Australian regional rivalries

Australian regional rivalriesrefers to the rivalries between Australian cities, states and territories orregions.

State rivalries

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Melbourne–Sydney rivalry

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Sydney, New South Wales
Melbourne, Victoria

There has been a long-standing rivalry between the cities ofMelbourneandSydney,the two largest cities in Australia – 39.9% of Australia's total population live in either Greater Sydney or Greater Melbourne. The rivalry between the cities was the reason that neither Melbourne (the largest city at the time, and again the largest city bycontiguousurban area in 2023[1]) nor Sydney (the oldest city) was chosen as thecapital of Australiawhen the nation wasfederatedin 1901. Because of this disagreement,section 125of theAustralian Constitutionspecified that Melbourne would initially serve as the seat of government on a temporary basis, while the permanent capital of the new Commonwealth must be located within New South Wales but at least 100 miles from Sydney. This city becameCanberra.Melbourne operated as the seat of parliament from 1901 until 1927, when Canberra's historicParliament Housewas opened, remaining in use until it was replaced with the currentParliament Housein 1988. Various Commonwealth governmental bodies continued to operate principally from Sydney or Melbourne after 1927. Most civil service departments were moved to Canberra in the 1950s, and theHigh Court of Australiawas finally moved from Melbourne to Canberra in 1980.

Rivalry and differences between the colonies were features of life in pre-federation Australia. There was a real rivalry between the most powerful colonies,New South WalesandVictoria,on trade matters. Each believed that the new nation should follow their trade model. New South Wales had a policy offree tradewhere all goods coming that came into the state were not subject totariffs.Victoria had an opposite policy ofprotectionismwith tariffs imposed on goods coming into the state from other colonies. This rivalry delayed the process offederation;eventually the two colonies agreed that trade between the colonies would be tariff free, but tariffs would be placed on goods from overseas (excluding theBritish Empire).

The Melbourne-Sydney Rivalry is heavily represented in sport. Sydneysiders first adoptedRugby footballand started the professionalNRLcompetition and theAustralian Rugby League Commission,while Melburnians inventedAustralian rules footballand started the professionalAFLcompetition. While both sports have extended their popularity beyond their own state, the historic and spiritual centre of both sports has remained in Sydney and Melbourne respectively, and neither city has been quick to embrace the other city's dominant football code. However, there is a strong rivalry between each city's biggestA-Leagueteams,Sydney FCandMelbourne Victory FC,with matches between the two sides known as "The Big Blue".Finally, there is also a growing rivalry between theANZ Championshipnetball teams theNew South Wales Swifts(previouslySydney Swifts) andMelbourne Vixens(previouslyMelbourne Phoenix). Also, there is a rivalry between the Sydney Kings and Melbourne United in Basketball (NBL).[2]

Sydney, with a population of 5.23 million, is the largest city in Australia, and has been named the world's best city eight consecutive times byCondé Nast Traveler.[3]Melbourne is the second largest city in Australia with a population of 4.94 million, and has been named seven consecutive timesworld's most liveable citybyThe Economist.[4]It has been called the sporting[5]capital of Australia. While Sydney was overtaken by Melbourne in terms of domestic tourism income in 2007,[6]Sydney still remains the leading tourism destination for international tourists.

Founded 47 years after Sydney, Melbourne was established by free settlers, and the colony of Victoria never possessed any convict settlements; however, Sydney's original founding was based upon convicts and was the first British settlement in Australia. Today Sydney still maintains the most historic settlement site in Australia, called 'The Rocks'. Melbourne transformed rapidly thanks to theVictorian gold rushin the 1850s, and became Australia's largest and most important city by 1865. This golden age, referred to as 'Marvellous Melbourne', was crushed by theAustralian banking crisis of 1893and resulting depression, and Sydney overtook Melbourne as the largest Australian city in the early 20th century. Sydney's infrastructure development is hampered by its challenging geography. By 2020, current trends indicated Melbourne would become the most populous city in Australia by 2026.[7]

New South Wales–Queensland rivalry

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Australian population as a percentage, 1881–2000

The rivalry between the states of New South Wales and Queensland has gone on since theSeparation of Queenslandin 1859.[8]

