Wikipedia

Art of the Umbrella Movement

Art of the Umbrella movementrefers to artistic works created as part of theUmbrella Movementin Hong Kong which demandeddemocracyin the election of the territory's top leader. Most of the physical works of art are located within the three main protest sites ofAdmiralty,Causeway BayandMong Kok.

Art of the Umbrella Movement
a commonly seen logo
Date26 September 2014(26 September 2014)– ongoing
LocationHong Kong; primarilyAdmiralty,Causeway Bay,Mong Kok;Internet
Organised bycivil disobedience movement
FootageThe Works
Websitefacebook.com/umbrellamovementartpreservation?fref=ts

Art is often held to be an integral part of activism. For the students involved in the "Umbrella Revolution",their art is a primary vehicle of expression and a method of documenting what occurs.[1]Use of the umbrella – an everyday item that protects users against the rain and the sun – by the protesters to deflect pepper spray and tear gas of the police,[2]has given the object iconic status at a political level, symbolising resistance and the underlying social grievances.[1][3][4]The occupied streets of Hong Kong have been transformed into an extended canvas of artistic creativity.[5]

Iconography

edit

As an everyday item that protects users against the rain and the sun, the umbrella has, in the past, symbolised political weakness. In the context of the Hong Kong protests, it has been used to shield against the pepper spray and tear gas of the police, thus has become a political symbol of resistance.[1][3][4][6][7]Physical umbrellas in all their guises have been used as subjects or as objects.[8]The eight-lane expanse of road freed by the occupation has been transformed into an extended canvas for artistic expression.[9][10][11]One artist explained that due to the lack of physical public space in Hong Kong, people's imagination is suppressed. She added that: "When the rules that bind your action are suddenly lifted, you are given the freedom to redefine everything." Artwork featuring the form of umbrellas are in abundance.[12]Examples of works include umbrellas drawn on or decorated with calligraphy, balloon twisting into umbrellas, and mobiles of origami umbrellas.[8][9][13]Colette Gaiter, an Associate Professor of Art at theUniversity of Delaware,praised the quality of the artwork as possessing "an elevated aesthetic sensibility even in the ubiquitous handwritten signs and Post-it notes".[4]

  • Calligraphy on umbrellas
  • Chalk drawing on Harcourt Road (Umb Sq)
  • Umbrella language

Kacey Wong,Assistant professor of Design at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University held a contest for the best logo, and received entries from all over the world.[4][14][15][16][17][18][19]The competition aims to elevate awareness and generate more concern for the demand for "real universal suffrage" for Hong Kong. Wong said that use of social media such asFacebookallows for the creation of a "safe platform" for universal participation, which in turn generates awareness.[16]Among the entries is one created by international street artistInvader.[citation needed]

Theyellow ribbon,which has been used to represent women's suffrage, was adopted early by the movement.[7]Activists adorned street railings and barricades with these, pinned them on shirts, and used them on Facebook profiles.[7][18]Use of the symbolic yellow crossed over into the umbrellas.[10][20]

Opening up yellow umbrellas indoors, as well as outdoors, has also become a way of sending in pro-democracy message in silence.Paul Zimmerman,adistrict councilorand member of theCivic Party,was an early proponent. Two days into the movement, Zimmerman opened a yellow umbrella at an indoor reception after aNational Dayceremony which was attended by representatives of the PRC government.[21][22]The graduation ceremonies of most universities in Hong Kong since October 2014 have seen attendees opening yellow umbrellas inside the hall, or graduates climbing the stage holding open umbrellas.[20][23][24][25][26][27]Dozens of supporters arrived at Hong Kong International Airport with yellow umbrellas to send off the HKFS delegation that was set to fly to Beijing on 15 November.[28]

Installations

edit

A number of installations and sculptures were created at occupation sites, of which one of the largest is a patchwork hanging in the middle ofUmbrella Squaremade of fabric taken from more than a hundred broken umbrellas which were sewn together.[8][9][29]The concept was developed by Baptist University art students, to bolster the movement in the early days. A group of about ten other students stripped the fabric from umbrellas that were broken and had been stained by tear gas in the police bombardment of 28 September, and wove them together and deployed it above what is now referred to as "Umbrella Square". Tse, the project leader, hoped that the umbrellas broken by the police, fashioned into canopy, symbolises an extended physical protection for citizens that also serves as a reminder of the presence of other citizens who are behind to support, in other ways.[30]At Admiralty, large yellow umbrellas have been installed at many lamp posts;Happy Gadflyconcept by mainland artist Miso Zo inspired byThe Gadfly,byEthel Lilian Voynich.Made from discarded umbrellas, plastic bottles and other discarded materials, the project's originator says the installation symbolises how "They can destroy the movement, but like the fly it will come back."[31]Other sizeable installations include a pepper spray installation at Causeway Bay, a shrine toKwan Yuat Mong Kok.

