Wikipedia

Ba Jin

Not to be confused withBak Jin.
In thisChinese name,thefamily nameisLi.

Li Yaotang(simplified Chinese:Lý nghiêu đường;traditional Chinese:Lý nghiêu đường;pinyin:Lǐ Yáotáng;25 November 1904 – 17 October 2005), better known by hispen nameBa Jin(Chinese:Ba kim;pinyin:Bā Jīn) or hiscourtesy nameLi Feigan(Chinese:Lý phất cam;pinyin:Lǐ Fèigān), was aChinese anarchist,translator, and writer. In addition to his impact on Chinese literature, he also wrote three original works inEsperanto,[3]and as a political activist he wroteThe Family.

Ba Jin
Ba Jin in 1938
Ba Jin in 1938
BornLi Yaotang[1]/ Li Feigan[2]
(1904-11-25)25 November 1904
Chengdu,Sichuan,Qing dynasty,China
Died17 October 2005(2005-10-17)(aged 100)
Shanghai,People's Republic of China
Pen nameBa Jin
OccupationNovelist
Notable worksTurbulent Stream:The Family,Spring,andAutumn
Love Trilogy:Fog,Rain,andLightning
Notable awards1983:Legion of Honour
1990:Fukuoka Prize(special prize)
Spouse
Xiao Shan
​
​
(m.1936; died 1972)​
[1]
ChildrenLi Xiaolin
Li Xiao
Ba Jin
ChineseBa kim
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinBā Jīn
Wade–GilesPa1 Chin1
IPA[pá tɕín]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationBāa Gām
JyutpingBaa1 Gam1
IPA[pa˥ kɐm˥]
Southern Min
HokkienPOJPa Kim
Alternative Chinese name
Traditional ChineseLý nghiêu đường
Simplified ChineseLý nghiêu đường
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLǐ Yáotáng
Wade–GilesLi3 Yao2-t'ang2
IPA[lì jǎʊ tʰǎŋ]

Name

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He was born as Li Yaotang,[1]with alternate name Li Feigan or Li Pei Kan (inWade–Giles).[2][4]The first word of his pen name may have been taken from Ba Enbo, his classmate who committed suicide in Paris, which was admitted by himself,[5][6]or from the first syllable of the surname of the Russian anarchistMikhail Bakunin;[7][1]and the last character of which is the Chinese equivalent of the last syllable of Russian anarchistPeter Kropotkin( khắc lỗ phao đặc kim, Ke-lu-pao-te-jin).[8][9][10]

Biography

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On November 25, 1904, Li Yaotang was born in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, into a wealthy Li family. The family's wealth came mainly from the land acquired by his grandfather and father when they were officials, and Li Yaotang sometimes described his family as a "typical landlord's family".[11][12]In 1919, Ba read Kropotkin'sAn Appeal to the Youngand converted to anarchism.[13]

It was partly owing to boredom that Ba Jin began to write his first novel,MiewangDiệt vong( “Destruction” ).[14]In France, Ba Jin continued his anarchist activism, translating many anarchist works, including Kropotkin'sEthics,into Chinese, which was mailed back to Shanghai's anarchist magazines for publication.[15]

During theCultural Revolution,Ba Jin was heavily persecuted as a counter-revolutionary.[1]His wife since 1944, Xiao Shan, died of cancer in 1972.[1]He asked that a Cultural Revolution Museum be set up in 1981.[16]TheShantou Cultural Revolution Museumreferenced the influence of Ba Jin on its establishment through displaying a depiction of his at the entrance[17]as well as a quote of his, "Every town in China should establish a museum about the Cultural Revolution."[18]

Ba Jin's works were heavily influenced by foreign writers, includingÉmile Zola,Ivan Turgenev,Alexander Herzen,Anton Chekhov,andEmma Goldman.[19]

Ba Jin suffered fromParkinson's diseasebeginning in 1983. The illness confined him toHuadong Hospitalin Shanghai from 1998.[2]