This rivalry has been played out through sport over the years. There was a strong push for representative football matches between the two colonies which led to the first matches in 20 August 1884 (inAustralian rules football) resulting in a draw[9][10]however New South Wales quickly became dominant. Such was the power of the rivalry that when the newly formedNorthern Rugby Unionscheduled annual matches in 1886 which Queensland won resoundingly that the entire colony switched toRugby unionfrom the following year.[11]Likewise when theQueensland Rugby Leagueformed, the1908 Interstate rugby league seriesbecoming an annual contest and quickly resulted inrugby leaguebecoming dominant football code in the state. In Queensland, there has been a general ill-feeling over the number of sports people leaving their home state for New South Wales, particularly rugby league footballers who left to play for the richer Sydney clubs.[citation needed]These players would then play against Queensland in interstate matches.[citation needed]In 1980, as a solution to this problem, theState of Origin serieswas created to allow Queensland players to play for their original state, and an immediate stop was put to New South Wales' dominance at the time.[citation needed]This sporting contest played three times a year now exemplifies this rivalry, dominating the media and public attention in both states during the series.[citation needed]

Moreover, this rivalry has a political component, with Queensland traditionally tending to state-centered conservatism and populist left politics, while New South Wales traditionally tending to classical-liberal conservatism, modern (small-l) liberal centrism, and social democratic left politics.[citation needed]

South Australia–Victoria rivalry

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Adelaide United vs Melbourne Victory

Much of the rivalry is played out in sport, primarilyAustralian rules football,and the dishchicken parmigiana.South Australians and most of the country call the dish a "parmi". Victorians; however, call it a "parma". There is not a united stance on parma in Victoria. The use of parmi/parma has led to some heatedTwitterdebates most recently involving formerFremantlecaptainMatthew PavlichandAdelaide-bornCollingwoodcoachNathan Buckley.Back to AFL, and the very firstinterstate matchwas held between the two states in 1879. "Kick a Vic" became the later South Australian catchcry inState of Originfootball. South Australians became bitter when the AFL canned the State of Origin series, which has increased with the reluctance to allow South Australia to once again compete.[12]There are even some South Australians who dispute the Victorian origin of Australian Rules and claim that the game is a South Australian invention, pointing to an earliest recorded football match which was played in South Australia in 1840, nearly two decades before the first rules of the game were written, although historians later argued that this early match was instead the Irish game ofcaid.

Nevertheless, Australian rules in South Australia was the first to form a true governing body and theSANFLremains the oldest league in the game (founded as the SAFA just over two weeks before theVFAin early 1877). Many SANFL supporters resent the expansion of the VFL to become theAustralian Football League,and in particular, the poaching of players from South Australia before the first teams fromAdelaidewere admitted into the competition.[13]Many South Australian supporters also resent the Melbourne-based AFL for not recognising its history and low representation in the official Australian Football Hall of Fame.Port Adelaide Football Club's bid to defect to the AFL in 1990 was seen as a major scandal and an act of betrayal by South Australians. Many of the club's supporters resent being forced to drop its jumper design and record number of premierships to change leagues upon its final admission in 1997. Another source of this rivalry goes back to how these states were settled. Neither state was formed as a penal colony, however South Australia was self-governing, freely settled state (as opposed to a crown-colony). Because of this it received many of its settlers from Germany and Austria and German was the de facto second language in South Australia until the First World War. Early Victoria settlers, on the other hand, were almost entirely English or Gaelic speakers from Great Britain and Ireland. As a result of South Australia's early German connection, a feeling of resentment was held towards the state during the First World War, a feeling which still exists, albeit on a much less intense level, today.[citation needed]

There is also a quite intense rivalry in the A-League betweenAdelaide United FCandMelbourne Victory.This match is known as the 'Original Rivalry' due to it being one of the first rivalries in theA-League.[14]Some notable instances between these two teams was in the2006-07 seasonwhere the then-Adelaide coachJohn Kosminagrabbed Victory skipperKevin Muscatby the throat after the ball rolled out near the Redstechnical area,Kosmina went to pick up the ball, only to be pushed to the ground by Muscat trying to retrieve the ball himself.[14]later that season Victory would beat Adelaide 6-0 in the2007 A-League Grand FinalwithArchie Thompsonscoring 5 goals.[15]Melbourne Victory would also beat Adelaide United to win the2008-09 regular seasonbecause they had scored more goals than Adelaide after having equal points andgoal difference.This was also followed up by Melbourne Victory beating Adelaide United 1-0 in the2009 A-League Grand Final.[16]As of 16 July 2024, Melbourne Victory have won 32 games, drew 16 games and Adelaide United have won 24 games in this matchup.

