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The following events occurred inAugust 1962:
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- Anassassination attemptagainstGhana's PresidentKwame Nkrumah,failed when Nkrumah finished a speech early before a time bomb went off. Nkrumah had stopped in the village ofKulunguguon his way back from a state visit toUpper Volta.[2]
- In Major League Baseball, pitcherBill Monbouquette,playing for theBoston Red Sox,pitched ano-hitteragainst theChicago White Sox,one of five that year after only one had been pitched in 1961.[3]Besides Monbouquette, no-hitters were also pitched in May (byBo Belinskyof the Angels), two in the final week of June (on June 26 by Monbouquette's Red Sox teammateEarl Wilsonand on June 30 by the Dodgers'Sandy Koufax), and a final one on August 26 by Minnesota'sJack Kralick.
- ANepal AirlinesRNADouglas C-47A-DL(9N-AAH), en route from Kathmandu-Gaucher AirporttoNew Delhi,crashed near Tulachan Dhuri. The wreckage was discovered eight days later on a mountain top at 11,200 feet (3,400 m). All four crew and six passengers were killed, includingNepal's ambassador to India.[4][5]Initial reports were that rescue teams had found the airliner, and that all ten people on board were safe.[6]
- TheDarul Islamrebellion in Indonesia was defeated with the capture of its leader,Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo,who would be executed a month later.[7]
- In the UK, theTenbury and Bewdley Railwaywas closed to passengers, under the cutbacks of theBeeching Axe.[8]
- Died:
- Dr. Geoffrey Bacon, 44, British scientist, three days after being accidentally infected bybubonic plagueat Britain'sgerm warfarecenter atPorton Down,Wiltshire.[9]
- GeneralGordon Bennett,75, Australian military leader[10]
- North American Aviationbegan a test program to qualify its emergency parachute recovery system for Project Gemini's Paraglider Development Program. The first test was successful, but the test series would end on November 15 when all recovery parachutes separated from thespacecraftimmediately after deployment and the test vehicle was destroyed on impact.[11]
- In order to bring an end to theSaskatchewan doctors' strike,aspecial sessionof the legislature ofSaskatchewanamended the provincial Medical Care Insurance Act that had caused an unprecedented work stoppage by doctors and surgeons, adjourning after completing its work in less than 12 hours.[12]
- Cominco Binani Zinc Ltd. was established on the banks of thePeriyar RiverinKerala,India.
- Born:Brian France,American businessman, CEO ofNASCAR,and son ofBill France Jr.;inDaytona Beach, Florida
- PresidentJohn F. Kennedydecided to break ties with singerFrank Sinatraafter his brother, U.S. Attorney GeneralRobert F. Kennedy,reported to him about Sinatra's connections with organized crime. Sinatra was reportedly so enraged by the President's decision to no longer visit the singer'sPalm Springshome, that he took a sledgehammer and personally destroyed alanding padbuilt to accommodate visits by the presidential helicopter,Marine One.[13]
- "Tusko",a 14-year-old maleIndian elephantat theOklahoma City Zoo,was injected with 270 milligrams (4.2 gr) of thehallucinogenLSDin an experiment by researchers at theUniversity of Oklahomato simulatemusth,the periodic condition of aggressive behavior and rage by male elephants. Tusko collapsed five minutes after the injection and died less than two hours later.[14][15]
- The U.S. Air Force outlined its plans for convertingComplex 14at theAtlantic Missile RangeatCape Canaveralfor use by the Gemini Project Office. The site ofProject Mercurylaunches, Complex 14 would be modified forProject Geminioperations as theAgena target vehiclelaunch site.[11]
- Died:Dean Cromwell,82, American athletics coach, nicknamed "Maker of Champions", who coached the USC Trojans track team to 12 national championships, including nine consecutive titles from 1935 to 1943.
