Wikipedia

Berea College

Berea Collegeis aprivateliberal artswork collegeinBerea, Kentucky.Founded in 1855, Berea College was the first college in theSouthern United Statesto becoeducationalandracially integrated.[5]It was integrated from as early as 1866 until 1904, and again after 1954.[6]

Berea College
Official logo of Berea College
MottoGod has made of one blood all peoples of the earth.[1]
TypePrivateliberal artswork college
Established1855;169 years ago(1855)
Academic affiliations
Space-grant
Endowment$1.2 billion[2](2021)
PresidentCheryl L. Nixon
Academic staff
139[3]
Undergraduates1,454[4]
Location
Berea
,
Kentucky
,
United States

37°34′23″N84°17′31″W/ 37.573°N 84.292°W/37.573; -84.292
CampusExurban (140 acres)
ColorsBlue and White
NicknameMountaineers
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division III—HCAC
Websiteberea.edu

The college provides a work-study grant that covers the remaining tuition fees after subtracting the total sum a student received fromPell Grant,other grants, and scholarships.[7][8][9]Berea's primary service region is southernAppalachiabut students come from more than 40 states in theUnited Statesand 70 other countries. Approximately one in three students identify as people of color.

Berea offersbachelor's degreesin 33 majors. It incorporates a mandatory work-study program that requires students to engage in a minimum of 10 hours per week of work for the college.[8]

History

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Founded in 1855 by theabolitionistandAugusta CollegegraduateJohn Gregg Fee(1816–1901), Berea College admitted both black and white students in a fully integratedcurriculum,making it the first non-segregated,coeducationalcollegeinthe Southand one of a handful of institutions of higher learning to admit both male and female students in the mid-19th century.[10]Thecollegebegan as a one-room schoolhouse that also served as a church on Sundays on land that was granted to Fee by politician andabolitionistCassius Marcellus Clay.Fee named the new community after the biblicalBerea.Although the school's first articles of incorporation were adopted in 1859, founder John Gregg Fee and the teachers were forced out of the area by pro-slaverysupporters in that same year.

Fee spent theCivil Waryears raising funds for the school, trying to provide for his family inCincinnati,Ohio,and working atCamp Nelson.He returned afterward to continue his work at Berea. He spent nearly 18 months working mostly at Camp Nelson, where he helped provide facilities for the freedmen and their families, as well as teaching and preaching. He helped get funds for barracks, a hospital, school and church.

An advertisement for Berea College from 1900, placed in aBlack newspaperinMinnesota.

In 1866, Berea's first full year after the war, it had 187 students, 96 Black and 91 white. It began with preparatory classes to ready students for advanced study at the college level. In 1869, the first college students were admitted, and the firstbachelor's degreeswere awarded in 1873. Almost all the private and state colleges in the South were racially segregated. Berea was the main exception untila new state law in 1904forced its segregation.[11]The college challenged the law in state court and further appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court inBerea College v. Kentucky.When the challenge failed, the college had to become a segregated all-white school, but it raised funds to establish theLincoln Institutein 1912 inSimpsonville, Kentucky,to educate Black students.[10]In 1950, when theDay Lawwas amended to allow integration of schools at the college level, Berea promptly resumed its integrated policies.[10]

In 1911 the college restricted students to eating at college owned facilities. A local businessman sued but the Kentucky Court of Appeals upheld a lower court ruling that the college's restriction was legal. (Gott v. Berea College).

In 1925, famed advertiserBruce Barton,a future congressman, sent a letter to 24 wealthy men in America to raise funds for the college. Every single letter was returned with a minimum of $1,000 in donation. DuringWorld War II,Berea was one of 131 colleges nationally that took part in theV-12 Navy College Training Programwhich offered students a path to a navy commission.[12]

Prior to 1968, Berea provided pre-college education in addition to college level curriculum. That year, the elementary and secondary schools (Foundation School) were discontinued in favor of focusing on undergraduate college education.[13]

Presidents

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Name Years as president
1 Henry Fairchild (1869–1889)[10]
2 William Boyd Stewart (1890–1892)
3 William Goodell Frost (1892–1920)
4 William J. Hutchins (1920–1939)
5 Francis S. Hutchins (1939–1967)
6 Willis D. Weatherford (1967–1984)
7 John B. Stephenson (1984–1994)
8 Larry Shinn (1994–2012)
9 Lyle D. Roelofs (2012–2023)[14]
10 Cheryl Nixon (2023–Present)[15]

Source:[16]

Academics

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Draper Building

Berea College offers 33 majors and 39 minors from which its 1,600 students can choose. Students who wish to pursue a field of study that cannot be met through an established Berea College major have the option to submit a proposal for an independent major, provided they meet the criteria in the college catalog's definition of a major. The student must secure independent major advisers (primary and secondary). Its most popular majors, based on 2021 graduates, were:[17]

