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Autonomous prefectures(Chinese:Tự trị châu;pinyin:zìzhìzhōu) are one type ofautonomous administrative divisions of China,existing at theprefectural level,with eitherethnic minoritiesforming over 50% of the population or being the historic home of significant minorities. Autonomous prefectures are mostly majorityHan Chineseby population. The official name of an autonomous prefecture includes the most significant minority in that region, sometimes two, rarely three. For example, aKazakh(Kazakin official naming system) prefecture may be calledKazak Zizhizhou.Like all other prefectural level divisions, autonomous prefectures are divided intocounty level divisions.There is one exception:Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecturecontains two prefectures of its own. Under theConstitution of the People's Republic of China,autonomous prefectures cannot be abolished.
| Autonomous Prefecture Tự trị châu Zìzhìzhōu | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Category | Second leveladministrative divisionof aunitary state |
| Location | China |
| Number | 30 Autonomous Prefectures |
Autonomous administrative divisions
edit
Autonomous Region
Autonomous Prefecture
Autonomous County
Autonomous Banner
Ethnic district
The PRC's autonomous administrative divisions may be found in the first (or top) to third levels of its nationaladministrative divisionsthus:
| Level | Type | Chinese | Pinyin | Numberas ofJune 2005 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province (1) | Autonomous regions | Tự trị khu | Zìzhìqū | 5 |
| Prefecture (2) | Autonomous prefectures | Tự trị châu | Zìzhìzhōu | 30 |
| County (3) | Autonomous counties | Tự trị huyện | Zìzhìxiàn | 117 |
| Autonomous banners | Tự trị kỳ | Zìzhìqí | 3 |
List of autonomous prefectures
edit| Province | Name | Simplified ChineseandPinyin | Designatedminority | Local name | Capital |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gansu | Linxia | Lâm hạ hồi tộc tự trị châu Línxià Huízú Zìzhìzhōu |
Hui | (The Hui speakChinese)Xiao'erjing:لٍثِیَا خُوِزُو زِجِجِوْ | Linxiacity |
| Gansu | Gannan | Cam nam tàng tộc tự trị châu Gānnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Tibetan | Tibetan:ཀན་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་(Kan-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul) | Hezuo (Hzö)city |
| Guizhou | Qiandongnan | Kiềm đông nam miêu tộc đồng tộc tự trị châu Qiándōngnán Miáozú Dòngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
MiaoandDong | Hmu:Qeef Dongb Naif Dol Yat Hmub Zid Zid Zeb Dong:Qeenc Dongs Nanc Nyenc Miiul Nyenc Gaeml Zil Zl Zous |
Kaili (Kad Linx)city |
| Guizhou | Qiannan | Kiềm nam bố y tộc miêu tộc tự trị châu Qiánnán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu |
BouyeiandMiao | Bouyei:Qianfnanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz ziqziqzouy Hmu:Qeef Naif Dol Yat Dol Hmub Zid Zid Zeb |
Duyuncity |
| Guizhou | Qianxinan | Kiềm tây nam bố y tộc miêu tộc tự trị châu Qiánxī'nán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu |
BouyeiandMiao | Bouyei:Qianfxiynanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz Ziqziqzouy Hmu:Qeef Xib Naif Dol Yat Dol Hmub Zid Zid Zeb |
Xingyicity |
| Hubei | Enshi | Ân thi thổ gia tộc miêu tộc tự trị châu Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu |
TujiaandMiao | Tujia:Eng Shiv Bif Ziv Kar hev Bef Kar zouf xengv zuvз Hmong:Ee Si Thws Ca Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb |
Enshicity |
| Hunan | Xiangxi | Tương tây thổ gia tộc miêu tộc tự trị châu Xiāngxī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu |
TujiaandMiao | Tujia:Xiз’angv Xif Bif Ziv Kar hev Bef Kar zouf xengv zuvз Hmong:Xyaa Xyi Thws Ca Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb |
Jishoucity |
| Jilin | Yanbian | Diên biên triều tiên tộc tự trị châu Yánbiān Cháoxiǎnzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Korean | Korean:연변 조선족 자치주(Yeonbyeon Joseonjok Jachiju) | Yanji (Yeongil)city |
| Qinghai | Haibei | Hải bắc tàng tộc tự trị châu Hǎiběi Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Tibetan | Tibetan:མཚོ་བྱང་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་(Mtsho-byang Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul) | Haiyan County |
| Qinghai | Hainan | Hải nam tàng tộc tự trị châu Hǎinán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Tibetan | Tibetan:མཚོ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་(Mtsho-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul) | Gonghe County |
| Qinghai | Huangnan | Hoàng nam tàng tộc tự trị châu Huángnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Tibetan | Tibetan:རྨ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་(Rma-lho Bod-rigs rang skyong khul) | Tongrencity |
| Qinghai | Golog | Quả lạc tàng tộc tự trị châu Guǒluò Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Tibetan | Tibetan:མགོ་ལོག་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་(Mgo-log Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul) | Maqên County |
| Qinghai | Yushu | Ngọc thụ tàng tộc tự trị châu Yùshù Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Tibetan | Tibetan:ཡུལ་ཤུལ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་(Yul-shul Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul) | Yushucity |
| Qinghai | Haixi | Hải tây mông cổ tộc tàng tộc tự trị châu Hǎixī Měnggǔzú Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Mongolian&Tibetan | Mongolian:ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ(Borotal a-yin mongγol ebereen öbertegen zasaqu ǰuu) Tibetan:མཚོ་ནུབ་སོག་རིགས་ཆ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་(Mtsho-nub Sog-rigs dang Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul) |
Delingha (Delhi)city |
| Sichuan | Ngawa | A bá tàng tộc khương tộc tự trị châu Ābà Zàngzú Qiāngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Tibetan&Qiang | Tibetan:རྔ་བ་བོད་རིགས་ཆ་བ༹ང་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་(Rnga-ba Bod-rigs dang Chavang-rigs rang skyong khul) Qiangic:Ggabba Shbea Rrmea nyujugvez zhou |
Barkamcity |