  • Origami mobile and escalator eyes (Umbrella Square)
  • Umbrella army (Umbrella Square)
  • Patchwork canopy from umbrella fabric (Umbrella Square)
  • Installation on the Tim Mei Avenue roundabout (Umbrella Square)
  • Birdcage (Causeway Bay)
  • Five umbrellas (Umbrella Square)
  • I ♥ HK(Umbrella Square)
  • Part ofThe Happy Gadfly(Umbrella Square)
  • Pepper spray (Causeway Bay)
  • Shrine to Guan Yu (Mong Kok)

Songs

edit

"Do You Hear the People Sing?"from a musical,Les Miserables,is popular with locals;[32]it is sung with adapted Cantonese lyrics with a pro-democracy message.[15][33][34]The Chinese lyrics were written anonymously for theOccupy Central movementby a well-known lyricist.[35][36]In a video recording posted to YouTube in May 2014, the song named "Who Hasn't Spoke Up Yet?" (Vấn thùy vị phát thanh) was performed by a young girl. The video amassed 30 thousand hits in three days.[36]Three different versions were posted to the OCLP Facebook page prior to the unofficial referendum on 22 June. By 29 September, after the tear gas attack by the HK police, the video had been viewed at least 900,000 times.[35]At the HKIED graduation ceremony, one trumpeter played an impromptu solo of the song in support of the movement.[37]

"Imagine"byJohn Lennonwas adopted by suffragists following certain journals' criticism of them being "naïve dreamers". They began to quote in response the line "you may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one" from the lyrics onto banners and posters.[34]

"Raise the Umbrella" (Xanh khởi vũ tán)[38][39][40]is specially created as encouragement to the movement by local musicians. The tune and original lyrics were written by a 25-year-old part-time musician Pan Lo (La hiểu bân) after he witnessed first hand the release of tear gas by the police. He then presented the composition toDenise Ho,who wanted to take it further and suggested rewriting the lyrics to more closely fit with the mood and times. Ho then enlisted the support of other artistes,Anthony Wong,Kay TseandDeanie Ipto record the song with her afterLin Xihad reworked the lyrics.[41][42]

In a maiden political offering, David Cheang wrote deriding people who ignorantly or blindly opposed the Umbrella movement.[43][44]The composition proved to be extremely popular on the internet, and was shared over 5,000 times.[45]His song, "If I Call You a Stupid Dick, I’m Afraid You’d Be Mad" ( thoại nhĩ tráng cưu phạ nhĩ điểu ) employsCantonese profanityin abundance, including in the title. The song lyrics start off from the perspective of a person who is fed up with the futility and inconvenience of the occupation, and then moves on to the viewpoint of another, who criticises his "friend" for polluting the earth with his bullshit.[43]The opening lyrics managed to fool Hong Kong directorLee Lik-chi(who did not support the movement) into endorsing the song initially on his Facebook page, until the torrent of mocking posts made him delete the post.[44]

Another song that had been used for protests was "Boundless Oceans, Vast Skies"(also translated as" Under a Vast Sky ") by Hong Kong band,Beyond.[1][34][46][47]

Caricatures

edit

The city's leader,CY Leung,elected in a small-circle election with 689 votes, is a favourite subject of caricature.[10]He has been represented as a wolf (or asLufsig,the Ikea soft toy), as Adolf Hitler, and as Mao Zedong.[8][48]Alternatively, he is represented pejoratively by the numbers "689".[32]

