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Barry Barish

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Barry Clark Barish(born January 27, 1936) is an Americanexperimental physicistandNobel Laureate.He is a Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus atCalifornia Institute of Technologyand a leading expert ongravitational waves.

Barry Barish
Barish in 2005
Born
Barry Clark Barish

(1936-01-27)January 27, 1936(age 88)
Omaha, Nebraska,U.S.
EducationUniversity of California, Berkeley(BA,PhD)
SpouseSamoan Barish
Children2
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsUniversity of California, Riverside
Stony Brook University
California Institute of Technology
Sapienza University of Rome
ThesisA study of the reaction negative pion plus proton going to negative pion plus neutral pion plus proton at 310 and 377 MEV(1962)
Doctoral advisorA. Carl Helmholz
Doctoral studentsKate Scholberg

In 2017, Barish was awarded theNobel Prize in Physicsalong withRainer WeissandKip Thorne"for decisive contributions to theLIGO detectorand the observation of gravitational waves ".[1][2][3][4]He said, "I didn't know if I would succeed. I was afraid I would fail, but because I tried, I had a breakthrough."[5]

In 2018, he joined the faculty atUniversity of California, Riverside,becoming the university's second Nobel Prize winner on the faculty.[6]

In the fall of 2023, he joinedStony Brook Universityas the inaugural President’s Distinguished Endowed Chair in Physics.[7]

In 2023, Barish was awarded theNational Medal of SciencebyPresident Bidenin a White House ceremony.[8]

Birth and education

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Barish was born inOmaha, Nebraska,the son of Lee and Harold Barish.[9]His parents' families wereJewishimmigrants from a part of Poland that is now in Belarus.[10][11]Just afterWorld War II,the family moved toLos FelizinLos Angeles.He attendedJohn Marshall High Schooland other schools.[12]

He earned aB.A.degree in physics (1957) and aPh.D.degree in experimental high energy physics (1962) at theUniversity of California, Berkeley.[13]He joinedCaltechin 1963 as part of a new experimental effort in particle physics using frontier particle accelerators at the national laboratories. From 1963 to 1966, he was a research fellow, and from 1966 to 1991 an assistant professor, associate professor, and professor of physics. From 1991 to 2005, he became Linde Professor of Physics, and after that Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus.[14]From 1984 to 1996, he was the principal investigator of Caltech High Energy Physics Group.

Research

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Firstly, Barish's experiments were performed atFermilabusing high-energy neutrino collisions to reveal the quark substructure of the nucleon.[15]Among others, these experiments were the first to observe a current that was weak and neutral, a linchpin of the electroweak unification theories of Salam, Glashow, and Weinberg.[16]

In the 1980s, he directedMACRO,an experiment in a cave inGran Sasso,Italy,that searched for exotic particles calledmagnetic monopolesand also studied penetratingcosmic rays,includingneutrinomeasurements that provided important confirmatory evidence that neutrinos have mass and oscillate.[17]

In 1991, Barish was named the Maxine and Ronald Linde Professor of Physics at Caltech.

In the early 1990s, he spearheaded GEM (Gammas, Electrons, Muons), an experiment that would have run at theSuperconducting Super Colliderwhich was approved after the former project L* led bySamuel Ting(and Barish as chairman of collaboration board) was rejected by SSC directorRoy Schwitters.[17][18]Barish was GEM spokesperson.

Barish became the principal investigator of theLaser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory(LIGO) in 1994 and director in 1997. He led the effort through the approval of funding by the NSF National Science Board in 1994, the construction and commissioning of the LIGO interferometers in Livingston, LA and Hanford, WA in 1997. He created theLIGO Scientific Collaboration,which now numbers more than 1000 collaborators worldwide to carry out the science.

The initial LIGO detectors reached design sensitivity and set many limits on astrophysical sources. The Advanced LIGO proposal was developed while Barish was director, and he has continued to play a leading role in LIGO and Advanced LIGO. Thefirst detection of the merger of two 30 solar mass black holeswas made on September 14, 2015.[19]This represented the first direct detection of gravitational waves since they were predicted by Einstein in 1916 and the first ever observation of the merger of a pair of black holes. Barish delivered the first presentation on this discovery to a scientific audience at CERN on February 11, 2016,[20]simultaneously with the public announcement.[21]

From 2001 to 2002, Barish served as co-chair of theHigh Energy Physics Advisory Panelsubpanel that developed a long-range plan[22]for U.S. high energy physics. He has chaired the Commission of Particles and Fields and the U.S. Liaison committee to theInternational Union of Pure and Applied Physics(IUPAP). In 2002, he chaired the NRC Board of Physics and Astronomy Neutrino Facilities Assessment Committee Report, "Neutrinos and Beyond".