| Sichuan | Garzê | Cam tư tàng tộc tự trị châu Gānzī Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Tibetan | Tibetan:དཀར་མཛེས་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་(Dkar-mdzes Bod-rigs rang-skyong khul) | Kangding (Dartsedo)city |
| Sichuan | Liangshan | Lương sơn di tộc tự trị châu Liángshān Yízú Zìzhìzhōu |
Yi | Yi:ꆃꎭꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ(Niepsha Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho) | Xichang (Op Rro)city |
| Xinjiang | Kizilsu | Khắc tư lặc tô kha nhĩ khắc tư tự trị châu Kèzīlèsū Kē'ěrkèzī Zìzhìzhōu |
Kyrgyz | Kyrgyz:قىزىلسۇۇ قىرعىز اپتونوم وبلاسى (Kızılsuu Kırgız avtonom oblastı) | Artuxcity |
| Xinjiang | Bortala | Bác nhĩ tháp lạp mông cổ tự trị châu Bó'ěrtǎlā Měnggǔ Zìzhìzhōu |
Mongolian | Mongolian:ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ(Borotala mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu) | Bole (Bortala)city |
| Xinjiang | Changji | Xương cát hồi tộc tự trị châu Chāngjí Huízú Zìzhìzhōu |
Hui | (The Hui speakChinese)Xiao'erjing:چَانْݣِ خُوِزُو زِجِجِوْ | Changjicity |
| Xinjiang | Bayingolin | Ba âm quách lăng mông cổ tự trị châu Bāyīnguōlèng Měnggǔ Zìzhìzhōu |
Mongolian | Mongolian:ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ(Bayangol mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu) | Korlacity |
| Xinjiang | Ili (Altay) (Tacheng) |
Y lê cáp tát khắc tự trị châu Yīlí Hāsàkè Zìzhìzhōu (A lặc thái địa khu) (Ālètài Dìqū) (Tháp thành địa khu) (Tǎchéng Dìqū) |
Kazakh | Kazakh:ىله قازاق اۆتونومىيالى وبلىسى(İle Qazaq awtonomïyalıq oblısı) (Kazakh:ئالتاي ۋىلايىتى) (Altay aymağı) (Kazakh:تارباعاتاي ايماعى) (Tarbağatay aymağı) |
Yining (Ghulja)city (Altaycity) (Tachengcity) |
| Yunnan | Dehong | Đức hoành thái tộc cảnh pha tộc tự trị châu Déhóng Dǎizú Jǐngpōzú Zìzhìzhōu |
DaiandJingpo | Tai Nüa-ᥟᥪᥒᥱ ᥙᥪᥴ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥙᥩᥒ ᥛᥥᥝᥰ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥓᥤᥒ ᥚᥨᥲ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ(Sakhkung Sam Jinghpo Amyu Madu Uphkang Mungdo) Zaiwa:Sikung Sam Zaizo Byumyu Yumsing Upkang Mau |
Mangshicity |
| Yunnan | Nujiang | Nộ giang lật túc tộc tự trị châu Nùjiāng Lìsùzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Lisu | Lisu:ꓠꓳ-ꓟꓵ ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓚꓲꓸ ꓛꓬꓽ ꓗꓪꓼ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓝꓳꓴ (Nolmut lisu shit jilqait guatshit zhou) | Lushuicity |
| Yunnan | Dêqên (Diqing) | Địch khánh tàng tộc tự trị châu Díqìng Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Tibetan | Tibetan:བདེ་ཆེན་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་(Bde-chen Bod-rigs rang-skyong khul) | Shangri-Lacity |
| Yunnan | Dali | Đại lý bạch tộc tự trị châu Dàlǐ Báizú Zìzhìzhōu |
Bai | Bai:Darl•lit Baif•cuf zirl•zirl•zox | Dalicity |
| Yunnan | Chuxiong | Sở hùng di tộc tự trị châu Chǔxióng Yízú Zìzhìzhōu |
Yi | Yi:ꀒꇐꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ(Olu Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho) | Chuxiongcity |
| Yunnan | Honghe | Hồng hà cáp ni tộc di tộc tự trị châu Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu |
HaniandYi | Hani:Haoqhoq Haqniqssaq Haqhholssaq Ziiqziifzel Yi:ꉼꉻꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ(Hopho Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho) |
Mengzicity |
| Yunnan | Wenshan | Văn sơn tráng tộc miêu tộc tự trị châu Wenshān Zhuàngzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu |
ZhuangandMiao | Zhuang:Munzsanh Bouxcuengh Myauzcuz Swcicouh Hmong:Veej Sa Tsuaam Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb |
Wenshancity |
| Yunnan | Xishuangbanna (Sibsongbanna) | Tây song bản nạp thái tộc tự trị châu Xīshuāngbǎnnà Dǎizú Zìzhìzhōu |
Dai | Tai Lü:ᦈᦹᧈ ᦈᦹᧈ ᦵᦋᦲᧁᧈ ᦘᦱ ᦉᦱ ᦺᦑ ᧑᧒ ᦗᧃ ᦓᦱ | Jinghongcity |
Ethnic composition of autonomous prefectures
edit- Note:* - denotes as the second titular ethnic group
| Autonomous prefecture |
Year established |
Province | Titular ethnic group |
Other minorities |
Han % | Total population | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2000 | % 2010 | 2000 | 2010 | ||||||
| Bayingolin Prefecture | 1954 | Xinjiang | Mongolian | 3.40 | 3.40 | Uyghur | 31.83 | 31.83 | 59.29 | 59.29 | 1,323,028 |
| Bortala Prefecture | 1954 | Xinjiang | Mongolian | 5.64 | 5.66 | Uyghur | 12.53 | 13.32 | 67.19 | 64.96 | 482,615 |
| Changji Prefecture | 1954 | Xinjiang | Hui | 11.55 | 9.52 | Kazakh | 7.98 | 9.33 | 75.14 | 75.31 | 1,412,844 |
| Chuxiong Prefecture | 1958 | Yunnan | Yi | 26.31 | 26.70 | Lisu | 2.03 | 1.98 | 67.45 | 66.94 | 2,615,109 |
| Dali Prefecture | 1956 | Yunnan | Bai | 32.80 | 32.19 | Yi | 12.94 | 13.02 | 50.35 | 50.69 | 3,525,706 |
| Dehong Prefecture | 1953 | Yunnan | Dai | 30.14 | 28.88 | Jingpo* | 11.53 | 11.09 | 50.66 | 51.93 | 1,124,432 |
| Dêqên (Diqing) Prefecture | 1957 | Yunnan | Tibetan | 33.12 | 32.36 | Lisu | 27.78 | 26.72 | 16.39 | 18.34 | 357,528 |
| Enshi Prefecture | 1983 | Hubei | Tujia | 45.00 | 47.50 | Miao* | 5.45 | 5.01 | 47.24 | 45.32 | 3,976,081 |
| Gannan Prefecture | 1953 | Gansu | Tibetan | 51.44 | 54.64 | Hui | 6.43 | 6.25 | 41.75 | 38.70 | 723,521 |
| Garzê Prefecture | 1950 | Sichuan | Tibetan | 78.37 | 78.29 | Yi | 2.56 | 2.66 | 18.24 | 18.24 | 1,060,632 |
| Golog Prefecture | 1954 | Qinghai | Tibetan | 91.63 | 91.86 | Hui | 1.11 | 0.96 | 6.59 | 6.57 | 173,541 |
| Haibei Prefecture | 1953 | Qinghai | Tibetan | 24.15 | 24.36 | Hui | 30.58 | 31.52 | 36.63 | 35.88 | 283,230 |
| Hainan Prefecture | 1953 | Qinghai | Tibetan | 62.77 | 66.31 | Hui | 6.97 | 6.84 | 28.06 | 24.84 | 446,849 |
| Haixi Prefecture | 1954 | Qinghai | Mongol | 7.23 | 5.53 | Tibetan* | 12.16 | 10.93 | 64.95 | 66.01 | 390,743 |
| Honghe Prefecture | 1957 | Yunnan | Hani | 16.60 | 17.55 | Yi* | 23.57 | 23.19 | 44.31 | 42.85 | 4,408,699 |
| Huangnan Prefecture | 1953 | Qinghai | Tibetan | 66.32 | 68.55 | Mongol | 13.54 | 13.98 | 7.54 | 6.08 | 254,033 |
| Ili Prefecture | 1954 | Xinjiang | Kazakh | 21.53 | Uyghur | 26.88 | 35.22 | 2,814,980 | |||
| Kizilsu Prefecture | 1954 | Xinjiang | Kyrgyz | 28.32 | 27.32 | Uyghur | 63.98 | 64.68 | 6.41 | 6.78 | 539,849 |
| Liangshan Prefecture | 1952 | Sichuan | Yi | 44.43 | 49.13 | Tibetan | 1.49 | 1.39 | 51.97 | 47.55 | 4,789,421 |
| Linxia Prefecture | 1956 | Gansu | Hui | 31.59 | Dongxiang | 25.99 | 39.70 | 2,103,259 | |||