Bibliography

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English translations

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  • (1954)Living Amongst Heroes.Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
  • (1958)The Family.(trans. Sidney Shapiro) Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
  • (1959)A battle for life: a full record of how the life of steel worker, Chiu Tsai-kang, was saved in the Shanghai Kwangrze Hospital.Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
  • (1978)Cold Nights(trans. Nathan K. Mao and Liu Ts'un-yan) Hong Kong: Chinese University press.
  • (1984)Random Thoughts(trans. Germie Barm&ecute). Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Company. (Partial translation of Suizianglu)
  • (1988)Selected works of Ba Jin(trans. Sidney Shapiro and Jock Hoe) Beijing: Foreign Language Press. (Includes The Family, Autumn in Spring, Garden of Repose, Bitter Cold Nights)
  • (1999)Ward Four: A Novel of Wartime China(trans. Haili Kong andHoward Goldblatt). San Francisco:China Books and Periodicals,Inc.
  • (2005) "How to Build a Society of Genuine Freedom and Equality" (1921), "Patriotism and the Road to Happiness for the Chinese" (1921) and "Anarchism and the Question of Practice" (1927) inAnarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas,Volume 1: From Anarchy to Anarchism(300CE-1939), ed.Robert Graham.Montreal: Black Rose Books.
  • (2012)Ward Four: A Novel of Wartime China(trans. Howard Goldblatt). San Francisco:China Books and Periodicals,Inc.ISBN9780835100007.

Ba Jin stories in collections

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  • Arzybasheff, M. (1927). "Morning Shadows?" in Tales of the Revolution. Tr. Percy Pinkerton. New York Huebsch.
  • (1927). "Workingman Shevyrev." in Tales of the Revolution, tr. Percy Pinkerton. New York: Huebsch.