  • Caricature of CY Leung on a wooden step
  • Mr and Ms HK People, by Maxwell Ip

"Mr and Ms. Hong Kong People"

edit

"Mr and Little Miss Hong Kong People" is a series of caricatures that draws inspiration from Roger Hargreaves'Mr. Menseries. A local graphic artist namedMaxwell Ipdrew a set of cartoon figures to explain the important figures behind the Umbrella movement. Originally created "just for fun", he created more once the popularity exploded, with the aim of providing suitable and politically neutral materials for parents to educate their children about the protests, and important figures involved.[24][49]The concept accumulated over 64,000 "likes" in just over two weeks.[24]Eight hours after the creation of "Mr 689" – the nickname of Hong Kong chief executive CY Leung, Ip's personal Facebook page of the character had more than 3,000 shares.[24]The popularity led Ip to immediately create a public Facebook page for the characters, which are added as events unfold. In addition to the cute wolf that caricatures "Mr 689", other popular characters include "Mr Tear" (after the tear gas episode of 28 September), "Mr Chow & Mr Shum" (after the HKFS leadersAlex ChowandLester Shum), "Mr 4 pm" (after Steve Hui of the PR section of the HK Police – who appeared on television at 4 pm daily), "Little Miss Lam Cheng" (after the Chief secretaryCarrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor)[24]"Mr Hungry" (after Mok Siu Man, who started a hunger strike on 2 October that lasted 40 days) and "Little Miss Ip Cancer" (after former secretary for securityRegina Ip).[49]Some of the characters' names are English crossovers from Cantonese or hybrids – for example, the character ofJoshua Wongis named "Mr. G Phone", after his Chinese name.[49]

Parodies of Xi Jinping and police banners

edit

Since an image ofGeneral Secretary of the Chinese Communist PartyXi Jinpingholding an umbrella won a top photojournalism award in China on 22 October, Xi has been parodied with a cut-out version where the umbrella has been made yellow.[8][50]The edited image has appeared on stickers, posters, banners and life-size and oversize banners.[51][52][53][54]Apple Dailyreports that there are at least 13 cardboard cut-outs of general secretary Xi Jinping in Mong Kok, three in Causeway Bay, and one huge vertical banner depicting the image hanging from the pedestrian bridge in Admiralty. These cut-outs, many overwritten with pro-democracy or anti-communist slogans, are popular props for mainland visitors with which to take photographs.[55]

  • To the left, Xi Jinping banner amidst others on the Harcourt Road pedestrian bridge
  • Parody of police banner: "Stop Charging or We Unfurl Umbrellas"

Umbrella Manstatue

edit

Umbrella Manis a 10-foot (3 m) high wooden statue created by a 22-year-old artist using the name "Milk" during the protests.[56]The inspiration for the woodblock statue, symbolising freedom and peace, was a photograph of a suffragist holding an umbrella over a police officer to shield him from the rain.[5][48][56]The statue is constructed of plywood of ordinary wood tint on a metal frame.[56]Those blocks making up the face are white, symbolising pepper spray used by the police on the suffragists; the umbrella is yellow.[48]It was constructed by the artist aided by a group of ten people.[12]

It rapidly become an icon for the occupation movement upon its appearance on the demonstration site on 5 October 2014, and photographs of it have appeared on the front page of many newspapers and on websites around the world.[5][57]The media have compared it to theGoddess of Democracystatue erected during the1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.[5][12][56][57][58]Since the large statue appeared, other versions emerged – a miniature woodblock version, as well as other materials, were created by others.

  • Umbrella Man in Umbrella Square
  • Wire statues

Message boards

edit

Numerous walls or vertical spaces within the Umbrella Square were adorned with posters and messages of encouragement during the protests.[59]Barricades and buses that were abandoned on the streets inMong Kokafter crowds started gathering became makeshift message boards.[60]

  • Lennon Wall with a projected message from "Add Oil Machine"
  • Close-up of post-its on the Lennon Wall
  • Road barricade serving as message board
  • Message board with printed cards
  • Girl inspects messages on a pillar
  • Bus No. 689 to Hell, a bulletin board

The Lennon Wall

edit
See also:Lennon Wall (Hong Kong)

TheLennon Wall,a namesake ofthe one in Prague,is a stretch of curved staircase in the Central Government Complex that has been covered in multi-coloured handwrittenpost-itnotes from supporters.[10][11][58]The messages, written mainly in Chinese and English but also other languages, include calls for genuine democracy, forCY Leungto step down as Chief executive, words of encouragement, and praise for the peacefulness of the protests.[61]