Western Australia and other states

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Western Australia has the largest land area of any state of Australia, encompassing a third of the continent. It is the least densely populated and the furthest removed from theEastern Statescentres of population and from the federal government's home in theAustralian Capital Territory.The state has the fourth largest population of the Australian States and Territories with 9.8% of the national total, and about one-third the population of Victoria and New South Wales. Some Western Australian towns are located closer to its South-East Asian neighbours to the North than to cities interstate; the capital Perth is closer toJakartathan to Sydney or Melbourne. At the same time, it has abundant natural resources and primary industries that contribute a significant part of Australia's economy, particularly in the mining sector. As at June 2006 it contributed 11.7% of theGross State Product.[17]There is a belief[by whom?]that too much of the wealth of Western Australia islost to the federal system and redistributedamong the Eastern States. Only 6% of the total goods and services tax (GST) allocations to the states and territories is distributed to Western Australia.[citation needed]Many Western Australians believe they are actually subsidising and paying for the other states, which they derisively call "poor states."[citation needed]

Some Western Australians[who?]consider their state to be a "forgotten"Cinderella State.Often sporting and concert events bypass the state for financial reasons because of its isolation. Western Australians have long complained of being ignored an/or taken advantage of by the other states and the Commonwealth over political and economical issues. In regards to sport, most animosity is directed to Victoria, whose more powerful Victorian Football League evolved into a national league rechristened as theAustralian Football Leagueto the detriment to the WAFL and South Australia's SANFL.[citation needed]It was Western Australia who came up with the State of Origin football concept that was so successful in the 1980s and continues to be in the rugby league version.[citation needed]

Western Australia is the most successful cricketing state behind New South Wales[citation needed]yet the state team only debuted in the interstateSheffield Shieldin 1947, 55 years after the other colonies started. WA was only allowed to enter the competition after agreeing to pay the other states.[citation needed]Ill feeling because of the unfair financial burden was somewhat soothed by WA winning the shield in their first season. Such unfair financial conditions were also put onto the ill-conceivedWestern Redsin theAustralian Rugby League.[citation needed]The club was forced to pay for the accommodation and airfares of visiting teams along with their own when they were the greatest travelling club in the league. Though the club performed solidly on the field, financial conditions caused it to fold at the end of 1997. The club's licence and the core of the playing group moved to Melbourne where thatnew clubwon the premiership in itssecond season.

Western Australia was the last British colony to agree to join thefederation.As a result, the state is not mentioned in the preamble to theCommonwealth of Australia Constitution Act(1900) as its support was given too late for the document to be redrafted. On several occasions,secessionismhas been seriously proposed and was even formally pursued in a1933 referendumwhich received 68% popular support. It took no effect because a British parliamentary committee decided the secession referendum was invalid because it didn’t have the support of the Australian parliament.

Regional rivalries

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Illawarra and other parts of New South Wales

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TheIllawarraregion of New South Wales lies only a short distance south of Sydney; however, the socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds of its citizens has allowed for the development of bitter rivalries between the Illawarra and Sydney, the Illawarra and Newcastle, and the Illawarra and Far South Coast.[citation needed]

The Illawarra vs. Sydney Rivalry is founded in historical, political and, for many, personal aspects. The Illawarra northern suburbs centred on Thirroul and Corrimal have seen drastic development resulting from overpopulation in the Sydney Cumberland Basin with many local residents upset about being encroached upon by the metropolis.[citation needed]

This same reason was one of the reasons for the 1885Charcoal Creek riots(now Unanderra), when 18 homes built by migrants from Sydney were demolished and razed by angry Illawarrian farmers who claimed they were built illegally by "ignorant city siders who don't know our country."[18]The desire of Illawarrians to show differences between themselves and Sydneysiders has shown itself many times. In the early days of the Iraq War,WollongongLord MayorAlex Darlingled a delegation to the Consul General of France asking them to accept Wollongong's defection to France in protest at Sydney (and Canberra's) stance.[19]

In 1915, when the Commonwealth was looking for a port for Canberra, the Illawarra shires unanimously volunteered to become part of the territory, however the state government in Sydney refused to allow it because it would be too close to Sydney's ports and far too competitive.[citation needed]Jervis Baywas eventually made the site, however territorial separatism is still felt in the region today. Illawarra politicians are often very supportive of new states movements elsewhere in the state, includingNew England,RiverinaandBogongstates movements, however no current Illawarra new state movement is known to exist.[citation needed]

TheNewcastlevs. Wollongong rivalries exist mainly due to the history of each city, to their similar populations, to both being steel towns, and also to their similar distances from Sydney.