Works

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Short story collections
  • Vengeance《 phục cừu 》, 1931
  • Dog《 cẩu 》, 1931
  • Brightness《 quang minh 》, 1932
  • The Electric Chair《 điện y 》, 1933
  • Wiping Cloth《 mạt bố 》, 1933
  • The General《 tương quân 》, 1934
  • Gods, Ghosts and Men《 thần · quỷ · nhân 》, 1935
  • Sinking《 trầm lạc 》, 1936
  • The Story of Hair《 phát đích cố sự 》, 1936
  • Thunder《 lôi 》, 1937
  • Resurrection Grass《 hoàn hồn thảo 》, 1942
  • Little People, Little Events《 tiểu nhân tiểu sự 》, 1943
  • Heroic Tales《 anh hùng đích cố sự 》, 1953
  • Pigs and Chickens《 trư dữ kê 》, 1959
  • Li Da-hai《 lý đại hải 》, 1961
  • Stories Outside the City,1992
Children's literature
  • The Immortality Pagoda《 trường sinh tháp 》, 1937
  • The Pearl and the Jade Concubine《 minh châu hòa ngọc cơ 》, 1957
Novels and novellas
  • Destruction《 diệt vong 》, 1929
  • The Dead Sun《 tử khứ đích thái dương 》, 1931
  • The "Love" Trilogy 《 ái tình đích tam bộ khúc 》 (1931-5)
    • Fog《 vụ 》, 1931
    • Rain《 vũ 》, 1933
    • Lightning《 điện 》, 1935
  • New Life《 tân sinh 》, 1933
  • Miners《 sa đinh 》, 1933
  • Germination《 manh nha 》, 1933
  • A Dream of the Sea《 hải đích mộng 》, 1932
  • Autumn in Spring《 xuân thiên lí đích thu thiên 》, 1932
  • The "Torrents" Trilogy 《 kích lưu tam bộ khúc 》
    • The Family《 gia 》, 1933
    • Spring《 xuân 》, 1938
    • Autumn《 thu 》, 1940
  • Lina《 lợi na 》, 1940
  • Fires《 hỏa 》(in three volumes), 1940–1945
  • Stars《 tinh 》(English-Chinese bilingual), 1941
  • A Garden of Repose《 khế viên 》, novella, 1944
  • Ward No 4《 đệ tứ bệnh thất 》, 1946
  • Cold Nights《 hàn dạ 》, 1947
Autobiography and memoirs
  • Ba Jin: An Autobiography《 ba kim tự truyện 》, 1934
  • I Remember《 ức 》, 1936
  • Thinking Back on Childhood《 đồng niên đích hồi ức 》, 1984
Non-fiction
  • (coauthor)Anarchism and its Practical Problems《 vô chính phủ chủ nghĩa dữ thật tế vấn đề 》, 1927
  • From Capitalism to Anarchism《 tòng tư bổn chủ nghĩa đáo an na kỳ chủ nghĩa 》, 1930
  • A Walk by the Sea《 hải hành 》, 1932
  • Travel Notes《 lữ đồ tùy bút 》, 1934
  • Droplets of Life《 điểm tích 》, 1935
  • Confessions of Living《 sinh chi sám hối 》, 1936
  • Brief Notes《 đoản giản 》, 1937
  • I Accuse《 khống tố 》, 1937
  • Dreaming and Drunkenness《 mộng dữ túy 》, 1938
  • Thoughts and Feelings《 cảm tưởng 》, 1939
  • Black Earth《 hắc thổ 》, 1939
  • Untitled《 vô đề 》, 1941
  • Dragons, Tigers and Dogs《 long · hổ · cẩu 》, 1941
  • Outside the Derelict Garden《 phế viên ngoại 》, 1942
  • Travel Notes《 lữ đồ tạp ký 》, 1946
  • Remembering《 hoài niệm 》, 1947
  • Tragedy of a Still Night《 tĩnh dạ đích bi kịch 》, 1948
  • The Nazi Massacre Factory: Auschwitz《 nạp túy sát nhân công hán — áo tư uy tân 》, 1951
  • Warsaw Festivals: Notes in Poland《 hoa sa thành đích tiết nhật — ba lan tạp ký 》, 1951
  • The Consoling Letter and Others《 úy vấn tín cập kỳ tha 》, 1951
  • Living Amongst Heroes《 sinh hoạt thư cục tại anh hùng môn trung gian 》, 1953
  • They Who Defend Peace《 bảo vệ hòa bình đích nhân môn 》, 1954
  • On Chekhov《 đàm khế hà phu 》, 1955
  • Days of Great Joy《 đại hoan nhạc đích nhật tử 》, 1957
  • Strong Warriors《 kiên cường đích chiến sĩ 》, 1957
  • A Battle for Life《— tràng vãn cứu sinh mệnh đích chiến đấu 》, 1958
  • New Voices: A Collection《 tân thanh tập 》, 1959
  • Friendship: A Collection《 hữu nghị tập 》, 1959
  • Eulogies: A Collection《 tán ca tập 》, 1960
  • Feelings I Can't Express《 khuynh thổ bất tẫn đích cảm tình 》, 1963
  • Lovely by the Bridge《 hiền lương kiều bạn 》, 1964
  • Travels to Dazhai《 đại trại hành 》, 1965
  • Ba Jin: New Writings,1978–1980
  • Smorching Smoke《 yên hỏa tập 》, 1979
  • Random Thoughts《 tùy tưởng lục 》, 1978–86
  • Thinking Back on Writing《 sang tác hồi ức lục 》 1981
  • Exploration and Memories《 tham tác dữ hồi ức 》, 1982
  • Afterwords: A Collection《 tự bạt tập 》, 1982
  • Remembrance: A Collection《 ức niệm tập 》, 1982
  • Ba Jin: On Writing《 ba kim luận sang tác 》, 1983
  • Literature: Recollections(withLao She) 《 văn học hồi ức lục 》 1983
  • To Earth to Dust《 nguyện hóa nê thổ 》, 1984
  • I Accuse: A Collection《 khống tố tập 》, 1985
  • In My Heart《 tâm lí thoại 》, 1986
  • Ten Years, One Dream《 thập niên nhất mộng 》, 1986
  • More Thoughts《 tái tư lục 》, 1995
Letters
  • To Our Young Friends Looking for Aspirations《 tầm trảo lý tưởng đích thiếu niên bằng hữu 》, 1987
  • The Collection of the Snow and Mud – All the Remaining Letters Written by Ba Jin toYang Yi《 tuyết nê tập 》, 1987
  • Collected Letters of Ba Jin《 ba kim thư tín tập 》, 1991
Others

