Wikipedia

BMW 3 Series (E46)

TheBMW 3 Series (E46)is the fourth generation of theBMW 3 Seriesrange ofcompact executive carsmanufactured by German automakerBMW.Produced from 1997 to 2006, it was the successor to theE36 3 Series,which ceased production in 2000. It was introduced in November 1997, and available insedan,coupé,convertible,station wagonandhatchbackbody styles. The latter has been marketed as the3 Series Compact.

BMW 3 Series (E46)
Overview
ManufacturerBMW
Model codeE46
ProductionDecember 1997 – August 2006
Model years1999–2005 (North America)
Assembly
DesignerChris Bangle,Wolfgang Reitzle(sedan)[5]
Erik Goplen (coupe, convertible, station wagon)[6]
Body and chassis
ClassCompact executive car(D)
Body style
Layout
RelatedBMW M3 (E46)
BMW 3 Series Compact
BMW Z4 (E85)
BMW X3 (E83)
Alpina B3E46
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,725 mm (107.3 in)[7]
Length
  • 4,470 mm (176.0 in) (sedan)
  • 4,480 mm (176.4 in) (wagon)
  • 4,490 mm (176.8 in) (coupe/convertible)
Width
  • 1,740 mm (68.5 in) (sedan/wagon)
  • 1,760–1,780 mm (69.3–70.1 in) (coupe/convertible)
Height
  • 1,410–1,430 mm (55.5–56.3 in) (sedan/wagon)
  • 1,360–1,370 mm (53.5–53.9 in) (coupe/convertible)
Curb weight
  • 1,285–1,655 kg (2,833–3,649 lb) (sedan)[8][9]
  • 1,365–1,785 kg (3,009–3,935 lb) (wagon)[10][7]
  • 1,285–1,555 kg (2,833–3,428 lb) (coupe)[11][12]
  • 1,465–1,635 kg (3,230–3,605 lb) (convertible)
[13][14]
Chronology
PredecessorBMW 3 Series (E36)
SuccessorBMW 3 Series (E90)

TheM3performance model was introduced in June 2000 with a 2-door coupé body style, followed by the convertible counterpart in April 2001. The M3 is powered by theBMW S54straight-six engine with either a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed SMG-II automated manual transmission.[15]

The E46 line-up was phased out starting from late 2004, following the introduction of theE90 3 Seriessedans. However, the E46 coupé and convertible body styles remained in production until August 2006.[16]

Overview

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Development

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Interior

In 1993, the development programme for the E46 began under the lead of chief engineerWolfgang Ziebartand head ofR&DWolfgang Reitzle.[17]In late 1993, design work began under the lead of chief designerChris Bangleand continued into 1995.[18]In May 1995, the general exterior design of the E46 by Erik Goplen ofDesignworksUSAwas approved and as a result DesignworksUSA was contracted by BMW to work alongside BMW Group's in-house design team to create the exterior bodywork for the 3 Series range in February 1996.[19][20][21]The design team put an emphasis on improving aerodynamics and increasing the car's aggressive stance.[20]Design patents were filed in Germany on 16 July 1997[22]and in the US on 16 January 1998.[23]

Chris Bangle and Wolfgang Reitzle were responsible through 1995 for the production sedan's exterior,[24][25]as evident in the 1997 design patent. Production development of the sedan took 24 months following design freeze and was 31 months from executive board styling approval in 1995 to its start of series production in December 1997.[26]Erik Goplen designed the production coupé, convertible and station wagon during between 1996 and 1997. The E46 sedan was unveiled via press release on 11 November 1997 and was launched on the market at the end of April 1998 with customer deliveries.[27]

Chassis

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The body shell of the E46 was claimed by BMW to be 70% more rigid than its E36 predecessor.[28]Aluminium was used for an increased quantity of suspension components, in order to decreaseunsprung mass.[28]However, with a curb weight of 1,450 kg (3,197 lb),[29][30]the E46 328ci is 55 kg (121 lb) heavier than the E36 equivalent.[31][32]