- Marilyn Monroetook afatal overdoseofNembutalat her home at12305 Fifth Helena DriveinBrentwoodinLos Angeles,apparently at some point between a 7:15 p.m. phone call from her former stepson, Joe DiMaggio Jr. and a 7:30 p.m. call from actorPeter Lawford.TheNembutalinteracted with a dosage ofchloral hydratealready in her body and she was in a coma by 10 p.m.[16][17]
- Crown PrinceVong Savangof Laos married Princess Mahneelai.[citation needed]
- Nelson Mandelawas arrested inSouth Africa,and imprisoned for more than 27 years. After returning home from a tour that he had made of African nations, Mandela was being driven by Cecil Williams toJohannesburg.Their car was near the village of Cedara, outside ofHowick,when a Sergeant Vorster recognized both men and pulled them over. Mandela, who identified himself as David Motsamayi, was taken toPietermaritzburg.While serving part of a five-year sentence for illegally leaving the country, he was tried and convicted on new charges in 1963 for sabotage and given a life sentence. He would not be released until February 11, 1990. In 1994, Mandela would be elected the first blackPresident of South Africa.[18]
- American Nazi Party leaderGeorge Lincoln Rockwellwas the guest of honor at a rally of Britain's neo-Nazi party, theNational Socialist Movement,led byColin Jordan.Rockwell had been barred from the UK by order of the Home Office, but sneaked in anyway to be present at the camp inGloucestershire.[19]
- 3C 273,the first identifiedquasar,was found by Australian astronomerJohn Boltonwith theradio telescopeat theParkes ObservatoryinNew South Wales.[20]
- The Soviet Union conducted the second largest nuclear test in history,detonatinga 40 megatonhydrogen bomb.[21]
- Graham Hillwon the1962 German Grand Prixat the Nürburgring.[22]
- Born:Patrick Ewing,Jamaican-American basketball player, 1985 NCAA player of the year and 11-time NBA All-Star; inKingston[23]
- TheFriendship 7spacecraft used inJohn Glenn'sMercury 6flight completed its exhibition tour around the world with its display at theCentury 21 ExpositioninSeattle,Washington.Afterward, Glenn's capsule would be presented to theNational Air Museumof theSmithsonian Institutionon February 20, 1963.[24]
- Jamaicareceived its independence from the United Kingdom.Princess Margaretof the UK and U.S. Vice-PresidentLyndon B. Johnsonwere among the dignitaries who watched the lowering of the British flag in Kingston.[25]
- Patsy Clinereleased her final studio album,Sentimentally Yours,seven months before her death in a plane crash.[26]
- Born:Michelle Yeoh,Malaysian actress; inIpoh[27]
- Died:Ángel Borlenghi,58, Argentine labour leader and politician, Interior Minister and enforcer for dictatorJuan Perón(1946–1955)[28]
- At the White House, President Kennedy presented thePresident's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Serviceto Dr.Frances Oldham Kelsey,a reviewer for the U.S.Food and Drug Administrationwho successfully blocked the approval of the birth-defect causing drugthalidomidefor American sale.[29]
- Guillermo Valenciaof the Conservative Party was sworn in as the newPresident of Colombia,quietly succeedingAlberto Lleras Camargoof the Liberal Party. Valencia's inauguration marked the first successful test of a unique agreement, whereby the Liberal and Conservative agreed to alternate the presidency every four years.[30]
- Algeria's provisional government, led by Prime MinisterBenyoucef Benkhedda,stepped aside in favor of leftist Vice-PremierAhmed Ben Bella,who had returned toAlgiersfromOranfour days earlier.[31]
- Elizabeth Ann Duncan,58, became the last woman to be executed in the United States prior to the restoration of the death penalty in 1977. She was put to death in thegas chamberat California'sSan Quentin State Prisonon the same day as the two men whom she had hired to murder her pregnant daughter-in-law. On November 17, 1958, Mrs. Olga Kupczyk Duncan and her unborn daughter had been beaten to death by Augustine Baldonado and Luis Moya, to whom Elizabeth had promised $8,000 which was never paid.[32][33][34]
- Mercury spacecraftNo. 9 (redesignated 9A) was phased into the Project Orbit program in preparation for the Mercury extended range or 1-day mission.[24]Atlaslaunch vehicle 113-D was delivered to Cape Canaveral for theMercury 8mission ofWally Schirra.[24]
- The 3rdNippon Jamboreecame to an end inGotenba,Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
- Born:Charmaine Crooks,Jamaican-born Canadian athlete; inMandeville
- Died:Don Davis,28; of injuries sustained in a sprint car race three days earlier atNew Bremen, Ohio.Less than three months earlier, Davis had finished in fourth place in the1962 Indianapolis 500.
- Prime Minister of CanadaJohn Diefenbakershuffled his cabinet, giving new jobs to six Ministers and bringing in three new men. Five of his Ministers had lost their seats in Parliament in the June 18 elections.[35]Among the changes were the move of Finance MinisterDonald FlemingtoMinister of Justice and Attorney Generaland the removal ofWilliam Joseph Brownewho left the office ofSolicitor General of Canada,a position that would remain vacant for nearly a year.