"Stand By You: 'Add Oil' Machine"

edit

An art collective called "Stand By You: 'Add Oil' Machine" launched a project that aimed to display messages of support to protesters. The name refers to "add oil",a term of encouragement in Chinese. The project included a website where people from all over the world could send messages, which in turn were projected onto the side of a building.[14]More than 30,000 messages have been received by the project from 70 countries.[62]The "Stand by You" project received messages of support from, among others,Pussy RiotandPeter Gabriel,all of whom were photographed with open umbrellas. Peter Gabriel said: "Water gets everywhere – like the will of the people".[62][63]

The project received the first prize of the 2015 Freedom Flowers Foundation Awards.[64][65]

Lion Rock

edit

Marking the expansion phase of the protest movement, a group of suffragists scaled theLion Rock,an iconic natural landmark overlooking Kowloon that carries the meaning asHong Kong's special identity[66][67][68][69]The group of 14 mountaineers calling themselves "Hong Kong Spidie" (Hương cảng tri chu tử) pinned a vertical 28 by 6 metres (92 by 20 ft) banner to the rock face that was visible throughout much of Kowloon.[67][70][71][72][73]The operation was documented in a video that was put on YouTube.[69][74]The banner, which read "I want real universal suffrage" (in Chinese), was removed the following day by fire services aided by a helicopter in an action that took approximately1+1⁄2hours.[72]Within days, similar banners were seen on top ofTai Mo ShanandFei Ngo Shan,placed by persons unknown – HK Spidie denied responsibility.[75]The banner at Fei Ngo Shan measured 5 by 20 metres (16 by 66 ft).[76]A 9-metre (30 ft) horizontal banner was put up under cover of darkness near the radar station for the observatory at Tai Mo Shan, Hong Kong's highest peak. Upon receiving a report from a citizen at 9 am, fire services had removed the banner by noon. A government spokesman said that its removal was driven strictly by safety considerations.[77]

Inspired by the giant yellow banner on the face of Lion Rock, other artists have created models and parodies of the image.[68][78][79]A professor at the Polytechnic University's Department of Applied Mathematics set an examination question on how to calculate the position and angle for an optimum photograph of the Lion Rock banner.[80]The movement also issued a challenge to put up ten banners for each one removed (Sách nhất quải thập). Large banners have been photographed in many city roadways such as overhead pedestrian crossings in Tai Po and Kwun Tong.[81][82]Students at a number of schools hoisted such banners on school premises – one appeared at the eliteDiocesan Boys' Schoolon the occasion of its annual school fete.[83]Police have issued public reminders that unauthorised erection of street banners may be subject to fines.[81]

  • A 28-metre yellow banner which read "I want real universal suffrage" was hung on theLion Rock.
  • A 20-metre yellow banner hanging from Kowloon Peak
  • Lion Rock meme drawn on tent in Admiralty

Vernacular

edit

The existence of homophones in Chinese language allows great potential for wordplay that replacing characters with similar tones, or pitch patterns can effect significant changes in meaning.[84][85]Although Chinese is full of idioms, popular sayings, customs, jokes that rely on wordplay, the Beijing leadership has imposed a ban on wordplay in broadcasting as such use ostensibly breaches the law on spoken and written Chinese. Critics believe the ban is aimed at making it illegal to criticise the leadership and/or its policies in veiled manner, whilst avoiding censorship.[85]

Academics have noted that the protests have resulted in the unprecedented creation of new Cantonese terms that contain political puns and special idioms. There has also been a resurgence in Cantonese usage, countering the trend imposed by Beijing to expand use ofStandard Chinese(aka Mandarin or Putonghua) in the place of "dialects", which is defined to includeCantonese.[84]

  • Don't trust "left plastics"
  • "Harcourt Road 4689" First Aid Station
  • "Umbrella Mansion"
  • "Villa Hamitage"
  • Chinese characters read "really bitter headquarters"

The new lexicon of protest incorporates the term "left plastic" ( tả giao ), a derogative term used by students to refer to "leftists/moderates".[86]There is also "gau wu"( cưu ô ), a vulgar homophone of a term in Mandarin which means" to shop "( cấu vật ) – the character substitution transforms the original meaning into" to occupy the streets in protest ".

