TheAmiiformes/ˈæmi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/orderoffishhas only twoextantspecies,thebowfins:Amia calvaandAmia ocellicauda,the latter recognized as a separate species in 2022.[2]These Amiiformes are found in thefreshwatersystems ofNorth America,in the United States and parts of southern Canada. They live in freshwater streams, rivers, and swamps. The order first appeared in the Triassic, and the extinct members include both marine and freshwater species, many of which are morphologically disparate from bowfins, such as thecaturids.
| Amiiformes Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Extant bowfinAmia calva(Amiidae) | |
| |
| Caturus(Caturidae) Late Jurassic, Germany | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Infraclass: | Holostei |
| Clade: | Halecomorphi |
| Order: | Amiiformes O. P. Hay,1929[1] |
| Type species | |
| Amia calva Linnaeus,1766
| |
| Families | |
|
See text | |
Evolution and diversity
editTheextinctspecies of the Amiiformes can be found asfossilsinAsiaandEurope,but the bowfin is the last living species in the order. Amiiformes is therefore the last survivingorderofHalecomorphi,thecladeto which the bowfin and its fossil relatives belong. Other orders, such as theParasemionotiformes,are all extinct.
Halecomorphs, and itssister groupGinglymodi,belong toHolostei.Holosteans are the sister group ofteleosteans,the group to which nearly all (i.e., 96%) livingfishesbelong to. Holosteans and Teleosts form a clade calledNeopterygii.The followingcladogram[3]summarizes theevolutionary relationshipsof living and fossil Halecomorphs, and other neopterygians.
| Neopterygii |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Possible specimens of caturoids are known from the Late Triassic, with the earliest unambiguous members being known from the Early Jurassic.[4]Amiiformes had spread to North America and Africa by the end of the Middle Jurassic, reaching an apex of diversity during the Early Cretaceous, during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, the group declined until only a single genus,Amia,containing the bowfin remained.[5]
Taxonomy
edit- OrderAmiiformesHay, 1929[6][7][8]
- Genus †GuizhouamiaLiu, Yin & Wang, 2002
- Genus †OtomitlaFelix, 1891[9]
- Genus †ParaliodesmusDunkle, 1969[9]
- Superfamily †Caturoidea
- Genus †EurypomaHuxley, 1866[10]
- Genus †Gymnoichthys?Tintoriet al.,2010[9]
- Genus †LiodesmusWagner, 1859
- Genus †StrobilodusWagner, 1851[11]
- Family †CaturidaeOwen, 1860
- Genus †CatutoichthysGouiric-Cavalli, 2016[12]
- Genus †AmblysemiusAgassiz, 1844
- Genus †CaturusAgassiz, 1834
- Superfamily AmioideaBonaparte, 1838
- Genus †Amiidarum?Lange, 1968[Otolith]
- Genus †Ferganamia?Kaznyshkin, 1990
- Genus †Lehmanamia?Casier, 1966
- Genus †TomognathusDixon, 1850[13]
- Family †SinamiidaeBerg, 1940
- Genus †IkechaoamiaLiu, 1961[14]
- Genus †SiamamiaCavinet al.,2007
- Genus †SinamiaStensiö, 1935
- FamilyAmiidaeBonaparte, 1837
- SubfamilyAmiinaeBonaparte, 1837 (sensu Grande & Bemis, 1998)
- GenusAmiaLinnaeus, 1766
- Genus †CyclurusAgassiz, 1839
- Genus †PseudamiatusWhitley, 1954
- Subfamily †AmiopsinaeGrande & Bemis, 1998
- Genus †AmiopsisKner, 1863
- Subfamily †SolnhofenamiinaeGrande & Bemis, 1998
- Genus †SolnhofenamiaGrande & Bemis, 1998
- Subfamily †VidalamiinaeGrande & Bemis, 1998
- Tribe †CalamopleuriniGrande & Bemis, 1998
- Genus †CalamopleurusAgassiz, 1841
- Genus †MaliamiaPatterson & Longbottom, 1989
- Tribe †VidalamiiniGrande & Bemis, 1998
- Genus †MelviusBryant, 1987
- Genus †PachyamiaChalifa & Tchernov 1982
- Genus †VidalamiaWhite &Moy-Thomas,1941
- Genus †NipponamiaYabumoto, 1994
- Tribe †CalamopleuriniGrande & Bemis, 1998
- SubfamilyAmiinaeBonaparte, 1837 (sensu Grande & Bemis, 1998)
References
edit- ^"Amiiformes".Paleobiology Database.RetrievedNovember 15,2012.