- Died:Hermann Hesse,85, German-born Swiss novelist known for such works asSteppenwolfandSiddhartha,and 1946 winner of theNobel Prize in Literature[36]
- CIA DirectorJohn McConeprovided his first memorandum to U.S. President Kennedy about surveillance that would lead to a U.S. and Soviet confrontation in theCuban Missile Crisis,describing an increase of Soviet shipments to Cuba, and his speculation that the Soviet Union was placing offensive missiles in the Caribbean island nation. McCone would give the President three more warnings in August.[37]
- TheHerbert Hoover Presidential Librarywas dedicated and opened to the public inWest Branch, Iowa.Hoover, who had served as the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933) was present and was celebrating his 88th birthday.[38]
- TheBell 533research helicopter made its first flight, at Bell'sFort Worth, Texas,headquarters.[39]
- Died:
- Paul David Devanandan,61, Indian Protestant Christian theologian
- Ted Husing,60, pioneering American sportscaster
- Harry Wexler,an Americanmeteorologistwho had been researching the link between depletion ofstratospheric ozoneandaerosol propellants,died of aheart attackwhile on vacation. Wexler had accepted an invitation to deliver a lecture entitled "The Climate of Earth and Its Modifications" at theUniversity of MarylandSpace Research and Technology Institute. Another twelve years would pass before the first papers about the effect ofchlorofluorocarbonon theozone layerwere published. "Had Wexler lived to publish his ideas", an author would comment later, "they would certainly have been noticed and could have led to a different outcome and perhaps an earlier coordinated response to the issue of stratospheric ozone depletion."[40]
- Andriyan Nikolayevbecame the third Sovietcosmonaut,and the fifth man to orbit the Earth, when the Soviet Union launchedVostok 3fromBaikonur Cosmodrome.[24][41]Although the Soviets maintained the practice of not announcing the launch until after it had happened, live video of a Soviet cosmonaut in orbit was broadcast for the first time.[42]
- The Mercury spacecraftreaction control systemtest was completed. Data compiled from this test was used to evaluate the thermal and thruster configuration of the Mercury extended range or 1-day mission spacecraft.[24]
- King Kong vs. Godzilladebuts theatrically in Japan, becoming the 2nd-highest grossing movie in Japanese filmography, earning ¥352 million at the Japanese box office, under a ¥150 million budget.[43]
- Pyotr Bolotnikovof the Soviet Union set the new world record for the10,000 metresrace in Moscow, perfecting the world record he already held.
- The Soviet Union launchedVostok 4from Baikonur Cosmodrome, with cosmonautPavel Popovichon board, marking the first time that two crewed spacecraft were in orbit at the same time. The twoVostok capsulescame within 6.5 km (4.0 mi) of one another, and the cosmonauts established ship-to-ship radio contact.[24][44][45]Arthur C. Clarkewould write later that the double launch "stunned the world", because the Soviet Union accomplishment "required synchronization of Herculean proportions at the launch site", with the second launch "at exactly the right moment to ensure the near-perfectrendezvous... only their fourth manned space flight, "something well beyond the American space program at the time.[42]
- On the first anniversary of the creation of theBerlin Wall,three minutes of silence were supposed to be observed at noon in West Berlin. Instead, angry crowds began hurling stones across the border at police in East Berlin, who responded by firing a water cannon across the Wall and into the crowd. After more stones were thrown by the Western protesters, tear gas grenades were fired from East Berlin, after which West Berlin riot police sent their own tear gas across the border. The clash ended after an hour, and there were no serious injuries.[46]
- A thief started a fire at Mangurian Furniture inFort Lauderdale, Florida,that completely destroyed the building and caused over $315,000 in damage, and resulted in more stringent fire codes to be implemented in the city.[47]
- Renato Daguin and Giovanni Ottin made the first complete ascent of the west face of theMatterhorn.[48]This was the last face to have been completely ascended.
- Jean Marie Bertrand becameAdministrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna,a colony of France.
