Wikipedia

BBC Four

"BBC4" redirects here. For the BBC radio stations, seeBBC Radio 4andBBC Radio 4 Extra.
Not to be confused withChannel 4.

BBC Fouris a Britishfree-to-airpublic broadcasttelevision channelowned and operated by theBBC.It was launched on 2 March 2002[1]and shows a wide variety of programmes including arts, documentaries, music, international film and drama, and current affairs.[2]It is required by its licence to air at least 100 hours of new arts and music programmes, 110 hours of new factual programmes, and to premiere twenty foreign films each year.[3][4]The channel broadcasts daily from 7:00 pm to 4:00 am, timesharing withCBeebies(which starts at 6:00 am).[5]

BBC Four
Logo used since 2021
CountryUnited Kingdom
Broadcast area
NetworkBBC Television
HeadquartersLondon, England
Programming
Language(s)English
Picture format1080i/1080p[a]HDTV
(downscaled to576ifor theSDTVfeed)
Ownership
OwnerBBC
Sister channelsBBC One
BBC Two
BBC Three
BBC News
BBC Parliament
CBBC
CBeebies
BBC Scotland
BBC Alba
History
Launched2 March 2002;22 years ago(2002-03-02)
ReplacedBBC Knowledge
Links
WebsiteBBC Four
Availability
Terrestrial
Freeview(UK)Channel 9 (SD; 24 in Scot)
Channel 106 (HD)
Streaming media
BBC iPlayerWatch live(UK only)
Virgin TV AnywhereWatch live(Ireland only)

History

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Logo used from 2002 to 2021

BBC Four launched on 2 March 2002 at 7:00 pmGMT,having been delayed from the original planned 2001 launch. BBC Four began as a late schedule for BBC Two, before it received its own channel, along withBBC Three.BBC Four was launched before BBC Three as a result of the government delaying approval for the latter. The channel replacedBBC Knowledge,an educational and cultural channel that had undergone many changes throughout its lifetime; in its final format it carried a schedule of documentaries and art programming, essentially a test of the new BBC Four schedule. It was rebranded as part of BBC Four, aligning it with the existing BBC One and Two brands. Planning for the new channel, along with the newBBC Three,had been in progress since October 2000; however, the incumbent government delayed approving the new BBC digital plans. The BBC Four plans were approved earlier, and as a result launched before BBC Three.

BBC Four was different from the old BBC Knowledge: the channel would be more heavily promoted with more new and original programming and the channel would not be broadcast 24 hours a day. This was because on theFreeviewdigital terrestrialplatform, BBC Four is broadcast in astatistically multiplexedstream in Multiplex B that timeshares with theCBeebieschannel (which is on air from 06:00 until 19:00). As a result, BBC Four broadcasts from 19:00 to around 04:00 each night, with an hour's down-time and promotions for CBeebies before the start of that channel's schedule.

On 12 May 2011, BBC Four was added to the SkyEPGin the Republic of Ireland on channel 230. It later moved to EPG 211 to free up space for new channels.[6]It later moved to channel 143 on 1 May 2018 to sit beside theNorthern Irishversions ofBBC OneandBBC Twothere, and the 200s being used for +1 channels.[7]

On 17 August 2018, BBC Four announced BBC 4.1, a special two nights of programming which would revolve aroundartificial intelligence(AI) selecting the programmes broadcast on the channel, based on "what BBC Four audiences might like, based on the channel's previous schedules and programme attributes." It would then "[rank] programmes it thought were most relevant [to what BBC Four viewers would like]."[8]The programming was aired on the nights of 4 and 5 September 2018.[9]This included a few special programmes about AI,[10]such as "Made by Machine: When AI Met The Archive", which documented how the AI works,[8]and "The Joy of AI", where "the emergence of machine learning" is discussed, as well as "why [AI] shouldn't spook us".[11][12]

On 19 February 2019, Virgin Media stopped providing BBC Four in standard definition.[13]

Due to the launch ofBBC Scotlandon 24 February 2019, BBC Four has been on a higherFreeviewEPG number in Scotland than elsewhere, moving to 82 to make room for BBC Scotland. Following eventual closures, it moved to channel 75 there, and later to channel 68, and eventually channel 55.[14]On 4 November 2020, due toOfcomproposals regarding certain PSB channels requiring greater prominence on each UK TV provider's channel listing, BBC Four moved to channel 24 in Scotland, while every channel fromthat number(ITV4) tochannel 54(5Select) moved up one place.[15]