Melbourne: North vs. South of the River

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Though this has become less apparent in recent years, there is a historic rivalry between the two sides of theYarra Riverin the Metropolitan Melbourne Area. Traditionally, the Northern and Western suburbs (which lay on the north/right bank of the Yarra River) were industrial, working-class and a major destination for immigrants to Melbourne, whilst the Eastern and Southern suburbs (which lay on the south/left bank of the Yarra River) were by the bay, more affluent and received less immigration. In recent years, due to thegentrificationof inner city suburbs (such asBrunswickandFootscray) and the incorporation of multicultural, working class, outer suburbs (such asMeltonandPakenham) into the Greater Melbourne region, and significant immigration to Eastern and Southern suburbs in recent decades, this divide has become less pronounced than it historically was.[20]

Ballarat–Bendigo rivalry

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The cities ofBallaratandBendigoin Victoria have an ongoing rivalry[21][22]which dates back to theVictorian Gold Rush.[23][citation needed]Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries the two cities have been of almost identical size in terms of population and commercial importance, as well as claims to being the 'capital' of theGoldfields region of Victoria.Ballarat has remained slightly ahead in population terms, although growth rates between the two cities have fluctuated.[24]

The population figure for thelocal government areaof theCity of Greater Bendigo(which includes sizeable nearby towns) is larger, and therefore often cited by Bendigonians in favour of their city. Bendigo remains the larger financial centre and Bendigonians also claim the warmer climate. Bendigo also claimed superior gold production. Both Ballarat and Bendigo have used their history and architectural heritage as major tourist drawcards and directly vie for the tourist dollar. In tourism Ballarat has traditionally drawn more visitors due to its geographic position and also to the presence of popular Sovereign Hill, a re-creation of 1850s Ballarat town and mines. Ballarat was also the site of the 1854 Eureka rebellion, when armed miners and government troops fought over the miners' demands for fairer tax and license laws. Visitors are also drawn to the attractions related to the rebellion.

The modern Ballarat vs. Bendigo rivalry extends to sport with Australian rules[25]and basketball[26]teams from each town having notable contests drawing interest from the media and spectators.

Latrobe Valley

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Long standing rivalries between towns and cities in theLatrobe Valleythat make Latrobe City go back to the 1880s, particularly between similarly sizedMorwellandTraralgon[27]and to a lesser extentMoe.Latrobe City is a fairly rare case of an urban area formed incrementally from multiple similarly sized cities without a single central core. Both Morwell and Traralgon continue to claim the civic centre and most dominant in the region and the municipalityCity of Latrobewas partly formed to settle rivalries between the cities. This rivalry extends to sports, particularly local Australian rules football matches[28][29]and also soccer.

Cairns–Townsville rivalry

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There has been a long-standing rivalry between the North Queensland cities ofCairnsandTownsville.This is partly due to the similar size of the two cities, distance and slightly different local cultures. Both cities have sought to be known as the capital of the region, the major population centre and port. Cairns is considered the aviation, agricultural & tourism hub of North Queensland whilst Townsville is the administrative, financial and industrial hub.

Each city is home to a national sports team, theNorth Queensland Cowboyslocated in Townsville, and theCairns Taipans.Because of the inter-city rivalry it generally takes longer for these teams to win the hearts and minds of potential supporters in the rival city, although the North Queensland Cowboys have found it easier than the Taipans, since Townsville previously had anNBLteam (TheTownsville Crocodileswho folded at the end of the 2015-16 Season), whilst the Cowboys more broadly represented Northern Queensland, it is unclear whether the name was a nod to theThe Region,or the entirety of North Queensland (IncludingFar North Queensland)

Tasmania: North vs. South

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The North and South rivalry generally follows the historical division of the state along the42nd parallel.This division was formalised between 1804 and 1812 when the Northern county was known as Cornwall and the Southern county was Buckinghamshire.[30]The population of Tasmania is nearly evenly split between the North and the South.[31]The North–South rivalry manifests in various ways such as preference of beer;Cascadein the South vs.Boagsin the North,[32]and which newspaper is more widely read,The Mercuryin the South vs.The Examinerin the North. It is a longstanding battle between the two areas, and the mayors of Launceston and Hobart symbolically "buried the hatchet" in 1959. However, the current mayors dug the hatchets back up in 2012 whilst dressed in full pirate regalia.[33]

The divide has extended to the state's maximum securityRisdon Prison,where northern and southern inmates are being separated.[34]

The north–south divide was referenced in an episode of Australian comedy TV seriesUtopia.[35]

Cartoonist Christopher Downes makes light of the rivalry in the cartoonThe Great Divide[36]for the newspaper of the Southern division,The Mercury.

Facebook cartographer Simon Bags recently created this map to document the division of beer drinking in Tasmania.[37]Some controversy exists over the exact boundaries of the red and blue section of this map.