- Born:
- Leonidas Donskis,Lithuanian politician and philosopher; inKlaipėda,Lithuanian SSR,Soviet Union(died from heart attack, 2016)
- John Slattery,American actor and director; inBoston
- Died:Mabel Dodge Luhan,83, American patron of the arts
- In thePlymouth Mail Robbery,robbers armed withsubmachine gunsheld up a U.S. Mail truck nearPlymouth, Massachusetts,and heisted its $1,500,000 cargo that had been en route to the Federal Reserve Bank in Boston. A man dressed as a police officer flagged the truck down, and two cars pulled out from side roads.[49]The caper was financed by mobsterGennaro "Jerry" Angiuloand carried out under the direction ofJohn "Red" Kelley.Kelley would later arrange for the murder of six of the participants in the plot, would avoid prison by becoming a witness against his fellow criminals, and, after being relocated by the federal witness protection program, would eventually die of natural causes.[50]
- For only the fifth time in its history, and for the first time in 35 years, the U.S. Senate invokedcloture,the ending of afilibusteragainst theCommunications Satellite Act of 1962.The vote was 63–27 in favor of ending debate, three more than the two-thirds necessary.[51]When it came up for a vote, the bill, establishingCOMSAT,passed the Senate 66–11 and the House 371–10. President Kennedy would sign it into law on August 31.[52]
- North American began flight tests for the half-scale text vehicle (HSTV) for the Paraglider Development Program two months late. The instrumented HSTV was towed aloft by helicopter. Despite various minor malfunctions in all five test flights from August 14 to October 23, test results verified the stability of the wing/vehicle combination in free flight and the adequacy of control effectiveness.[11]
- Born:Ikililou Dhoinine,President of the Comorosfrom 2011 to 2016; inDjoièzi
- Died:Rudi Arnstadt,35, East German border guard captain, was shot by Hans Plüschke, a 23-year-old West German border guard. Plüschke claimed to be returning fire after his patrol was shot at.[53]
- Representatives of theNetherlandsandIndonesiasigned theNew York Agreement,with the Netherlands transferring administration of theWestern New Guineacolony to theUnited Nations Trusteeship Counciluntil May 1, 1963, after which the U.N. Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA) and Indonesia would jointly administer the territory for a period of six years, during which the Western New Guineans were to be given a choice as to their future. In 1969, the territory would be incorporated into Indonesia.[54]
- PFCJames Joseph Dresnokof the United States Army decided to defect toNorth Koreawhile stationed on the south side of theKorean Demilitarized Zone.[55]Fifty years later, he was the only surviving American defector remaining in North Korea.[56]
- Vostok 3landed at 06:52 UTC at42°2′N75°45′E/ 42.033°N 75.750°E,nearKaraganda.[57]CosmonautAndrian Nikolayevejected the spacecraft during its descent and parachuted to earth, having set a new record of 64 orbits during nearly four days in space.[58]
- TheAustralian Air Force's "Red Sales" aerobatic stunt flying team was wiped out when all four of its Vampire jets crashed, killing the six airmen aboard, during formation flying near the East Sale Air Force Base.[59]
- South Africalegalized the sale of beer, wine and liquor to Africans and Asians for the first time. Previously, the privilege had been limited to White people only.[60]
- Died:Lei Feng,21, who had in 1957 been named as a "model worker" by thePeople's Republic of Chinafor good citizens to emulate, and in 1960, a "model soldier" of thePeople's Liberation Army,died "after being accidentally killed by a falling telephone pole that had been run into by a truck".[61]He would become even more famous on March 5, 1963, whenChina Youth Dailywould begin the "Learn from Lei Feng" campaign (Xiang Lei Feng tongzhi xuexi).[62][63]
- The Agena status displays for Gemini were reviewed, and 8 were approved. These displays comprised seven green lights which, when on, indicated that various functions of the Agena were satisfactory. The eighth, a red light, would go on to indicate main engine malfunction. The Gemini Project Office also approved the list of commands (which would be set at 34 after review) required to control certain Agena functions during rendezvous anddockingmaneuvers by the Gemini spacecraft.[11]
- The four former colonies ofFrench Indiawere formally transferred to Indian control with the exchange of the instruments of ratification by the French parliament of the 1954 transfer agreement. The four French territories (Pondicherry,Karaikal,YanamandMahé) would be merged to form the Union Territory ofPuducherry.[64]
- The Air Force and NASA agreed to use a standard Atlas space booster for the Gemini program. The first standard vehicle was expected to be available by September 1963.[11]
- BeatlesdrummerPete Bestwas fired and replaced byRingo Starr.[65]
- Born:Steve Carell,American comedian and TV and film actor known forThe OfficeandThe 40-Year-Old Virgin;inConcord, Massachusetts
- Died:Phillip Kastel,69, American gangster
- Peter Fechter,aged 18, was killed byEast Germanborder guards as he attempted to cross theBerlin Wallinto WestBerlin.Fechter's death has been described as "the most notorious incident of all"[66]in the 27-year history of the Wall, because Fechter slowly bled to death from his bullet wounds, in front of newspaper photographers and hundreds of spectators who were unable to assist him, and East German guards who refused to approach him until he died an hour later. In 1996, indictments would be returned against the two former guards, Rolf Friedrich and Erich Schreiber, who had shot Fechter.[67]They would be convicted of manslaughter on March 5, 1997, and placed on probation.