In May 2020, the BBC submitted its annual general plan for 2020–21, which included a proposal for BBC Two to supplant BBC Four as its main outlet for specialist programmes. Under the plan, BBC Four would cease originating new programmes, and become a service showcasing the BBC's "rich archive". The plan also included the possibility of the BBC expanding BBC Four into a global brand, to "[take] our strengths in specialist factual to the world stage."[16][17][18]

On 26 May 2022, the BBC announced plans to discontinue BBC Four as a broadcast channel within "the next few years", as part of plans to streamline and modify services to create a "digital-first" BBC.[19][20][21]In March 2023, it was reported that the BBC was considering a reversal of the decision, citing its viewership and low cost of operation, and concerns that the relaunch of BBC Three as a linear channel had not been successful: the aforementioned cuts to original programming had reduced its budget by half in comparison to 2017, and the channel's reach in February 2023 was 15.8 million—which was 50% higher than BBC Three in the same month.[22]

Organisation

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The channel direction is determined by the channel's remit, set by royal charter and the corporation's governing body (theBBC Board), and by the channel controller. In October 2013, following the departure of Richard Klein from the controllership, the management of the channel changed, with the role of Controller of BBC Four scrapped: from this point the Controller of BBC Two would have ultimate oversight of BBC Four as part of their role, absorbing some of the former duties of the Controller of BBC Four, but a new 'Channel Editor' post, reporting up to this controller, would be created to take day-to-day charge of Four. The controllers of BBC Four from 2002 to 2016 have been:

  • 2002–2004:Roly Keating
  • 2004–2008:Janice Hadlow[23]
  • 2008–2013:Richard Klein[24]
  • 2013–2014:Janice Hadlow(as Controller of BBC Two and BBC Four) "on an interim basis"[25]– Hadlow had been Controller of BBC Two since departing BBC Four in 2008
  • Early 2014: Adam Barker (interim Controller of BBC Two and BBC Four following Janice Hadlow's departure to a new post)[26]
  • 2014–2016:Kim Shillinglaw(as Controller of BBC Two and BBC Four)[27]

Channel Editors of BBC Four have been:

  • 2013–present: Cassian Harrison[28]

As of 2011,BBC Four had an annual budget of £54.3 million.[3]

On 20 January 2016, Kim Shillinglaw announced that she had decided to leave the BBC as the Controller ofBBC Twoand BBC Four. As a result of the reorganisation, the post of BBC Two and Four control had closed after her departure later that year.[29]

BBC Four HD

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BBC Four HD logo (2013–2021)

On 16 July 2013, the BBC announced that ahigh-definition(HD)simulcastof BBC Four would be launched by early 2014.[30]The channel launched on 10 December 2013 at 18:58 GMT, and rolled out nationwide up to June 2014 (as didBBC News HD,CBBC HDandCBeebies HD).[31]The channel shares its stream withCBeebies HD,as they both air at different times. In June 2022, BBC Four HD moved from the COM7 multiplex on Freeview to Multiplex B due to the closure of COM7 for spectrum reallocation; this move allows the service to reach nearly the entirety of the UK.[32][33]

Prior to launch, the majority of BBC Four's HD output was broadcast on theBBC HDchannel, before its closure on 26 March 2013. In 2017, BBC Four HD, along with CBBC HD and CBeebies HD, launched in Ireland.

Programming

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Main article:List of television programmes broadcast by the BBC

BBC Four's primary role is to reflect a range of UK and international arts, music and culture. It should provide an ambitious range of innovative, high quality programming that is intellectually and culturally enriching, taking an expert and in-depth approach to a wide range of subjects.

— BBC Four Remit
BBC Four share of viewing 2002-2013 BARB figures

The first evening's BBC Four programmes weresimulcastonBBC Two,[1]with the first programme beingThe Man Who Destroyed Everything,a documentary about conceptual artistMichael Landyand his installationBreak Down.[34]BBC Four was also notable for first showingLarry David'sSeinfeldfollow-up,Curb Your Enthusiasm,[35]Armando Iannucci's cuttingpolitical satire,The Thick of It,The Chaser's War on Everything,Flight of the Conchords,Mad MenandDanishthrillerThe Killing.