The encampments are referred to as "villages", road signs have been changed pointing to social change; occupiers' flimsy tents have often been given grandiose addresses such as "Umbrella Court" or "Democracy Gardens", parodying names given to luxury property developments in an increasingly unaffordable city.[84]

A glossary of the terms affiliated with the Umbrella Movement protests was created online, at umbrellaterms.hk.[84]

The "Umbrella Man" photo

edit
  • The photo of Umbrella Man
  • Hong Kong Police Force decided to employ tear gas on peacefully protesting suffragists
  • Protesters shielding themselves from tear gas and water cannons with umbrellas

The photo of Umbrella Man, taken 28 September 2014, depicts an unnamed male protester holding an umbrella in each hand while walking throughtear gasfired by riot police.[87]Business Insiderhas described the photo as iconic.[88]It has been re-tweeted thousands of times along with multiple similar photographs tweeted during the protest,[89]which show individuals using umbrellas to protect themselves from tear gas and water. The picture's popularity and that of other pictures caused the media to dub the protests, which were also called theOccupy Central movement,the "Umbrella Revolution".[90]

Preservation

edit

Two groups are involved in efforts to preserve the artwork. The Umbrella Movement Visual Archive and Research Collective, founded by Wen Yau and Sampson Wong, aims to document "how people form a community here, and how they transform the space". The collective has 10 teams of volunteers to photograph and interview those who have participated in the protests, and digitally preserve protest objects, indicate their location, and include creators' thoughts and inspirations for the works. It will create a website with interactive map and images of all the pieces.[8][59]The group is co-operating with Umbrella Movement Art Preservation, led by Meaghan McGurgan and Kacey Wong, which has made an inventory of works and their location, and will grab certain pieces before the police clear the site.[8][10][59]The preservation groups feel it important not to denude the works of their context unless it is unavoidable.[8][59]Although many of the artists have given approval for their eventual removal, not all are agreed.[8][59]Some artists, such as the creator ofThe Happy Gadfly,however, would like to see documented how his work is destroyed in the clearance.[31][91]As to their storage, the groups have been rebuffed or ignored by the city's museums, most of which are government funded, due to the political nature of the work. Some galleries have volunteered to take and store them until a permanent home for them can be found.[8][59]