  • Business Administration and Management (30)
  • Computer and Information Sciences (28)
  • Biology/Biological Sciences (21)
  • Psychology (20)
  • Human Development and Family Studies (19)
  • Mass Communication/Media Studies (16)
  • Engineering Technologies/Technicians (14)
  • Political Science and Government (14)

To ensure every student has access to fully experience a liberal arts education, the college provides significant funding to assist students in studying abroad.[18]Berea students are also eligible to win theThomas J. Watson Fellowship,which provides funding for a year of study abroad following graduation.[19]Like many private colleges, Berea does not enroll students based upon semester hours. Berea College uses a course credit system, which has the following equivalencies:

  • A 0.25 credit course is the equivalent of 1 semester hour.
  • A 0.50 credit course is the equivalent of 2 semester hours.
  • A 0.75 credit course is equivalent to 3 semester hours.
  • A 1.00 credit course is the equivalent to 4 semester hours.[20]

All students are required to attend the college on a full-time basis, which is 3.00 course credits of enrollment, or 12 semester hours. Students must be enrolled in at least 4.00 course credits to be considered for the Dean's list. Enrollment in 4.75 or more course credits requires the approval of the Academic Adviser, and a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.30. There are also optional Summer opportunities to engage in study. Students may take between 1 and 2.25 credits during Summer. One Berea course credit is equivalent to four semester hours (6 quarter hours). Part-time enrollment is not permitted except during Summer term. A cumulativeGPAof 2.0 is required in all majors in order to graduate with a bachelor's degree.

Students are required to attend at least 7 convocation events each semester and receive academic credit. The convocations are designed as a supplement to the curriculum by encouraging educational experience and cultural enrichment. Topics range across academic fields and include lectures, symposia, concerts, and the performing arts. These events are free to Berea College students and open to the public.[21]

Rankings and outcomes

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Academic rankings
Liberal arts
U.S. News & World Report[22]30
Washington Monthly[23]1
National
Forbes[24]453
WSJ/College Pulse[25]231

In 2024,Washington Monthlyranked Berea College 1st in the U.S. among liberal arts colleges based on its contribution to the public good, as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service.[26]The 2022 annual ranking ofU.S. News & World Reportcategorizes Berea as 'more selective' and rates it 30th overall, 1st in "Service Learning," 2nd for "Most Innovative Schools," tied for 13th in "Best Undergraduate Teaching" and tied for 6th in "Top Performers in Social Mobility" among liberal arts colleges in the U.S.[27][28]Kiplinger's Personal Financeplaces Berea 35th in its 2019 ranking of 149 best value liberal arts colleges in the United States.[29]

According 2022 data fromCollege Scorecard,Berea College graduates earn a median salary of $40,000 ten years after their entry into the institution.[30][31]Mathematics majors earn around $18,000, biology $29,000, psychology $35,000, and nursing $57,000.[32]51% of Berea graduates earn higher than a typical high school graduate of the corresponding area.[30]

Scholarships and work program

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Berea College provides all students with full-tuition scholarships and many receive support for room and board as well. Berea College charges no tuition beyond the total amount a student receives in Pell Grant and other grants and scholarships. Every admitted student at Berea College is granted the equivalent of a four-year, full-tuition scholarship that covers the remaining tuition fees after deducting any grants and scholarships the student may have received. Admission to the college is granted only to students who need financial assistance (as determined by theFAFSA); in general, applications are accepted only from those whose family income falls within the bottom 40% of U.S. households. About 75% of the college's incoming class is drawn from the Appalachian region of the South and some adjoining areas, and about 8% are international students. Generally, no more than one student is admitted from a given country in a single year (with the exception of countries in distress such asLiberia). This policy ensures that 70 or more nationalities are usually represented in the student body of Berea College. All international students are admitted on full scholarships with the same regard for financial need as U.S. students.[33]

In order to support its extensive scholarship program, Berea College has one of the largest financial reserves of any American college when measured on a per-student basis. The endowment was $1.6 billion as of June 30, 2021.[34]The base of Berea College's finances is dependent on substantial contributions from alumni and from individuals, foundations, and corporations that support the mission of the college. A solid investment strategy increased the endowment from $150 million (~$361 million in 2023) in 1985 to its current amount.[35]

In 2017 theTax Cuts and Jobs Actenacted an excise tax of 1.4% of endowment incomes that exceed net assets of at least $500,000 per student. Due to the size of Berea's endowment and number of full-time enrolled students, this tax bill would have reduced the number of students it could serve. TheBipartisan Budget Act of 2018provided an exemption for colleges and universities with fewer than 500 tuition-paying students, making Berea College exempt as it provides tuition-free education to all students.[36]

As awork college,Berea has a student work program in which all students work on campus 10 or more hours per week. Berea is one of nine federally recognized work colleges in theUnited Statesand one of two inKentucky(Alice Lloyd Collegebeing the other) to have mandatory work study programs. Employment opportunities range from busing tables at theBoone Tavern Hotel,a historic business owned by the college, to leading campus tours for visitors and prospective students, or making brooms, ceramics and woven items in Student Craft. Other job duties include janitorial labor, building management, resident assistant, teaching assistant, food service, gardening and grounds keeping,information technology,woodworking,and secretarial work. Berea College has helped make thetowna center for quality arts and crafts.[37]

As of 2022, students are paid an hourly wage from $5.60 to $8.60 by the college, based on the WLS ( "Work, Learning, and Service" ) level attached to individual labor positions.[38]The college regularly increases student pay on a yearly basis, but it has never been equivalent to the federal minimum wage in the school's history. Because of the scheduling demands of both an academic requirement and a labor requirement, students are not allowed to work at off-campus jobs.