- Television was first broadcast inIndonesia,at the time a nation of 97,000,000 people, as Jakarta stationTVRI(Televisi Republik Indonesia) or The National Television Channel of Indonesia, began test broadcasting on Channel 5, coming directly from the Presidential Palace on the Indonesian independence day.[68]Regular broadcasting began on August 24, with transmission of the Asian Games.
- Foy D. Kohlerwas confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be the new United States ambassador to the Soviet Union.[69]
- Denied the right to anabortionin her home state ofArizonaand anywhere else in the United States,Sherri Finkbinereceived the procedure inStockholm.[70]Mrs. Finkbine, host of a children's TV show inPhoenix,had been seeking to terminate her pregnancy since lateJulyafter learning that a medicine she had taken wasthalidomide,which was found to cause severe birth defects, and her search for a legal abortion began the first nationwide debate in the U.S. over whether abortion should be legal.
- An experiment in publishing a "worldwide newspaper" bysatellitewas conducted from New York City, as seven newspaper pages were photographed, reduced in size, transmitted to the orbitingTelstarsatellite, and then received at ground stations on various continents.[71]
- A group of 17 children from the Blessed Hope Missionary Baptist Church ofQuincy, Florida,ranging in age from 5 to 14 years old, drowned along with their Sunday school teacher when their boat capsized inLake Talquin.Seven of the children were from the same family.[72]
- DrummerRingo Starrmade his first appearance as a full member of theBeatles,at a Horticultural Society dance atPort Sunlight.[73]
- Norwaylaunched its firstsounding rocket,Ferdinand 1, fromAndøya Space Centerto begin its space program.[74]
- Born:Felipe Calderón,63rdPresident of Mexicofrom 2006 to 2012; inMorelia,Michoacán state
- The Central Committee of the Communist Party ofHungary(officially, theHungarian Socialist Workers' Party) purged 24 former politicians, including former General SecretaryMátyás Rákosiand his successor,Ernő Gerő,as well as Politburo memberKároly Kiss,in a move to rid the Party ofStalinists.[75]
- Italian driverLorenzo Bandiniwon thefirst Mediterranean Grand Prix,held at the Autodromo di Pergusa, Sicily.
- TheU.S. Department of Defenseannounced plans to develop aTitan IIIlaunch vehiclepowered by bothsolidandliquid fuel rocketmotors with a total thrust of over 11 million newtons (2.5 million lbs). Scheduled to become operational in 1965, the Titan III would be used to launch the Air Force'sX-20 Dyna-Soarcrewed spacecraft, as well as heavy uncrewed military satellites.Martin Marietta Corporationhad been selected as prime contractor for the project, at an estimated cost of between $500 million and $1 billion. At anews conferencethe following day,U.S. Defense SecretaryRobert S. McNamaracited the Titan III as a major step toward overtaking the Soviet Union in various phases of military space development.[76]
- Fifteen people were killed in the crash of aPanair do BrasilDC-8 airliner, after it skidded off the runway while attempting to take off fromRio de JaneirotoLisbon.Another 90 were rescued, or escaped, from the flaming airliner.[77][78]
- The source of what would be developed into the anti-cancer drugtaxol(paclitaxel) was discovered by a team of botanists, led by Dr. Arthur Barclay, who collected bark from a specific type ofPacific yewtree,Taxus brevifolia Nutt,in theGifford Pinchot National Forest.Taxol, developed from the extract of the bark, is now used in treatment of ovarian and breast cancer.[79]
- The Mexican soccer football teamC.D. Guadalajarawon the1962 CONCACAF Champions' Cup,defeating the Guatemalan teamC.S.D. Comunicacionesby a 6–1 aggregate over two games.[80]
- Born:David Morales,American musician and 1998 Grammy Award winner; inBrooklyn[81]
- Died:
- Hermann Höfle,51, Nazi war criminal, hanged himself in prison in Austria, where he had been incarcerated since January 1961. He was awaiting trial for war crimes duringWorld War II.[82]
- Richard Garrick,83, Irish-born American film actor and director
