandy Denny,Elkie Brooks,Solomon Burke,Scottish soul singerFrankie Miller(High Life), and southern rockerMylon LeFevre.[29][30]He arranged horn music forThe Band's albumsCahoots(1971) andRock of Ages(1972), as well as for the documentary filmThe Last Waltz(1978).[31][32][33]Boz Scaggsrecorded Toussaint's "What Do You Want the Girl to Do?" on his 1976 albumSilk Degrees,which reached number 2 on theU.S. pop albums chart.The song was also recorded byBonnie Raittfor her 1975 albumHome Plateand byGeoff Muldaur(1976),Lowell George(1979),Vince Gill(1993), andElvis Costello(2005).[34]In 1976 he collaborated withJohn Mayallon the albumNotice to Appear.[35]

In 1973 Toussaint and Sehorn created theSea-Saintrecording studio in theGentillysection of eastern New Orleans.[36][37]Toussaint began recording under his own name, contributing vocals as well as piano. His solo career peaked in the mid-1970s with the albumsFrom a Whisper to a ScreamandSouthern Nights.[38][39]During this time he teamed withLabelleand produced their acclaimed 1975 albumNightbirds,which contained the number one hit "Lady Marmalade".The same year, Toussaint collaborated withPaul McCartneyandWingsfor their hit albumVenus and Marsand played on the song "Rock Show".In 1973, his" Yes We Can Can "was covered byThe Pointer Sistersfor their self-titled debut album; released as a single, it became both a pop and R&B hit and served as the group's introduction to popular culture. Two years later,Glen Campbellcovered Toussaint's "Southern Nights"and carried the song to number one on the pop, country, and adult contemporary charts.[40]Toussaint's song "I'll Take A Melody" figured permanently in the repertoire of theJerry Garcia Band.

In 1987, he was themusical directorof anoff-Broadwayshow,Staggerlee,with a score composed of songs from his catalog, which ran for 150 performances.[3][41]Like many of his contemporaries, Toussaint found that interest in his compositions was rekindled when his work began to besampledbyhip hopartists in the 1980s and 1990s.[42][43]

2000s

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Toussaint performing inStockholmin 2009
Toussaint with theDalai Lamain 2013

Most of Toussaint's possessions, including his home and recording studio,Sea-Saint Studios,were lost duringHurricane Katrinain 2005.[44][45]He initially sought shelter at the Astor Crowne Plaza Hotel onCanal Street.[44]Following the hurricane, whose aftermath left most of the city flooded, he left New Orleans forBaton Rouge, Louisiana,and for several years settled inNew York City.[44][45]His first television appearance after the hurricane was on the September 7, 2005, episode of theLate Show with David Letterman,sitting in withPaul Shafferand hisCBS Orchestra.Toussaint performed regularly atJoe's Pubin New York City through 2009.[46]He eventually returned to New Orleans and lived there for the rest of his life.[47]

Toussaint is interviewed on screen, served as a musical director, led his band and appears in performance footage in the 2005 documentary filmMake It Funky!,which presents a history ofNew Orleans musicand its influence onrhythm and blues,rock and roll,funkandjazz.[48]In the film, he performed a medley of his compositions "Fortune Teller","Working in the Coal Mine"and"A Certain Girl".He also performed"Tipitina"in a piano duo withJon Cleary,and accompaniedIrma Thomason "Old Records",Lloyd Priceon "Lawdy Miss Clawdy",andBonnie Raitton "What is Success".[49]

The River in Reverse,Toussaint's collaborative album withElvis Costello,was released on May 29, 2006, in the UK onVerve Recordsby Universal Classics and JazzUCJ.[50]It was recorded inHollywoodand at thePiety Street Studioin theBywater,as the first major studio session to take place after Hurricane Katrina.[51]In 2007, Toussaint performed a duet withPaul McCartneyof a song by New Orleans musician and residentFats Domino,"I Want to Walk You Home",as their contribution toGoin' Home: A Tribute to Fats DominoonVanguard.[52]

In 2008, Toussaint's song "Sweet Touch of Love" was used in a deodorant commercial for the Axe (Lynx) brand. The commercial won a Gold Lion at the 2008Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival.In February 2008, Toussaint appeared onLe Show,theHarry Shearershow broadcast onKCRW.He appeared in London in August 2008, where he performed at theRoundhouse.[53]In October 2008 he performed at Festival New Orleans atThe O2alongside acts such as Dr. John andBuckwheat Zydeco.[54]Sponsored byQuint Davisof theNew Orleans Jazz & Heritage FestivalandPhilip Anschutz,the event was intended to promote New Orleans music and culture and to revive the once lucrative tourist trade that had been almost completely lost following the flooding that came with Hurricane Katrina.[54]After his second performance at the festival, Toussaint appeared alongside Louisiana Lieutenant GovernorMitch Landrieu.[55]

Toussaint performed instrumentals from his albumThe Bright Mississippiand many of his older songs for a taping of the PBS seriesAustin City Limits,which aired on January 9, 2015.[56][57]In December 2009, he was featured onElvis Costello'sSpectacleprogram on theSundance Channel,[58]singing "A Certain Girl".[59]Toussaint appeared onEric Clapton's 2010 album,Clapton,in twoFats Wallercovers, "My Very Good Friend the Milkman" and "When Somebody Thinks You're Wonderful".[60]