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcdef"Obituary: Ba Jin, Chinese novelist and anarchist".The New York Times.17 October 2005.Archivedfrom the original on 23 August 2021.Retrieved23 August2021.
  2. ^abcGittings, John (18 October 2005)."Ba Jin (Obituary)".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 30 July 2016.Retrieved23 August2021.
  3. ^Geoffrey Sutton,Concise Encyclopedia of theOriginal Literature of EsperantoArchived2021-02-02 at theWayback Machine,p. 180, Ed. Mondial, New York,ISBN978-1-59569-090-6
  4. ^Van der Walt, Lucien; Schmidt, Michael (2009).Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism.AK Press. p.20.ISBN9781904859161.
  5. ^Gandini, Jean-Jacques (1995)."Ba Jin revisité [Destruction et A la mémoire de Ba Jin traduits et présentés par Angel Pino et Isabelle Rabut]".Perspectives Chinoises(in French).31(1): 69–71.Archivedfrom the original on 25 June 2021.Retrieved17 June2021.que Ba était un hommage à un camarade de classe, Ba Enbo, rencontré lors de son séjour en France en 1927 et dont il apprit......
  6. ^"Pa Kin, grande figure de la littérature chinoise du XXe siècle".Le Monde(in French). 2005-10-18.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-06-24.Retrieved17 June2021.le "Pa" n'a rien à voir avec Bakounine (prononcé en chinois Pa-ku-ning), mais s'inspire d'un certain Pa Enbo, un ami chinois de Château-Thierry qui s'était suicidé en se jetant dans une rivière.
  7. ^Many sources claim it comes from the Chinese transliteration ofMikhail Bakunin,and he refused to admit because of communists' harsh condemnation of Bakunin, who was an open rival of Marx. See:Rapp, John A.; Youd, Daniel M. (2015-04-03)."Ba Jin as Anarchist Critic of Marxism: Guest Editors' Introduction".Contemporary Chinese Thought.46(2): 3–21.doi:10.1080/10971467.2015.1003017.S2CID143212159.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-06-24.Retrieved17 June2021.
  8. ^Rapp, John A.; Youd, Daniel M. (2015-04-03)."Ba Jin as Anarchist Critic of Marxism: Guest Editors' Introduction".Contemporary Chinese Thought.46(2): 3–21.doi:10.1080/10971467.2015.1003017.S2CID143212159.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-06-24.Retrieved17 June2021.......from the name for Peter Kropotkin (Ke-lu-pao-te-jin).
  9. ^"Ba Jin".Encyclopedia Britannica.Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2021.Retrieved17 June2021.
  10. ^"Obituary: Ba Jin".the Guardian.2005-10-18.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-07-30.Retrieved17 June2021.
  11. ^Lang, Olga (1967).Pa Chin And His Writings: Chinese Youth Between The Two Revolutions.Harvard University Press.p. 7.ISBN9780674650503.
  12. ^Kong, Haili (5 June 2012)."Disease and Humanity: Ba Jin and His Ward Four: A Wartime Novel of China".Frontiers of Literary Studies in China.6(2): 199.doi:10.3868/s010-001-012-0012-8.Retrieved5 October2023.
  13. ^Ng, Mau Sang (1981)."Ba Jin and Russian Literature".Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR).3(1): 69.doi:10.2307/495337.ISSN0161-9705.JSTOR495337.Retrieved20 February2023.
  14. ^Jaroslav Průšekand Zbigniew Słupski, eds., Dictionary of Oriental Literatures: East Asia (Charles Tuttle, 1978): 135-136.
  15. ^See Angel Pino, “Ba Jin as Translator,” tr. Ian MacCabe, in Peng Hsiao-yen & Isabelle Rabut (eds.),Modern China and the West: Translation and Cultural Mediation.Leiden-Boston: Brill, “East Asian Comparative Literature and Culture” (2), 2014, 28-105.
  16. ^Sippel, Nana (18 May 2017).""Mystifizierung der Kulturrevolution" (Interview with Nora Sausmikat) "(in German).de:Gerda Henkel Stiftung.Archivedfrom the original on 14 August 2020.Retrieved28 August2021.
  17. ^Li, Jie (2020).Utopian Ruins: A Memorial Museum of the Mao Era.Duke University Press. p. 231.ISBN978-147-801-018-0.
  18. ^Coonan, Clifford (27 June 2005)."Shining a light on Mao's dark era".The Irish Times.Archivedfrom the original on 9 April 2022.Retrieved23 August2021.
  19. ^He described Goldman as his "spiritual mother", and dedicatedThe Generalto her. See Preface,The General,and Olga Lang,Pa Chin and His Writings: Chinese Youth Between the Wars(Harvard University Press, 1967).