- An assassination attempt against French PresidentCharles De Gaullefailed, as he, his wife, and son-in-law were nearPetit Clamart,being driven in hisCitroën DSfrom Paris to theVillacoublay Airfield.A team of 12 OAS gunmen, led by former French Air Force Lieutenant Colonel.Jean Bastien-Thiry,attacked the limousine. The rear window and two tires of De Gaulle's car were shot out, and the President was struck by shattered glass, as ambushers fired more than 120 bullets at the automobile, but miraculously, nobody was injured.[83]Bastien-Thiry was arrested on September 17, and executed by firing squad on March 11, 1963.[84]
- Soviet writerValery Tarsiswas punished for his anti-government novel,The Bluebottle Fly.He was forcibly committed to the Kuschenko Psychiatric Hospital with a diagnosis of "expansive paranoia". He would not be released for six months, and would later describe the experience in his novelWard 7.[85]
- John Lennonsecretly marriedCynthia Powellat Mount Pleasant Register office in Liverpool.[86]Lennon's fellow Beatles,Paul McCartneyandGeorge Harrison,attended the ceremony, and their managerBrian Epsteinserved as Lennon'sbest man.
- TheNational Reconnaissance Officeof the United States made its first successful launch of aweather satelliteintended to determine cloud cover in advance of a pass byspy satellitesand spy planes.[87]
- Mohammad Ichsan and Abdul Wahab Surjoadiningrat were appointed to theThird Working Cabinetof PresidentSukarnoin Indonesia.
- Died:Hoot Gibson,70, American western actor
- In the most dramatic attack on Cuba since the Bay of Pigs Invasion the year before, a suburb of Havana was shelled from speedboats operated by theCuban exileterrorist groupDirectorio Estudiantile.Operating from a 31-foot (9.4 m) boat, the attackers, led by Manuel Salvat, fired 60 artillery shells at buildings inMiramar,an upscale section of the Havana suburb ofPlaya.Nine rooms of theIcar Hostel,formerly theHotel Rosita de Hornedo,were damaged, and 20 people were injured. The boat departed after seven minutes.[88][89][90]
- TVRIor Televisi Republik Indonesia (Indonesian National Television Channel), the first national television network of Indonesia, made its official debut with a broadcast of the opening of the1962 Asian GamesinJakarta.
- Born:Craig Kilborn,American television host, actor, comedian, and sports commentator; inKansas City, Missouri[91]
- Venera 2MV-1 No.1,also called Sputnik 19, was launched from theBaikonur Cosmodrome,[92]with the aim of being the first craft to land on the planetVenus.However, the probe never succeeded in leaving low Earth orbit and re-entered the atmosphere three days later.[93]At the time, Soviet policy was to never announce a space mission until after it was launched, and to never announce a failed launch.[94]
- Born:
- Rajiv Kapoor,Indian actor and film-maker, son ofRaj Kapoor;inMumbai(died from heart attack, 2021)
- Taslima Nasrin,Bangladeshi doctor, author and human rights activist; inMymensingh
- The last major event of baseball'sNegro American Leaguewas played, as the annualEast-West All-Star Gametook place at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. In the final season of the NAL, there were only four teams. The defending NAL champions, theKansas City Monarchs,along with members of theBirmingham Black Barons,paced the West team in a 5–2 win.[95]
- The Soviet national newspaperPravdadenounced theEuropean Economic Community(known then as the "Common Market" ), as "an imperialist agency intensifying aggressive activity against the Communist nations".[96]
- The1962 Danish Grand Prixwas won byJack Brabham.
- Died:
- Edward Turnour, 6th Earl Winterton,79, English politician who served as a member of theHouse of Commonsfrom 1904 until his retirement in 1951; during his last six years, he was the "Father of the House"as the longest serving MP in the United Kingdom.
- Vilhjalmur Stefansson,82, Canadian Arctic explorer and ethnologist
- NASA launched theMariner 2space probe toward the planetVenus,lifting off from Florida at 1:58 a.m. (658 UTC) local time.[97]As the first successful mission to another planet, Mariner 2 would reach Venus on December 14, 1962, gathering data for 42 minutes and approaching within 21,600 miles (34,752 km).[98]The launch came a month after the failed American launch ofMariner 1to Venus, and three days after the Soviet launch of Sputnik 19 to Venus.