His late-blooming career as a performer began when he accepted an offer to play a regular Sunday brunch session at anEast Villagepub. Interviewed in 2014 byThe Guardian′sRichard Williams,Toussaint said, "I never thought of myself as a performer.... My comfort zone is behind the scenes." In 2013 he collaborated on a ballet with the choreographerTwyla Tharp.[1]Toussaint was a musical mentor to Swedish-born New Orleans songwriter and performerTheresa Andersson.[61]Toussaint's two marriages ended in divorce.[2]

Death

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Toussaint died in the early hours of November 10, 2015, inMadrid,Spain, while on tour. Following a concert at the Teatro Lara on Calle Corredera Baja de San Pablo, he had a heart attack at his hotel and was pronounced dead on his arrival at the hospital.[62]He was 77. He had been due to perform a sold-out concert at theEFG London Jazz FestivalatThe Barbicanon November 15 with his band andTheo Croker.He was also scheduled to play withPaul Simonat a benefit concert in New Orleans on December 8.[2]His final recording,American Tunes,titled after the Paul Simon song, which he sings on the album, was released byNonesuch Recordson June 10, 2016.[63]

He was survived by his three children, Clarence (better known as Reginald), Naomi, and Alison, and several grandchildren. His children had managed his career in his last years.[64][47]

Writing inThe New York Times,Ben SisarioquotedQuint Davis,producer of the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival: "In the pantheon of New Orleans music people, fromJelly Roll MortontoMahalia JacksontoFats—that's the place where Allen Toussaint is... "Paul Simon said," We were friends and colleagues for almost 40 years.... We played together at the New Orleans jazz festival. We played the benefits for Katrina relief. We were about to perform together on December 8. I was just beginning to think about it; now I'll have to think about his memorial. I am so sad. "[47]

TheDaily Telegraphdescribed Toussaint as "a master of New Orleans soul and R&B, and one of America's most successful songwriters and producers," adding that "self-effacing Toussaint played a crucial role in countless classic songs popularised by other artists." He had written so many songs, over more than five decades, that he admitted to forgetting quite a few.[2]

Partial discography

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Main article:Allen Toussaint discography

Awards and honors

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Toussaint receiving theNational Medal of Artsin 2013

Toussaint was inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Famein 1998, theLouisiana Music Hall of Famein 2009, theSongwriter's Hall of Fame,and theBlues Hall of Famein 2011. In 2013 he was awarded theNational Medal of Artsby PresidentBarack Obama.[65]In 2016, he posthumously won thePinetop PerkinsPiano Player title at theBlues Music Awards.[66]In January 2022, theNew Orleans City Councilvoted unanimously to rename one of the city's thoroughfares, Robert E. Lee Boulevard, to Allen Toussaint Boulevard in his honor.[67]

References

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  2. ^abcde"Allen Toussaint, Songwriter: Obituary". November 12, 2015.The Telegraph.Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  3. ^abcdeLichtenstein, Grace; Dankner, Laura (1993).Musical Gumbo: The Music of New Orleans.W. W. Norton. pp. 110–122.
  4. ^abcdSteve Huey, Steve."Biography".AllMusic.Retrieved November 11, 2015.
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  9. ^Whitburn, Joel (1996).Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles.Menomonee Falls, WIsconsin.: Record Research.ISBN0-89820-104-7.
  10. ^"Allen Orange".SoulfulKindaMusic.Retrieved 18 September 2016.
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  14. ^Hamilton, Andrew."The O'Jays, Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette): Song Review".AllMusic.All Media Network.RetrievedNovember 20,2015.
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  54. ^abMassarik, Jack (October 27, 2008)."The Saints Come Marching in at O2 jazz festival".Evening Standard.
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  56. ^"Saturday's Highlights".Los Angeles Times.January 9, 2010.RetrievedNovember 16,2015.
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  60. ^Lipshutz, Jason (August 18, 2010)."Eric Clapton Announces New Solo Album,Clapton".Billboard.RetrievedNovember 17,2015.
  61. ^Spera, Keith (May 1, 2012)."Letting life flow in: Songwriter Theresa Andersson's expanding roles with music and motherhood lead her to a better place".Times-Picayune.No. Saint Tammany Edition. pp. C1-2.RetrievedMay 2,2012.
  62. ^"Muere el músico Allen Toussaint en Madrid tras actuar en el Teatro Lara".El Mundo(in Spanish). November 10, 2015.
  63. ^"Nonesuch Releases" American Tunes, "Final Recording from Late New Orleans Legend Allen Toussaint, on June 10".Nonesuch Records website.April 13, 2016.
  64. ^Dominic Massa,"Influential songwriter, producer Allen Toussaint has died"ArchivedNovember 10, 2015, at theWayback Machine,WWL-TV, November 10, 2015.
  65. ^"National Medal of Arts | NEA".Arts.gov. February 27, 2014.RetrievedNovember 15,2015.
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Awards
First
None recognized before
 AMA Lifetime Achievement Award for Producer/Engineer
2006 		Succeeded by
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