Every night over two months of occupation, volunteers made a note of objects worthy of preservation. Following weeks of discussions, a shortlist of items for salvage and preservation were selected, based on historical and aesthetic criteria.[92]The day prior to the announced clearance of the Admiralty occupation site, 30 volunteers from the art preservation unit started salvage operations. Over 150 works and artefacts were collected from the three sites (about 100 from Admiralty, 30 from Mong Kok and 20 from Causeway Bay).[93]Pieces include a desk, bench, and the sign for the study area, banners, and over 20,000 messages from the Lennon Wall, which had been covered four layers deep and eventually filled 10 large bags. The project will individually scan all the messages.[93]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^abcdSchumacher, Mary Louise (6 November 2014)."The enchanting art of Hong Kong's Umbrella Revolution".Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.Retrieved7 November2014.
  2. ^Disizart."Hong Kong Police Man Stance | Wall Art Decor | Taken during the Umbrella Movement Protests in Hong Kong".Disizart.com.Archived fromthe originalon 1 December 2017.Retrieved25 November2017.
  3. ^ab"Hong Kong's Wild Protest Art".Foreign Policy.
  4. ^abcd"Photos: The colorful world of Hong Kong's protest art".The Washington Post.Retrieved8 October2014.
  5. ^abcdIvan Watson, Pamela Boykoff and Vivian Kam (8 October 2014)."Street becomes canvas for 'silent protest' in Hong Kong".CNN.
  6. ^"Hong Kong Protests Mark Twist in History of Umbrella Symbolism".The Wall Street Journal.October 2014.
  7. ^abcTim Hume and Madison Park (30 September 2014)."The symbols of Hong Kong's 'Umbrella Revolution'".CNN.
  8. ^abcdefghijSataline, Suzanne (16 November 2014)."Will Hong Kong’s protest art be saved?"Boston Globe
  9. ^abc"In pictures: Hong Kong protest art".BBC News.
  10. ^abcdeLau, Joyce (14 November 2014)."Art Spawned by Protest; Now to Make It Live On".The New York Times.
  11. ^abHeather Timmons (10 October 2014)."Someone should preserve Hong Kong's protest art before it's too late".Quartz.
  12. ^abcChow, Vivienne; Siu, Phila (6 October 2014)."Creative awakening sparked by Occupy Central as sit-ins reclaim streets".South China Morning Post.
  13. ^"Chiêm trung xảo thủ nữu xuất hoàng vũ tán nghiêm tuyển “Ngoại quốc thế lực” khí cầu ".Apple Daily(in Chinese).
  14. ^ab"Hong Kong Protests Inspire Creations From City's Artistic Community".The Wall Street Journal.
  15. ^abMary Louise Schumacher."The enchanting art of Hong Kong's Umbrella Revolution".Retrieved8 November2014.
  16. ^abZoe Li (3 October 2014)."Best designs for the Hong Kong Umbrella Revolution".artnet News.
  17. ^"Branding a Revolution".HuffPost.21 October 2014.
  18. ^ab"How the humble umbrella became a HK protest symbol".BBC News.
  19. ^Chow, Vivienne (29 September 2014)."Umbrella Revolution: more designs on Hong Kong’s protest movement".South China Morning Post
  20. ^ab"Umbrellas Come Out at Hong Kong Graduation Ceremonies".The New York Times.19 November 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 7 January 2015.Retrieved22 November2014.
  21. ^"Paul Zimmerman: 'Why I took umbrella to China National Day in HK'".BBC News.Retrieved6 October2014.
  22. ^"Hong Kong lawmaker Paul Zimmerman talks to the media while holding a yellow umbrella, a symbol of the Hong Kong pro-democracy movement, at the reception to mark China's National Day in Hong Kong on October 1, 2014".Yahoo News.1 October 2014.Retrieved6 October2014.
  23. ^"Activists bring spot of color to graduation"Archived7 January 2015 at theWayback Machine.The Standard.7 November 2014
  24. ^abcdeChan, Gloria (4 November 2014)."Mr Men adaptations inform children about the Occupy protests".South China Morning Post.
  25. ^"Thành đại tất nghiệp lễ tục cử hoàng tán nhiệt".Sina Corp. Archived fromthe originalon 7 January 2015.Retrieved22 November2014.
  26. ^"Trung đại tất nghiệp lễ xanh tán thẩm tổ nghiêu: Cảng kinh lịch khốn hoặc thời khắc".TOPick thoại đề.
  27. ^"Sung mellow with yellow as graduates earn his respect"Archived7 January 2015 at theWayback Machine.The Standard.21 November 2014
  28. ^"Hong Kong protest leaders denied Beijing flight".BBC News.