Further reading

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  • Ayers, W. (1950). "Shanghai Labor and the May Thirtieth Movement,"Papers on China,5:1-38. Harvard University, East Asian Research Center.
  • Bao-Puo. (1925). "The Anarchist Movement in China: From a Letter of a Chinese Comrade." Tr. from the Russian, in Freedom. 39.423:4.
  • (1953). "The Society for Literary Studies, 1921-1930."Papers on China.7:34-79. Harvard University, East Asian Research Center.
  • Chen, Chang; Liu, Tianyi; Chen, Sihe, eds. (19 September 2023).Routledge Companion to Ba Jin.Routledge.doi:10.4324/9781003432531.ISBN978-1-003-43253-1.
  • Chen Tan-chen. (1963). "Pa Chin the Novelist: An Interview."Chinese Literature.6:84-92.
  • Ch'en Chia-ai character. "Chung-kuo li-shih shang chih an-na-ch'i-chu -i che character (Anarchists in Chinese history); in K'o-lu-p'ao-t'e-chin hsueh-shuo kai-yao. pp. 379-410.
  • Hsin ch'ing-nien (1908). "Chinese Anarchist in Tokyo,"Freedom,22.23:52.
  • Mao, Nathan K.Pa Chin.Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1978.
  • Martin, H. and J. Kinkley, eds. (1992) Modern Chinese writers: self-portrayals. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Pino, Angel, “Ba Jin and the ‘Arshinov Platform’”.libcom.org
  • Pino, Angel, “Ba Jin as Translator,” tr. Ian MacCabe, in Peng Hsiao-yen & Isabelle Rabut (eds.),Modern China and the West: Translation and Cultural Mediation.Leiden-Boston: Brill, “East Asian Comparative Literature and Culture” (2), 2014, 28-105.
  • Pino, Angel; Jean Jacques Gandini (Introductionà; Paul Sharkey (Traduction) (10 March 2013).Ba Jin On Anarchism and Terrorism.ChristieBooks.
  • Razak, Dzulkifli Abdul (Oct. 30, 2005). "Leaving behind their legacies".New Straits Times,p. F9.
  • RenditionsAutumn 1992. No. 38. "Special issue on Twentieth Century Memoirs. Reminiscences by well-known literary figures, including Zhu Ziqing, Ba Jin, Lao She and Wang Xiyan."
  • Revered Chinese Novelist Ba Jin, 100,The Washington Post17 October, 2009.

Films

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  • Return from Silence: Five prominent and controversial Chinese writers speak on their roles in the modernization of China.(1 hour video cassette available) — The life and work of five esteemed Chinese writers whose modern classics shaped China's past: Ba Jin, Mao Dun, Ding Ling, Cao Yu, and Ai Qing. Produced by Chung-wen Shih, George Washington University, 1982.
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