From 2005 to 2013, Barish was director of theGlobal Design Effort[23]for the International Linear Collider (ILC).[24]The ILC is the highest priority future project for particle physics worldwide, as it promises to complement theLarge Hadron CollideratCERNin exploring the TeV energy scale. This ambitious effort is being uniquely coordinated worldwide, representing a major step in international collaborations going from conception to design to implementation for large scale projects in physics.

Honors and awards

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Barry C. Barish at Nobel Prize press conference in Stockholm, Sweden (December 2017)

In 2002, he received theKlopsteg Memorial Award[25]of the American Association of Physics Teachers. Barish was honored by theUniversity of Bologna(2006)[26]andUniversity of Florida( 2007) where he received honorary doctorates. In 2007, delivered theVan Vleck lectures[27]at theUniversity of Minnesota.The University of Glasgow honored Barish with an honorary degree of science in 2013.

Barish was honored as aTitan of Physicsin theOn the Shoulders of Giants[28]series at the 2016World Science Festival.

In 2016, Barish received theEnrico Fermi Prize"for his fundamental contributions to the formation of the LIGO and LIGO-Virgo scientific collaborations and for his role in addressing challenging technological and scientific aspects whose solution led to the first detection of gravitational waves".[29]

Barish was a recipient of the 2016Smithsonianmagazine's American Ingenuity Award in the Physical Science category.[30]

Barish was awarded the 2017Henry Draper Medalfrom theNational Academy of Sciences"for his visionary and pivotal leadership role, scientific guidance, and novel instrument design during the development of LIGO that were crucial for LIGO's discovery of gravitational waves from colliding black holes, thus directly validating Einstein's 100-year-old prediction of gravitational waves and ushering a new field of gravitational wave astronomy."[31]

Barish was a recipient of the 2017 Giuseppe and Vanna Cocconi Prize[32]of theEuropean Physical Societyfor his "pioneering and leading role in the LIGO observatory that led to the direct detection of gravitational waves, opening a new window to the Universe."

Barish was a recipient of the 2017Princess of Asturias Awardfor his work on gravitational waves (jointly withKip ThorneandRainer Weiss).[33]

Barish was a recipient of the 2017 Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award[34]for his leadership in the construction and initial operations of LIGO, the creation of the international LIGO Scientific Collaboration, and for the successful conversion of LIGO from small science executed by a few research groups into big science that involved large collaborations and major infrastructures, which eventually enabled gravitational-wave detection "(jointly withKip ThorneandRainer Weiss).[35]

In 2017, he won theNobel Prize in Physics(jointly withRainer WeissandKip Thorne) "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves".[1]

In 2018, Barish was honored as the Alumnus of the year by theUniversity of California, Berkeley.[36]

In 2018, he received an honorary doctorate atSouthern Methodist University.[37]

In 2018, he was conferred the Honorary Degree Doctor Honoris Causa ofSofia UniversitySt. Kliment Ohridski[38]

In 2023, he was awarded the inaugural the Copernicus Prize, bestowed by the government of Poland on “those who made exceptional contributions to the development of world science.”[39]

In 2023, he was awarded theNational Medal of Science[8]for “exemplary service to science, including groundbreaking research on sub-atomic particles. His leadership of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory led to the first detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes, confirming a key part of Einstein's Theory of Relativity. He has broadened our understanding of the universe and our Nation's sense of wonder and discovery.”[40]

Barish has been elected to and held fellowship at the following organizations:

Family

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Barry Barish is married to Samoan Barish. They have two children, Stephanie Barish andKenneth Barish,professor and chair of Physics & Astronomy atUniversity of California, Riverside,[42]and three grandchildren, Milo Barish Chamberlin, Thea Chamberlin, and Ariel Barish.[43]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ab"The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017".The Nobel Foundation. October 3, 2017.RetrievedOctober 3,2017.
  2. ^Rincon, Paul; Amos, Jonathan (October 3, 2017)."Einstein's waves win Nobel Prize".BBC News.RetrievedOctober 3,2017.
  3. ^Overbye, Dennis(October 3, 2017)."2017 Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to LIGO Black Hole Researchers".The New York Times.RetrievedOctober 3,2017.
  4. ^Kaiser, David(October 3, 2017)."Learning from Gravitational Waves".The New York Times.RetrievedOctober 3,2017.
  5. ^Barry Barish - Hyde Park Civilizace | Česká televize(in Czech),retrieved2023-08-10
  6. ^"Nobel Laureate Barry Barish Joins UC Riverside Faculty".UCR Today.Retrieved2018-08-27.
  7. ^"Nobel Laureate Barry Barish Appointed Stony Brook University President's Distinguished Endowed Chair in Physics".Stony Brook University News.Retrieved2022-09-06.
  8. ^abHouse, The White (2023-10-24)."President Biden Honors Leading American Scientists, Technologists, and Innovators".The White House.Retrieved2023-10-26.
  9. ^"Harold S Barish," United States Census, 1940 "• FamilySearch".www.familysearch.org.Retrieved3 November2023.
  10. ^"Interview with Shirley K. Cohen"(PDF).Retrieved2017-10-03.
  11. ^"A Small-Town Jewish Family's Rebuke of Car Maker Henry Ford".18 December 2013.RetrievedOctober 3,2017.
  12. ^"Marshall High alumnus wins Nobel Prize in Physics".RetrievedOctober 18,2017.
  13. ^Barish, Barry Clark (1963).A study of the reaction negative pion plus proton going to negative pion plus neutral pion plus proton at 310 and 377 MEV(Ph.D.).University of California, Berkeley.OCLC16727804– viaProQuest.
  14. ^"Barry C. Barish CV 03-16"(PDF).labcit.ligo.caltech.edu.Retrieved3 November2023.
  15. ^"CALTECH HEP NEWS".Caltech. Archived fromthe originalon May 8, 2019.RetrievedOctober 13,2017.
  16. ^"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979".Nobel Foundation.RetrievedOctober 15,2017.
  17. ^abCho, Adrian (2006-05-26). "A Quiet Leader Unites Researchers in Drive for the Next Big Machine".Science.312(5777): 1128–1129.doi:10.1126/science.312.5777.1128.ISSN0036-8075.PMID16728609.S2CID40105741.
  18. ^Michael Riordan;Lillian Hoddeson;Adrienne W. Kolb(November 20, 2015).Tunnel Visions: The Rise and Fall of the Superconducting Super Collider.University of Chicago Press. pp. 157–.ISBN978-0-226-29479-7.
  19. ^Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger,PhysRevLett.116.061102.
  20. ^"New results on the Search for Gravitational Waves".CERN. Archived fromthe originalon October 12, 2017.RetrievedOctober 15,2017.
  21. ^"New results on the Search for Gravitational Waves".February 11, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 12, 2017.RetrievedOctober 3,2017.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  22. ^"Subpanel on Long Range Planning for US HEP"(PDF).Office of Science.
  23. ^"ILC Global Design Effort".LinearCollider.org. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-02-13.Retrieved2013-02-11.
  24. ^"Barry Barish to lead International Linear Collider design".Interactions.org. 20 March 2005.
  25. ^"Klopsteg Memorial Lecture Award".American Association of Physics Teachers. 2017.RetrievedDecember 14,2017.
  26. ^"University of Bologna".ILC Newsline. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-10-15.Retrieved2013-02-11.
  27. ^"Van Vleck Lectures".University of Minnesota. 15 April 2024.
  28. ^"On the Shoulders of Giants".World Science Festival.
  29. ^"2016 Enrico Fermi Prize".Società Italiana di Fisica.
  30. ^"2016 American Ingenuity Awards".Smithsonian Magazine.
  31. ^"2017 Henry Draper Medal".National Academy of Sciences.
  32. ^"The Giuseppe and Vanna Cocconi Prize".European Physical Society.
  33. ^Tecnologías, Developed with webControl CMS by Intermark."The Princess of Asturias Foundation".www.fpa.es.RetrievedOctober 3,2017.
  34. ^"2017 Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award Announcement".Archived fromthe originalon September 2, 2017.RetrievedDecember 14,2017.
  35. ^"Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award".Archived fromthe originalon September 2, 2017.RetrievedOctober 3,2017.
  36. ^"Alumnus of the Year proves Einstein was right".UC Berkeley.
  37. ^"Barry C. Barish, Nobel Prize-Winning Physicist, to Receive Honorary Doctorate From SMU During 103rd Commencement, May 19".Southern Methodist University.
  38. ^"Prof. Barry Barish was awarded the Honorary Title" Doctor Honoris Causa "at Sofia University, Dec 12".Sofia University.
  39. ^"Nobel laureates awarded first Copernican Prizes".Science in Poland.Retrieved2023-10-26.
  40. ^"UCR physicist awarded National Medal of Science".News.Retrieved2023-10-26.
  41. ^"Members Elect Barry Barish as Next APS Vice-President".American Physical Society.RetrievedOctober 29,2017.
  42. ^"UCR Professor's Father Wins Nobel Prize in Physics".UC Riverside.RetrievedOctober 5,2017.
  43. ^"We welcome another new PHENIXian: Ariel Dizon Barish".Brookhaven National Laboratory. Archived fromthe originalon May 3, 2017.RetrievedNovember 18,2017.

Further reading

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