  29. ^Schumacher, Mary Louise (6 November 2014)."Q&A with Charlotte Frost about the Umbrella Revolution".Journal Sentinel(Milwaukee).
  30. ^See AJ+ video
  31. ^abBuckley, Chris; Wong, Alan (8 December 2014)."A Day Among the Protesters’ Tents in Hong Kong".Sinosphere,The New York Times.
  32. ^ab"Why are Hong Kong's protesters rallying around the number 689?".The Guardian.October 2014.
  33. ^"How a song from Les Misérables became Hong Kong's protest anthem".The Daily Telegraph.30 September 2014.
  34. ^abcVittachi, Nury (14 October 2014)."Hong Kong's Pop Culture of Protest".The New York Times.Retrieved7 November2014.
  35. ^ab"Bị đài loan ảnh hưởng? Tiểu nữ hài chủ xướng hương cảng chiêm lĩnh trung hoàn chủ đề khúc 《 thùy hoàn vị giác tỉnh 》".Business Weekly(in Chinese). Taiwan.
  36. ^ab"Nữ đồng xướng 《 vấn thùy vị phát thanh 》 chi trì chiêm trung"(in Chinese). Sina Corp. Archived fromthe originalon 13 August 2014.Retrieved21 November2014.
  37. ^"Giáo viện tất nghiệp lễ học sinh xanh tán tấu 《Do You Hear The People Sing?》"[College graduates of the Umbrella Movement sing 'Do You Hear the People Sing'].Apple Daily(in Chinese).
  38. ^Qin, Amy; Wong, Alan (24 October 2014)."Stars Backing Hong Kong Protests Pay Price on Mainland".The New York Times
  39. ^"Lâm tịch tác tân ca 《 xanh khởi vũ tán 》 cổ lệ niên khinh nhân ( phụ ca từ )"[Lin Xi's new song, 'Raise the Umbrella', encourages youngsters (lyrics provided)].Hong Kong Economic Journal(in Chinese). Archived fromthe originalon 18 October 2014.Retrieved14 November2014.
  40. ^"Chow Yun-Fat Beats Jackie Chan".The Wall Street Journal.29 October 2014.
  41. ^"《 xanh khởi vũ tán 》 tác khúc nhân Pan cổ lệ học sinh kiên trì"['Raise the Umbrella' songwriter, Pan, encourages students].Apple Daily(in Chinese).
  42. ^Chan, Gloria (29 December 2014)"Raise the Umbrella: Occupy anthem may become Hong Kong's song of the year".South China Morning Post
  43. ^ab "The Umbrella Movement Playlist",Foreign Policy(9 October 2014)
  44. ^ab"Phản chiêm trung lý lực trì trung phục đại tán 《 thoại nhĩ tráng X phạ nhĩ điểu 》 ca khúc"Archived2 April 2015 at theWayback Machine.852 Post. 28 October 2014
  45. ^"Khuynh thính tự kỷ đích thống khổ ── bình chiêm lĩnh vận động thô khẩu ca ( nội văn hữu thô khẩu, bất hỉ vật nhập )".Inmedia. 6 October 2014.
  46. ^Wang, Joyu (1 October 2014)."The Story Behind the Hong Kong Protests' Unofficial Anthem".The Wall Street Journal.Retrieved7 November2014.
  47. ^Hong, Brendon (23 October 2014)."Chinese Tourists Are Taking Hong Kong Protest Selfies".The Daily Beast.Retrieved7 November2014.
  48. ^abc"The public artwork of the Hong Kong protests".The Daily Telegraph.7 October 2014.Retrieved8 October2014.
  49. ^abc"Learn Who's Who in Hong Kong's Umbrella Revolution With 'Mr and Little Miss Hong Kong People'".Global Voices.22 October 2014.
  50. ^"Why a photo of Xi Jinping holding an umbrella won China's top photojournalism prize".The Washington Post.
  51. ^"#BBCtrending: Chinese President's Umbrella becomes Hong Kong protest symbol".BBC News.
  52. ^"Photo of President Xi Jinping Holding Umbrella Wins China's Top Photojournalism Prize".HuffPost.23 October 2014.
  53. ^"How Chinese President Xi Jinping and His Yellow Umbrella Became a Hong Kong Pro-Democracy Protest Meme".Global Voices.24 October 2014.
  54. ^"Hong Kong activists mark one month of 'Umbrella Movement'".NST Online.
  55. ^"Nội địa du khách ái ác cảo tập tổng".Apple Daily(in Chinese).
  56. ^abcd"Interview With Hong Kong's 'Umbrella Man' Statue Artist".Malaysia: Yahoo News.Retrieved8 October2014.
  57. ^abBradsher, Keith (5 October 2014)."New Image of the Hong Kong Protests: 'Umbrella Man'".The New York Times
  58. ^ab"The powerful art behind Hong Kong's protests".Channel 4. Archived fromthe originalon 12 October 2014.Retrieved8 October2014.
  59. ^abcdef"Saving the Umbrella Movement's art".Agence France-Presse. 27 October 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 14 December 2014.Retrieved21 November2014.
  60. ^Disizart."Reporting Live From The Jungle | Wall Art Decor Prints | Taken during the Umbrella Movement Protests in Hong Kong".Disizart.com.Archived fromthe originalon 1 December 2017.Retrieved25 November2017.