In tune with BMW's core values regardinghandling dynamics,[33]the E46 was initially available with arear-wheel drivelayout and a 50/50weight distribution.[28][34]All-wheel drive,which was last available in the 3 Series in 1991,[35]was reintroduced for the E46 on the 325xi, 330xi and 330xd models.[36][37]

Electronics

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The electronic components in the E46 are more integrated than previous generations of 3 Series, including the use of aCAN bussystem.[38]Drivetrain information (such as engine, transmission and stability control) is communicated using the CAN bus.[39][40]Vehicle electronics (such as the radio, navigation, television and telecommunications) can communicate to each other via the K-bus.[41]

The E46 was the first 3 Series to be available with an engine usingValvetronic(variable valve lift).[42]Various electronic features were also introduced to the 3 Series in the E46 generation, including satellite navigation, electronic brake-force distribution, rain-sensing wipers and LED tail-lights.[43][44][45]

Production and sales

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The E46 was produced in Germany (Leipzig,MunichandRegensburg) and in South Africa (Rosslyn).[46]Local assembly ofcomplete knock-down(CKD) kits was used for cars sold in China, Egypt,[47]Indonesia, Malaysia,[48]Mexico,[49]Thailand[50]and Russia.[51]

The highest selling year for the E46 chassis was 2002, when 561,249 vehicles were sold worldwide.[52]

Body styles

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The body styles of the range are:

  • 4-doorsedan/saloon(E46/4), produced from December 1997 to May 2005 (CKD production continued until December 2005).[53]1,918,984 examples built (includes 54,528 CKD).[54]
  • 2-doorcoupé(E46/2), produced from December 1998 to May 2006. 443,264 examples built.[55]
  • Cabriolet – 2-doorconvertible(E46/2C), produced from December 1999 to November 2006.[56][57]277,146 examples built.[58]
  • Touring – 5-doorwagon/estate(E46/3), produced from January 1999 to May 2005. 428,061 examples built.[59]
  • Compact– 3-doorhatchback(E46/5), produced from April 2000 to December 2004. 199,430 examples built.[60]
  • sedan
  • coupé
  • convertible
  • wagon/estate

3 Series Compact (E46/5)

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3 Series Compact (E46/5)
Main article:BMW 3 Series Compact (E46/5)

The shorter three-door hatchback version of the E46 was marketed as theBMW 3 Series Compact.The exterior styling has several differences to the rest of the E46 3 Series range, notably the distinctive headlights and tail-lights.[61]Mechanically, the Compact shares many elements with the rest of the E46 range, however the steering rack has a faster ratio.[62]

Engines

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Factory specifications are listed below.[63]Coupé and convertible models were badged as "Ci (petrol) or Cd (diesel)", and all-wheel drive models were badged as "Xi (petrol) or Xd (diesel)".

Petrol

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Model Years Engine Power Torque
316i 1999–2001 1.9 LM43B19inline-4 77 kW (103 hp) 165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft)
2001–2004 1.6 LN40B16inline-4 86 kW (115 hp) 150 N⋅m (111 lb⋅ft)
2001–2004 1.8 LN42B18inline-4 85 kW (114 hp) 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft)
2004–2005 1.8 LN46B18inline-4 85 kW (114 hp) 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft)
318i 1998–2001 1.9 LM43B19inline-4 87 kW (117 hp) 180 N⋅m (133 lb⋅ft)
2001–2005 2.0 LN42B20inline-4 105 kW (141 hp) 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft)
2003–2006 2.0 LN46B20inline-4 112 kW (150 hp)[citation needed] 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft)
320i 1998–2000 2.0 LM52TÜB20inline-6 110 kW (148 hp) 190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft)
2000–2006 2.2 LM54B22inline-6 125 kW (168 hp) 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft)
323i 1998–2000 2.5 LM52TÜB25inline-6 126 kW (169 hp) 245 N⋅m (181 lb⋅ft)
325i(EU) 2001–2006 2.5 LM54B25inline-6 141 kW (189 hp) 245 N⋅m (181 lb⋅ft)
325i(US) 137 kW (184 hp) 237 N⋅m (175 lb⋅ft)
328i 1998–2000 2.8 LM52TÜB28inline-6 142 kW (190 hp) 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft)
330i(EU) 2000–2006 3.0 LM54B30inline-6 170 kW (228 hp) 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft)
330i(US) 168 kW (225 hp) 290 N⋅m (214 lb⋅ft)
330i ZHP 2003–2006 175 kW (235 hp) 301 N⋅m (222 lb⋅ft)
M3(EU) 2000–2006 3.2 LS54B32inline-6 252 kW (338 hp) 365 N⋅m (269 lb⋅ft)
M3(US) 248 kW (333 hp) 355 N⋅m (262 lb⋅ft)
M3 CSL 2003–2004 3.2 LS54B32HPinline-6 265 kW (355 hp) 370 N⋅m (273 lb⋅ft)