From time to time this North vs. South issue is used by media outlets as a way of increasing readership. This is sometimes framed up as exploring the potential to divide the state again, as in this piece from the ABC:"Tasmania was once (figuratively) split in two, could it happen again?"It concludes Tasmania will not become states due to over-representation in the Australian Government.[38]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Melbourne overtakes Sydney as Australia's biggest city".BBC News.17 April 2023.Retrieved17 April2023.
  2. ^Ward, Roy (13 December 2019)."United-Kings rivalry is now real after fake beginning: Bogut".The Sydney Morning Herald.Retrieved16 June2021.
  3. ^"Australia's Number One Industry Newsletter".Travel Blackboard.Retrieved11 September2017.
  4. ^Wahlquist, Calla (16 August 2017)."Melbourne 'world's most liveable city' for seventh year running | Australia news".The Guardian.Retrieved20 July2018.
  5. ^Australian Government Culture and Recreation PortalArchived29 August 2007 at theWayback Machine
  6. ^Stafford, Annabel (19 May 2008)."Now Sydney loses its tourism ascendancy".The Age.Melbourne.
  7. ^Megalogenis, George (24 January 2020)."Melbourne is set to become the country's most populous city by 2026 – with vast ramifications".The Age.Retrieved16 June2021.
  8. ^State of Origin History
  9. ^The Brisbane Courier 4 Aug 1884 Page 6 FOOTBALL
  10. ^The Brisbane Courier 11 Aug 1884 Page 6 FOOTBALL
  11. ^Sean Fagan, RugbyAustralis.com (Archive, 10 August 2011)
  12. ^"Cornes blasts all-star match".Foxsports.com.au. 28 April 2017.Retrieved11 September2017.
  13. ^"Is the AFL still the VFL?".Archived fromthe originalon 21 August 2008.Retrieved5 August2008.
  14. ^abStaff, KEEPUP (18 April 2019)."What is the Original Rivalry?".A-Leagues.Retrieved16 July2024.
  15. ^"A-League News - Archie Thompson Nets Five in Grand Final | Soccerphile".www.soccerphile.com.Retrieved16 July2024.
  16. ^Salazar, Jo-Ryan."Hyundai A-League Grand Final 2009: Whitewash or Re-Ignition?".Bleacher Report.Retrieved16 July2024.
  17. ^"Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2005–06 Reissue".Retrieved11 September2017.
  18. ^Illawarra Historical Society
  19. ^"Going Gallic" (5 March 2003).Time.
  20. ^"North Vs South Wars: Melbourne".www.realestate.com.au.Retrieved17 November2020.
  21. ^The challenge begins for Bendigo and Ballarat[permanent dead link]
  22. ^Bucci, Nino (31 March 2010)."Ballarat pips us by 1: ABS figures reveal population growth".Bendigo Advertiser.Retrieved11 September2017.
  23. ^"Archived copy".bendigoweekly.ezyzine.com.Archived fromthe originalon 11 September 2017.Retrieved22 May2022.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. ^"Bendigo population growth just ahead of Ballarat".ABC News. 1 April 2008.Retrieved11 September2017.
  25. ^McDermott, Josh (4 April 2008)."Roosters rivalry round".Archived fromthe originalon 6 July 2011.
  26. ^"Ballarat v Bendigo: What's in a rivalry?".The Courier. 18 June 2009.Retrieved11 September2017.
  27. ^"Calls to stop inter-town squabbling in the Valley - Local News - News - General - Latrobe Valley Express".Archived fromthe originalon 11 March 2011.Retrieved6 July2010.
  28. ^"Morwell"(PDF).Retrieved1 July2013.
  29. ^"Topsy-turvy times lead to changing of guard".The Age.Melbourne. 20 July 2003.
  30. ^"42nd Parallel Heritage Highway Tourism Tasmania".www.heritagehighway.com.au.Archived fromthe originalon 28 July 2014.
  31. ^"North-south relations".Utas.edu.au.Retrieved11 September2017.
  32. ^"Tassie beer wars".The Sydney Morning Herald.4 January 2007.Retrieved11 September2017.
  33. ^"Hatchet job to end north-south rivalry".ABC News. 20 July 2012.Retrieved11 September2017.
  34. ^"Risdon inmates split by great North–South divide".The Mercury.6 November 2014.Retrieved6 November2014.
  35. ^"Stadium fight not in interests of unity".The Examiner.23 September 2014.Retrieved6 November2014.
  36. ^"Today's The Mercury Newspaper cartoon:... – The Cartoons of Christopher Downes".Facebook.Retrieved20 July2018.
  37. ^"Simon Bags – fun rainy day activities for map nerds like..."Facebook.Retrieved20 July2018.
  38. ^"Tasmania was once (Figuratively) split in two, could it happen again?".ABC News.10 June 2019.
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