  61. ^"Hong Kong protests: Pleas from the protest wall".BBC News.
  62. ^ab"Peter Gabriel, Pussy Riot Show Support for Occupy Hong Kong".Rolling Stone.29 November 2014.
  63. ^Agence France Presse,"Peter Gabriel, Pussy Riot rally for Hong Kong protesters".Channel NewsAsia. 30 November 2014
  64. ^"Chiêm trung đả khí cơ hoạch thụy sĩ nhân quyền nghệ thuật thủ tưởng".Stand News.
  65. ^""Vũ tán vận động" sang ý thụ quốc tế khẳng định "Chiêm trung đả khí cơ" thụy sĩ trích hạ quế quan ".Radio Free Asia.
  66. ^"【 võng thượng luận đàn 】 toàn thành sang ý biến địa khai hoa ( trung đại văn hóa quản lý thạc sĩ khóa trình chủ nhậm hà khánh cơ )".Apple Daily(in Chinese). 13 December 2014.
  67. ^abHilary Wong and Kevin Cheng (24 October 2014)."Spiders get Lion's share of exposure".The Standard.Archived fromthe originalon 24 October 2014.Retrieved23 October2014.
  68. ^ab"Pro-Democracy Banner Occupies Hong Kong's Iconic Lion Rock, Spawns Memes".The Wall Street Journal.23 October 2014.
  69. ^ab"Giant pro-democracy banner hung on Lion Rock".RTHK. 23 October 2014.
  70. ^"Universal suffrage banner removed by Hong Kong gov".Want China Times.Archived fromthe originalon 28 October 2014.Retrieved15 November2014.
  71. ^"Hong Kong protesters reach new heights with democracy banner on Lion Rock".Deutsche Welle.Retrieved25 October2014.
  72. ^ab"Giant pro-democracy banner removed from Hong Kong's famous Lion Rock",South China Morning Post,24 October 2014.
  73. ^"Tung Chee-hwa backs 'genuinely democratic' Beijing model for HK vote".Channel NewsAsia.
  74. ^"“Hương cảng tri chu tử”: Sư tử sơn thượng đích hải khoát thiên không Up on the Lion Rock: Behind the Scene!! ".YouTube video
  75. ^"Hương cảng tri chu tử xưng phi nga sơn quải “Ngã yếu chân phổ tuyển” điều phúc phi tha môn sở vi "(in Chinese). Yahoo!. 31 October 2014.
  76. ^"Phi nga sơn hòa đại mạo sơn quải hữu tranh thủ chân phổ tuyển cự hình tiêu ngữ"(in Chinese). Tân thành tri tấn đài tư tấn võng. Archived fromthe originalon 15 December 2014.Retrieved15 November2014.
  77. ^"Đại mạo sơn tái hiện hoành ngạch bị sách trừ".Sing Pao(in Chinese). Archived fromthe originalon 15 December 2014.Retrieved15 November2014.
  78. ^"If Occupy can't come to the mountain: replica of Lion Rock unveiled",South China Morning Post,2 November 2014.
  79. ^Clifford Lo, Peter So and Emily Tsang,"Pro-democracy banner hung from Lion Rock has officials scrambling",South China Morning Post,23 October 2014.
  80. ^"PolyU professor brings up Lion Rock topic in exam paper".EJ Insight.
  81. ^ab"“Ngã yếu chân phổ tuyển” hoành ngạch công nhập các khu ".Archived fromthe originalon 2 December 2014.Retrieved17 November2014.
  82. ^"Quan đường đạo thiên kiều hiện “Ngã yếu chân phổ tuyển” hoành ngạch ".Hong Kong Economic Journal(in Chinese). Archived fromthe originalon 4 December 2014.Retrieved17 November2014.
  83. ^"【 vũ tán cách mệnh 】 nam bạt hiện “Ngã yếu chân phổ tuyển” tiêu ngữ ".Apple Daily(in Chinese).
  84. ^abcd"Fun with puns: 'Umbrella Terms' a new weapon in Hong Kong democracy battle".GMA News Online.
  85. ^abTania Branigan."China bans wordplay in attempt at pun control".The Guardian.
  86. ^Lily Kuo."Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement is starting to splinter".Quartz.
  87. ^"Key social moments of Hong Kong protests".USA Today.Retrieved1 October2014.
  88. ^WEISENTHAL, JOE."This Is The Iconic Hong Kong Photo The World Will Never Forget".Business Insider.Retrieved1 October2014.
  89. ^(in French)« Hong Kong: les parapluies de la liberté réprimés »Archived6 October 2014 at theWayback Machine,Sébastien Chatelier, Ijsberg Magazine, 1er octobre 2014
  90. ^"How umbrellas have become the symbol of Hong Kong's pro-democracy protests".Herald Sun.Retrieved1 October2014.
  91. ^"Activists record and preserve Hong Kong's protest artworks".GMA News Online.
  92. ^"Hong Kong protesters seek to archive their art, words for posterity".Los Angeles Times.14 December 2014.
  93. ^ab"150 chiêm lĩnh văn vật tồn khố phán bảo lịch sử – 20141214".Ming Pao.

External media

edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related toArtwork in 2014 Hong Kong protests.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_of_the_Umbrella_Movement&oldid=1214424124"