Insociology,allophiliais having a positive attitude towardsoutgroupmembers. The outgroup members can be anyone who possesses characteristics that are different from one's own, such as people of differentraces,religions,cultures,etc. It is a framework for understanding effective intergroup leadership and is conceptualized as a measurable state of mind with tangible consequences.[1][2]
Terminology
editThe termallophiliawas coined byHarvardprofessorTodd Pittinskyin 2006, after he was unable to find an antonym for prejudice in any dictionary.[3][disputed–discuss]The term derived fromGreekwords meaning "liking or love of the other".[4]
Statistical factors
edit- affection,
- comfort,
- engagement,
- enthusiasm,
- kinship.
The allophilia scale measures each of these factors.[5][6]It has been adapted and validated to other languages such as Italian and Spanish, also to various settings, such as to measure positive attitude toward people with dementia, younger and older adults.[7][8][9][10][11]
Prejudice and positive intergroup relations
editThe typical remedy forprejudiceis to bring conflicting groups into a state of tolerance. However, tolerance is not the logical antithesis of prejudice, but rather is the midpoint between negative feelings and positive feelings toward others. Allophilia enhancement should serve as complement to prejudice reduction.[12][13][14]
Allophilia predicts positive relationships with outgroup members. For instance, a study in Spain shows that students having higher allophilia had lower social distance toward people with obesity.[15]Besides, positive experience with outgroup members may increase allophilia, as it is shown in a longitudinal study of a cook's tour in Vietnam. In that study, the participants, who were Americans, reported positive feelings toward Vietnamese mirroring Allophilia facets in nearly 10 years after the event.[16]
In one study,symhedonia(experiencing empathic joy) has been shown to be more closely associated with allophilia, while sympathy (experiencing empathic sorrow) has been shown to be more strongly associated with prejudice.[12]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Todd Pittinsky."Allophilia—a new framework for understanding effective intergroup leadership".Center for Public Leadership,Harvard Kennedy School.Archived fromthe originalon 20 June 2013.Retrieved18 June2013.
- ^"Positive prejudice: Really loving your neighbour".The Economist.15 March 2007.Retrieved18 June2013.
- ^Ashley Pettus (January 2006)."Otherly Love: The Law of Dissimilars".Harvard Magazine.Retrieved18 June2013.
- ^Pittinsky, Todd L. (2010). "A two-dimensional model of intergroup leadership: The case of national diversity".American Psychologist.65(3): 194–200.doi:10.1037/a0017329.PMID20350018.
- ^Sheema Khan (28 February 2013)."Allophilia: Beyond tolerance lies true respect".The Globe and Mail.Retrieved18 June2013.
- ^Pittinsky, T. L.; Rosenthal, S. A.; Montoya, R. M. (2011). "Measuring positive attitudes toward outgroups: Development and validation of the Allophilia Scale". In Tropp, L. R.; Mallett, R. K. (eds.).Moving beyond prejudice reduction: Pathways to positive intergroup relations.American Psychological Association. pp. 41–60.doi:10.1037/12319-002.ISBN978-1-4338-0928-6.
- ^Alfieri, Sara; Marta, Elena (2011)."Positive attitudes towards the outgroup: adaptation and validation of the allophilia scale"(PDF).TPM.18(2): 99–116.hdl:10807/13381.
- ^Alfieri, S.; Marta, E. (2011). "Positive attitudes toward the outgroup: adaptation and validation of the Allophilia scale".Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology.18:99–116.
- ^Magallares, Alejandro; Morales, Jose Francisco (31 March 2017)."Spanish adaptation of the Allophilia Scale".Anales de Psicología.33(2): 283–291.doi:10.6018/analesps.33.2.242021.
- ^Kinney, Jennifer M; Yamashita, Takashi; Brown, J Scott (17 February 2016). "Measuring positive attitudes toward persons with dementia: A validation of the Allophilia scale".Dementia.16(8): 1045–1060.doi:10.1177/1471301216633247.PMID26892304.S2CID25179675.
- ^Wagner, Lisa S.; Luger, Tana M. (20 December 2016). "Assessing positive attitudes toward older and younger adults".Educational Gerontology.43(3): 147–165.doi:10.1080/03601277.2016.1272890.S2CID152164924.
- ^abPittinsky, Todd L.; Montoya, R. Matthew (2009). "Sympathy e symhedonia nelle relazioni intergruppi. Dispiacere empatico e gioia empatica in rapporto a pregiudizio e allofilia" [Sympathy and symhedonia in intergroup relations: The relationship of empathic sorrow and empathic joy to prejudice and allophilia].Psicologia Sociale(in Italian).4(3): 347–364.doi:10.1482/30689.
- ^Pittinsky, Todd L. (June 2009). "Allophilia: Moving beyond Tolerance in the Classroom".Childhood Education.85(4): 212–215.doi:10.1080/00094056.2009.10523083.S2CID145106950.
- ^Pittinsky, Todd L. (January 2009). "Look Both Ways".Phi Delta Kappan.90(5): 363–364.doi:10.1177/003172170909000511.S2CID143888645.
- ^Magallares, Alejandro (2 May 2017)."Predictors of Social Distance Toward People with Obesity: The Role of Allophilia".International Review of Social Psychology.30(1): 102–110.doi:10.5334/irsp.110.
- ^Livert, David (September 2016). "A Cook's Tour Abroad: Long-Term Effects of Intergroup Contact on Positive Outgroup Attitudes".Journal of Social Issues.72(3): 524–547.doi:10.1111/josi.12180.
External links
edit- Speech by Minnesota Department of Human Rights Commissioner on Allophilia
- Those People:Article about Allophilia by theBoston Globe