Christian identity

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Berea was founded by ProtestantChristians.It maintains a Christian identity separate from any particulardenomination.The college's motto, "Godhas made of one blood all peoples of the earth, "is taken fromActs17:26.One General Studies course is focused on Christian faith, as every student is required to take an Understandings of Christianity course. In an effort to be sensitive to the diverse preferences and experiences of students and faculty, these courses are designed to be taught with respect for the unique spiritual journey of each individual, regardless of religious identification.

Library collections

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The Hutchins Library maintains an extensive collection of books, archives, and music pertaining to the history and culture of the Southern Appalachian region. The Southern Appalachian Archives contain organizational records, personal papers, oral histories, and photographs. Included are the papers of theCouncil of the Southern Mountains(1912–1989) and theAppalachian Volunteers(1963–1970).

Student life

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Since 2002, all students at Berea have received laptops that they take with them when they graduate. Students are not required to pay for the computers, though they do provide a small fee to support the technological infrastructure. Students must have a special permit to have a car on campus. Such permits are rarely granted to first- or second-year students.

Since 1875, Berea College celebrates Mountain Day, a holiday set aside to enjoy being together in nature. Students take off from classes for a sunrise hike to the top of the Pinnacle Mountain and engage in games, performances, food, and other festivities.[39]Another unique holiday to Berea College is Labor Day, where the campus takes a break from classes to recognize and celebrate the value of student work. Established in 1921, it has expanded to help students find labor placements for the following academic year and soon-to-be graduates prepare for life after college.[40]

Athletics

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Main article:Berea Mountaineers
College grounds

The Berea athletic teams are called the Mountaineers. The college is a member ofDivision IIIof theNational Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA), and joined theHeartland Collegiate Athletic Conference(HCAC) in July 2024 after two years in theCollegiate Conference of the South(CCS). They were also a member of theUnited States Collegiate Athletic Association(USCAA). The Mountaineers previously competed in theUSA South Athletic Conference(USA South) from 2017–18 to 2021–22; as anNCAA D-III Independentfrom 2014–15 to 2016–17; and in theKentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference(KIAC; now currently known as the River States Conference (RSC) since the 2016–17 school year) of theNational Association of Intercollegiate Athletics(NAIA) from 1916–17 to 2013–14.

Berea competes in 14 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball.[41]

Move to NCAA Division III

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On February 20, 2012, the NCAA announced it had granted Berea permission to begin a one-year period exploring membership in its Division III, non-scholarship athletic program.[42]

On May 4, 2016, the USA South announced that Berea would join the league effective in the 2017–18 school year.[43]

Joining the CCS

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The USA South announced in February 2022 that it would split into two leagues the following July, with eight of its then 19 members, including Berea, establishing the newCollegiate Conference of the South.[44]

Move to the HCAC

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On June 1, 2023, Berea and theHeartland Collegiate Athletic Conferenceannounced that the Mountaineers would join that league after the 2023–24 school year.[45]

Men's basketball

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On February 4, 1954, Irvine Shanks was in the lineup for Berea against Ohio Wilmington, breaking the color barrier in college basketball in Kentucky.

Notable alumni and faculty

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References

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Bibliography

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  • Adams, John D (2012). "The Berea College Mission to the Mountains: Teacher Training, The Normal Department, and Rural Community Development".Register of the Kentucky Historical Society.110(1): 33–66.doi:10.1353/khs.2012.0005.S2CID154827109.
  • Burnside, Jacqueline Grisby.  "Philanthropists and politicians: A sociological profile of Berea College, 1855-1908" (PhD dissertation, Yale University) ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1988. 8917149.
  • Harris, Adam (October 2018)."The Little College Where Tuition Is Free and Every Student Is Given a Job".The Atlantic.
  • Lucas, Marion B. "Berea College in the 1870s and 1880s: Student Life at a Racially Integrated Kentucky College."Register of the Kentucky Historical Society98.1 (2000): 1–22.online
  • Nelson, Paul David. "Experiment in interracial education at Berea College, 1858–1908."Journal of Negro History59.1 (1974): 13–27.
  • Peck, Elizabeth.Berea's First Century, 1855–1955.Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1955.
  • Wilson, Shannon H.Berea College: An Illustrated History.(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2006).ISBN978-0-8131-2379-0online
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