Diesel

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Model Years Engine Power Torque
318d 2001–2003 2.0 LM47D20inline-4 85 kW (114 hp) 265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft)
2003–2005 2.0 LM47TÜD20inline-4 85 kW (114 hp) 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft)
320d 1998–2001 2.0 LM47D20inline-4 100 kW (134 hp) 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft)
2001–2006 2.0 LM47TÜD20inline-4 110 kW (148 hp) 330 N⋅m (243 lb⋅ft)
330d 1999–2003 3.0 LM57D30inline-6 135 kW (181 hp) 390 N⋅m (288 lb⋅ft)
2003–2005 3.0 LM57TÜD30inline-6 150 kW (201 hp) 410 N⋅m (302 lb⋅ft)

Drivetrain

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Manual transmissions

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Automatic transmissions

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M3

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Main article:E46 M3
E46 M3

The E46 M3 was introduced in October 2000, available with the 3.2-litreS54M-tuned engine. It was offered in coupé and convertible body styles.

The M3's S54 engine has a redline of 8,000 rpm. As with most M engines, the S54 has 6 individualthrottle bodies,in this case electronically operated (drive-by-wire throttle). The transmission options for the M3 were a 6-speed manual or the 6-speed "SMG-II"automated manual transmission.

There was also a lighter and faster M3 CSL model; CSL stands forCoupé Sport Leichtbau( "Coupé Sport Lightweight). Weight was reduced by removing equipment and replacing the roof, door panel, and centre console with carbon fibre pieces.[75]

M3 GTR road car

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Main article:BMW M3 #GTR road car
E46 M3 GTR Straßen Version

In order for the M3 GTR race car to compete in theAmerican Le Mans Series,BMW produced 10 examples of the "M3 GTR Straßen Version" (street version) in 2001.[76]As per the race M3 GTR, the roadgoing Version was powered by theBMW P60B404.0 L V8 engine which was slightly detuned and generated a maximum power output of 283 kW (380 hp) at 7,000 rpm.[77][78]Power was delivered to the rear wheels via a race type 6-speed dual clutch sequential transmission with M locking differential. The engine featureddry sump lubricationas its racing counterpart and bigger radiators.

The stiffer chassis and suspension system were a carryover from the race version. The car was lowered further than a standard M3 and featured additional strut braces between the firewall and strut towers as well as between the right shock towers. The redesigned front and rear fascias and the rear wing optimised aerodynamics.

The roof, the hood, the rear wing and front and rear fascias were made from carbon-fibre in order to reduce weight. Notable changes made to the interior included leatherRecarobucket seats, removal of rear seats and special M3 GTR sill plates.[79]

Alpina models

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Alpina B3
Main article:Alpina

The Alpina "B3 3.3" and "B3 S" were based on the E46 and were powered by inline-six petrol engines.

Special models

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Performance package (ZHP)

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330ci ZHP

The Performance Package was an option sold in North America, which is commonly referred to by its order code in the United States, ZHP (the order code in Canada was ZAM).[80]It was available for 330i sedans from model years 2003 to 2005, and available for 330ci coupés and convertibles from 2004 to 2006.[81]It included various aesthetic changes over the regular 3 series, as well as functional and mechanical enhancements.