The channel broadcasts a mixture ofartandsciencedocumentaries,vintagedrama(including many rareblack-and-whiteprogrammes), and non-English-language productions such asfilmsfrom theArtificial Eyecatalogue, the French thrillerSpiraland the Swedish detective seriesWallander.[36]BBC Four further supports foreign-language films with its annualWorld Cinema Awardwhich has been running since 2004.

From the channel's launch in 2002 until the middle of 2020, BBC Four broadcast a global news bulletin on weeknights. Originally this was theBBC Four Newspresented initially byGeorge Alagiah,which ran at 8pm. It was rebranded in January 2004 asThe World,and was axed in May 2007, replaced the following week byWorld News Today,in a new 7pm timeslot. More recently BBC Four moved news programmes to 7pm with a simulcast ofBeyond 100 DaysMonday–Thursday and an edition ofWorld News Todayon Fridays which was produced byBBC World News.As of autumn 2020, BBC Four no longer broadcasts a news bulletin.

It screens a number of documentaries such asThe Century of the SelfandThe Trials of Henry Kissinger.The channel is also home to many political travel shows such asHolidays in the Axis of Evilwhich features investigative journalism.

Dramahas given the channel some of its most popular programmes, withThe Alan Clark Diaries(2003) andKenneth Williams: Fantabulosa!(2006) being among the highest rated, with over 800,000 viewers. The highly acclaimedHattie,broadcast in 2011, holds the record for BBC Four's best ever consolidated ratings, of 2m / 8%.[37]Before thatThe Curse of Steptoebrought the channel its highest audience figures, estimated as 1.41 million viewers, a 7% share of multichannel audiences between 21:00 and 22:05, based on overnight returns.[38]The official audience figures for the broadcast, including time-shifting, were later published as 1,625,000.[39]

Another notable production was a live re-make of the 1953 science-fiction serialThe Quatermass Experiment,adapted from the original scripts into a single, two-hour version (though on the night it underran considerably, lasting less than 1 hour 40 minutes), broadcast on the evening of Saturday 2 April 2005. Discounting BBC Four's previous live relays of theatricalWilliam Shakespeareproductions, this was the first live made-for-television drama to be broadcast by the BBC for twenty years.[citation needed]

Another notable programme broadcast on BBC Four isCharlie Brooker's Screenwipewhich contains reviews of current shows, as well as stories and commentary on how television is produced. The show is presented by broadcasterCharlie Brooker.The show was very successful and spawned several spin-offs such asNewswipe with Charlie Brooker,Charlie Brooker's GameswipeandCharlie Brooker's Weekly Wipe.

The channel is also curator and leader of theBBC Archiveproject whose aim is that the BBC's television archive is re-broadcast as much as appropriate so that the Archive can be enjoyed again and not isolated.[40]

Some output from BBC Four (documentaries rather than foreign films) was for a time repeated on BBC Two in a 'BBC Four on Two' branded area, although this was often in a late night broadcast slot afterNewsnightand has since been discontinued.

According toBARBthe comedy panel gameQIhas the highest ratings of any show on BBC Four.[41]

At theEdinburgh International Television Festival,BBC Four won the Non-Terrestrial Channel of the Year award in 2004, 2006 and 2012.

In 2012Dirk Gentlybecame the first continuing drama series produced for the channel.[42]

During the period when BBC Three was not broadcasting as a linear TV channel, BBC Four was occasionally used to show live sports coverage. The channel aired games from theUEFA Euro 2016and2018 FIFA World Cupfootball tournaments when the final round of matches in the group stages took place (when matches in each group kick-off simultaneously). It has also been used to broadcast England women's football matches, as well as some matches from the2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.It also temporarily extended its broadcast hours to show live action from the2016 Summer Olympics.[43]

As of 2023, BBC Four schedules still feature music programming (such asTop of the PopsandNeil Brand's documentaries) on a Friday night,[44]with drama imports on a Saturday (but not always foreign-language productions like Italian crime dramaInspector Montalbano)[45][46]and usually an hour of 'archive' programmes (such as those byBob Ross[47]andFred Dibnah)[48][49][50]starting off the weekday schedule at 7pm. As well as programmes from the 1980s and 1990s, this early evening slot gives a chance for regional programmes to get a national airing withCy Chadwick'sWalking with...productions andGareth Edwards's Great Welsh Adventure(from BBC Wales) getting a repeat here and then again late night.[51][52]In addition to these programmes, many hour long regional documentaries such as BBC Scotland'sRigs of Nigg,[53][54][55][56][57]about the 1970s North Sea oil drilling platform construction industry based around theCromarty Firth,also received their national debut on the channel.