| Ngawa Prefecture | 1953 | Sichuan | Tibetan | 53.72 | 54.50 | Qiang* | 18.28 | 17.58 | 24.69 | 24.56 | 898,846 |
| Nujiang Prefecture | 1954 | Yunnan | Lisu | 47.13 | 48.21 | Bai | 26.97 | 26.04 | 13.13 | 12.35 | 520,765 |
| Qiandongnan Prefecture | 1956 | Guizhou | Miao | 41.48 | 41.57 | Dong* | 31.40 | 29.02 | 19.3 | 21.73 | 4,535,015 |
| Qiannan Prefecture | 1956 | Guizhou | Buyei | 32.46 | 31.22 | Miao* | 13.37 | 12.69 | 43.37 | 44.84 | 4,037,887 |
| Qianxinan Prefecture | 1982 | Guizhou | Buyei | 30.04 | 27.56 | Miao* | 7.51 | 7.08 | 57.53 | 60.62 | 3,398,147 |
| Wenshan Prefecture | 1958 | Yunnan | Miao | 12.94 | 13.68 | Zhuang* | 30.04 | 29.20 | 41.99 | 42.69 | 3,703,008 |
| Xiangxi Prefecture | 1957 | Hunan | Tujia | 42.73 | Miao* | 33.85 | 22.85 | 2,547,833 | |||
| Xishuangbanna (Sibsongbanna) Prefecture | 1953 | Yunnan | Dai | 29.89 | 27.89 | Hani | 18.73 | 19.01 | 29.11 | 30.03 | 942,844 |
| Yanbian Prefecture | 1952 | Jilin | Korean | 36.26 | 32.45 | Manchu | 2.58 | 2.52 | 60.70 | 64.55 | 2,190,763 |
| Yushu Prefecture | 1951 | Qinghai | Tibetan | 96.49 | Hui | 0.22 | 3.09 | 373,427 | |||
Former autonomous prefectures of China
edit- Hainan Li and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(1952–1988) inGuangdong,abolished because of the establishment of Hainan Province.
- Hedong Hui Autonomous Prefecture(1954–1955) inGansu,later changed name asWuzhong Hui Autonomous Prefecture(1955–1958), abolished because of the establishment of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
- Xihaigu Hui Autonomous Prefecture(1953–1955) inGansu,later changed name asGuyuan Hui Autonomous Prefecture(1955–1958), abolished because of the establishment of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
- Guixi Zhuang Autonomous Prefecture (sub-provincial level, 1953–1955) in Guangxi Province, abolished because of the establishment of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
- Bayinhot Mongol Autonomous Prefecture (1954–1956) inGansu,included today'sDengkou CountyandAlxa League.The autonomy abolished after it merged intoInner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Administrative prefecture level units with a population of 30% or more of ethnic minorities
edit- Excluding prefecture level units of autonomous regions in 2000.
- Hebei:Chengde(Han - 55.32%, Manchu - 39.87%)
- Liaoning:Benxi(Han - 66.84%, Manchu - 30.22%),Dandong(Han - 64.11%, Manchu - 32.99%)
- Hunan:Zhangjiajie(Tujia - 68.40%, Han - 22.81%),Huaihua(Han - 61.33%, Dong - 17.42%, Miao - 15.63%)
- Guizhou:Anshun(Han - 61.6%, Buyei - 16.92%, Miao - 14.27%),Tongren(Tujia - 37.81%, Han - 31.76%, Miao - 14.87%, Dong - 11.41%)
- Yunnan:Yuxi(Han - 68,18%, Yi - 19,32%),Pu'er(Han - 40,92%, Hani - 16,98%, Yi - 16.58%, Lahu - 11.47%),Lijiang(Han - 42.71%, Nakhi 20.51%, Yi - 18.68%, Lisu - 9.62%),Lincang(Han - 61.22%, Dai - 15.77%, Lahu and Va - 9.76%)
- Qinghai:Haidong(Han - 56.33%, Hui - 20.38%, Tibetan - 9.2%, Tu - 8.06%)
See also
edit- List of prefecture-level divisions of China
- TusiNative Chieftain System
- Autonomous regions of China