- ^Wright; et al. (3 October 2022)."Phylogenomic analysis of the bowfin (Amia calva) reveals unrecognized species diversity in a living fossil lineage".Scientific Reports.12(1): 16514.Bibcode:2022NatSR..1216514W.doi:10.1038/s41598-022-20875-4.PMC9529906.PMID36192509.
- ^Sun, Zuoyu; Tintori, Andrea; Xu, Yaozhong; Lombardo, Cristina; Ni, Peigang; Jiang, Dayoung (April 2017). "A new non-parasemionotiform order of the Halecomorphi (Neopterygii, Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of Tethys".Journal of Systematic Palaeontology.15(3): 223–240.doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1181679.S2CID133176227.
- ^López-Arbarello, Adriana; Ebert, Martin (January 2023)."Taxonomic status of the caturid genera (Halecomorphi, Caturidae) and their Late Jurassic species".Royal Society Open Science.10(1).doi:10.1098/rsos.221318.ISSN2054-5703.PMC9832298.PMID36686548.
- ^Poyato-Ariza, Francisco José; Martín-Abad, Hugo (2020-07-19)."History of two lineages: Comparative analysis of the fossil record in Amiiformes and Pycnodontiformes (Osteischtyes, Actinopterygii)".Spanish Journal of Palaeontology.28(1): 79.doi:10.7203/sjp.28.1.17833.hdl:10486/710030.ISSN2255-0550.
- ^Haaramo, Mikko (2007)."Amiiformes – bowfin and relatives".Mikko's Phylogeny Archive.Retrieved30 December2016.
- ^Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016).Fishes of the World(5th ed.).John Wiley & Sons.ISBN9781118342336.
- ^van der Laan, Richard (2016)."Family-group names of fossil fishes".
{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^abcTan, K.; Jin, F. (2013)."Re-study onGymnoichthys inopinatusfrom Middle Triassic of Luoping, Yunnan, China ".Vertebrata PalAsiatica.51(1): 1–16.
- ^Arratia, G.; Schultze, H.-P. (2007)."Eurycormus–Eurypoma,two Jurassic actinopterygian genera with mixed identity ".Fossil Record.10(1): 17–37.doi:10.1002/mmng.200600016.
- ^López-Arbarello, A.; Ebert, M. (2023)."Taxonomic status of the caturid genera (Halecomorphi, Caturidae) and their Late Jurassic species".Royal Society Open Science.10(1): 221318.Bibcode:2023RSOS...1021318L.doi:10.1098/rsos.221318.PMC9832298.PMID36686548.S2CID255570499.
- ^Gouiric-Cavalli, S. (2016)."A new Late Jurassic halecomorph fish from the marine Vaca Muerta Formation, Argentina, southwestern Gondwana".Fossil Record.19(2): 119–129.doi:10.5194/fr-19-119-2016.hdl:11336/54624.
- ^Forey, P. L.; Patterson, C. (2006). "Description and systematic relationships of †Tomognathus,an enigmatic fish from the English Chalk ".Journal of Systematic Palaeontology.4(2): 157–184.doi:10.1017/S1477201905001719.S2CID86028273.
- ^Cavin, L.; Suteethorn, V.; Buffetaut, E.; Claude, J.; Cuny, G.; Le Loeuff, J.; Tong, H. (2007). "The first sinamiid fish (Holostei: Halecomorpha) from Southeast Asia (Early Cretaceous of Thailand)".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.27(4): 827–837.doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[827:TFSFHH]2.0.CO;2.S2CID85325978.
External links
edit
Data related toAmiidaeat Wikispecies