On 9 April 2021, BBC Four was suspended due to thedeathofPrince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh,in order to preservebandwidthfor the broadcast of news coverage and tribute programming on BBC One and Two.[58][59][60]This was done for the same reasons after thedeath of Elizabeth IIon 8 September 2022.[60][61]

Programmes

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Original programmes

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Imports

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Domestic repeats

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Music concerts

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Music programming

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  • ...at the BBC(an original hour long music compilation usually featuring performances from various BBC TV shows, with bands like ABBA, genres like disco and acts from record labels such as Motown and Island featured)[62][63][64][65]
  • The Old Grey Whistle Test
  • The Sound of Musicals with Neil Brand[66][67](documentary series)
  • The Sound of TV with Neil Brand[68](documentary series)
  • Top of the Pops(episodes repeated each week from BBC One, with the run continuing from 1976 to 1996 as of May 2024)
  • Top of the Pops: The Story of...(an original hour long year-by-year documentary on BBC Four, also shown on BBC Two/UKTV Yesterday in an edited 45 minute version)[69]
  • Top of the Pops: Big Hits(an original hour long year-by-year compilation featuring performances from the show with added on-screen facts, also shown on BBC Two)[70]
  • Top of the Pops: Big Hits 1964 to 1975(a 90-minute version of the Big Hits format featuring early hits from the show, also shown on UKTV's Yesterday channel)[71][72]

Classics (shown in 2007, 2015 and 2022)

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Most watched programmes

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The following is a list of the ten most watched broadcasts on BBC Four since launch, based on Live +7 data supplied byBARB.[73]Number of viewers does not include repeats.

Rank Programme Number of Viewers Date
1 The Jeremy Thorpe Scandal 2,378,000 3 June 2018
2 Threads (1984) 2,300,000 9 October 2024
3 Hattie 2,005,000 19 January 2009
4 The Bridge 1,810,000 21 November 2015
5 Snooker: 2020 World Championship 1,738,500 14 August 2020
6 Detectorists 1,687,000 8 November 2017
7 Roots 1,659,000 8 February 2017
8 The Curse of Steptoe 1,625,000 19 March 2008
9 The Bridge 1,620,000 1 February 2014
10 Detectorists 1,593,000 22 November 2017

Availability outside the UK

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BBC Four is widely available oncable,IPTVand digital satellite television in theRepublic of Ireland,theNetherlands,Belgium,SwitzerlandandLiechtenstein.The channel is registered to broadcast within the European Union/EEA through theLuxembourgBroadcasting Regulator – ALIA.[74][75]

Presentation

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Main articles:BBC Four identsandHistory of BBC television idents

The channel's initial series ofidentswere generateddynamically reflecting the frequenciesof the continuity announcers' voice or of backing music and were designed byLambie-Nairn.As a result, no two idents were ever the same. The first continuity announcer wasZeb Soanes.

When the channel first started airing, it used the slogan "Everybody Needs A Place To Think", but the BBC stopped using this several months after the launch. However the BBC Four logo and above slogan can be found, engraved on benches along theSouth Bankin London, between the London Eye andWaterloo Bridge.

On 10 September 2005, the channel began showing new idents comprising a central BBC Four logo surrounded by four quadrants which show different stages of the same footage thus making for a sort of optical illusion; for example, a swimming pool where a person on an inflatable ring appears in the bottom-left corner, though ripples don't enter the remaining quarters. Although the image appears as one at the start of the ident, by the end it is clearly four separate images. These were the longest-running idents ever used by the BBC - they lasted until the channel's rebrand in 2021, however, the "quadrants" theme continues to this day.

In March 2019, BBC Four added several new idents inspired by "oddly satisfying videos"in tandem with the quadrants theme, originally premiering for a programme season honouring the 30th anniversary of theWorld Wide Web.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^1080p25 sometimes only onFreeview

References

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