- The proposedTwenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution,outlawing thepoll tax,was submitted to the states for ratification. The House of Representatives voted 295–86 to approve the resolution, which had passed the U.S. Senate 77–16 on March 27.[99]By 1962, only two American states (Alabama and Mississippi) still used the poll tax to deter African-Americans from voting, and only three others (Arkansas, Texas and Virginia) had a poll tax law.[100]The Amendment would be ratified on January 23, 1964, when South Dakota would become the 38th of 50 states to approve it.[101]
- At a meeting inGuangzhoubetween China's Prime MinisterZhou Enlaiand North Vietnam's Prime MinisterPham Van Dong,the People's Republic committed to supplying the Viet Cong, at China's expense, "with enough weapons to arm 230 infantry battalions".[102]
- Born:Sjón(Sigurjón Birgir Sigurðsson), Icelandic novelist, poet and lyricist; inReykjavík
- At a spacecraft production evaluation meeting, Gemini Project Office and McDonnell revised the projected launch date of thefirst Gemini flightfromAugust 1963toSeptember 1963.Delays in the delivery of components from vendors caused the revision. The first crewed flight and second Gemini mission remained scheduled forNovember 1963.[11]
- Felix Frankfurter,one of the nine justices of theUnited States Supreme Courtsince 1939, sent U.S. President Kennedy his letter of resignation, citing health problems. U.S. Secretary of LaborArthur J. Goldbergwas nominated to replace Frankfurter.[103]
- Born:
- David Zuckerman,American TV producer and writer; inDanville, California[104]
- David Fincher,American film director; inDenver, Colorado[105]
- Died:Edmond Privat,73, Swiss Esperantist, historian, academic, journalist and peace activist
- Photographs by an American U-2 spy plane over Cuba first revealed the presence there of SovietSA-2missiles, for anti-aircraft defense. Offensive, nuclear-armed missiles would not be discovered in Cuba until later flights, precipitating theCuban Missile Crisis.[106]
- FC NurembergdefeatedFortuna Düsseldorf,2–1, in the final of the1961–62 DFB-Pokal,the postseason tournament of the 16 highest finishing West German clubs.[107]
- An American U-2 spyplane, flying from Japan, accidentally drifted over the Soviet Union'sSakhalin Island,the only known incursion after the1960 U-2 incident.The U.S. State Department formally apologized to the Soviet Union following a protest.[108]
- The Supremesrecorded their fourth single, "Let Me Go the Right Way",at Studio A of" Hitsville U.S.A. ", the Motown Records recording studios at 2648 West Grand Boulevard in Detroit.[109]
- Born:Alexander Litvinenko,Russian defector who was murdered bypolonium-210radiation poisoning in 2006 after publishing two books critical of the regime ofVladimir Putin;inVoronezh
- Died:
- Al Tomaini,50, retired American circus performer billed as "The Tallest Man in the World" (verified as being 8 feet 4.5 inches (2.553 m) tall in 1931); inGibsonton, Florida,of complications after the removal of a pituitary gland tumor a few weeks earlier.[110]
- Aaslaug Aasland,72, Norwegian politician
- Gemini Project Office outlined plans for checking out the spacecraft at Cape Canaveral. Gemini preflight checkout would follow the pattern established for Mercury, a series of end-to-end functional tests to check the spacecraft and its systems completely. To implement the checkout of the Gemini spacecraft, the Hangar S complex at Cape Canaveral would be enlarged. Major test stations would be housed at Hangar AR, an existing facility adjacent to Hangar S. The required facilities were scheduled to be completed by March 1, 1963, in time to support the checkout of Gemini spacecraft No. 1, which was due to arrive at the Cape by the end ofApril 1963.[11]
- Trinidad and Tobago,consisting of the two southernmost islands of theWest Indies,became independent after 165 years as a British colony. As midnight approached inPort of Spainon August 30, the British flag was slowly lowered as the Royal Marine Band playedTaps,and after a moment of silence, the new nation's red, white and black flag was quickly run up the flagpole as the National Guard and police bands played the new national anthem,Forged from the Love of Liberty.Eric Williamsserved as the nation's first Prime Minister, while former governorSolomon Hochoybecame Governor-General.[111]
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