The ZHP was equipped with sportiercamshaftsand revised engine tuning to increase power output from 225 to 235 hp (168 to 175 kW) as well as a shorter final drive gear ratio, and a corresponding increase in redline from 6,500 rpm to 6,800 rpm.[81]Suspension was modified over the standard suspension with firmer springs and dampers, larger anti-roll bars, stronger front control arm ball joints, a lower ride height, heavy duty steering rack, and slightly more negativecamber.[82]Car and Drivermagazine track-tested the car, which recorded a 0–60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration time of 5.6 seconds and a 1/4 mile time of 14.3 seconds.[82]

325i SULEV

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BMW M56SULEV inline-six engine

In some parts of the United States, BMW sold a version of the 325i which met thesuper ultra low emission vehicle(SULEV) emissions standards. California, New York, and Massachusetts received the SULEV E46's in 2003, and Vermont in 2004.[83]They utilised a variant of the M54 engine named theBMW M56.[83]The M56 meets SULEV standards, as well as partial zero emission vehicle (PZEV) and zero evaporative emissions requirements.[83]The M56 is claimed to have identical power output as its M54 counterpart.[83]

320Ci/325Ci/330Ci Clubsport

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The Clubsport package was available only for the 320Ci/325Ci/330Ci M-Sport models in 2002 and came in these colours: Estoril Blue, Velvet Blue, Titanium Silver and Carbon Black. The package removed 20 kg insulation materials, added an optional rear M spoiler and two spoiler lips on the front bumper, and chromed exhaust tailpipes. Style 71, M-Double Spoke Split rim wheels were standard while interior equipment included M short gear shift, aluminum or black "Alu-Tech" trims, silver rings on cluster, door sills with "M Clubsport" letters, and an interior finished in half-leather and half-fabric "M Texture" cloth. The Clubsport was offered with the 5/6-Speed manual, 6-Speed SMG, or 5-Speed Steptronic transmissions.

Model year changes

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2000

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2001 facelift

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In September 2001, thefaceliftversions of the sedan and Touring were released for the 2002model year.

  • 325i (M54 engine) replaced 323i (M52TÜ engine).
  • 330i (M54 engine) replaced 328i (M52TÜ engine).
  • 320d engine upgraded from M47 to M47TÜ.
  • Display for navigation system upgraded to widescreen.
  • Sedan and Touring received revised headlights, tail-lights (sedan only), grille, hood, front fenders and front bumpers.
  • Single Xenon headlights for 2001 and in 2002 Xenon were installed for high-beam lamps; Bi-Xenon headlights for 2002.
  • pre-facelift sedan
  • pre-facelift sedan
  • facelift sedan
  • facelift sedan

2003

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In March 2003, thefaceliftversions of the coupe and convertible models (except M3) were released for the 2004model year.

  • Navigation system upgraded to Mark IV version, which is DVD-based.
  • Auxiliary input for sound system became available.
  • SULEVengine option (M56) became available for 325 models with automatic transmission.
  • Manual transmission for 330 models upgraded from 5-speed to 6-speed.
  • Coupes and convertibles received revised headlights, tail-lights (LED), grille, hood and front bumper.
  • Adaptive headlights available for coupé and convertible models
  • 330d engine upgraded from M57 to M57TÜ.
  • pre-facelift coupé (front)
  • pre-facelift coupé (rear)
  • facelift coupé (front)
  • facelift coupé (rear)

Motorsport

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Andy Priaulxwon the2004 European Touring Car Championship seasonand2005 World Touring Car Championship seasonchampionships driving a 320i.[84]Franz Engstlerwon the2006 Asian Touring Car Championship seasonin a 320i.[85]

The E46 has also competed in the British, European and Russian touring car championships.

Year Championship Result
2003 European Touring Car Championship 3
2004 Danish Touringcar Championship 1
2004 European Touring Car Championship 1
2005 Danish Touringcar Championship 1
2005 Italian Superturismo Championship 1
2005 World Touring Car Championship 1
2006 Asian Touring Car Championship 1
2006 British Touring Car Championship 11
2008 European Touring Car Cup 1

In the United States, theNational Auto Sport AssociationandBMW Car Club of America(BMW CCA) organized a "Spec E46" amateur racing series. The Spec E46 cars were built to a standard with limited modifications, to create a level playing field and increased competition between drivers. By mid-2020, Spec E46 had become one of BMW CCA's three largest racing classes.

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