Zehlendorf(German:[ˈtseːlənˌdɔʁf]) is alocalitywithin the borough ofSteglitz-ZehlendorfinBerlin.BeforeBerlin's 2001 administrative reformZehlendorf was a borough in its own right, consisting of the locality of Zehlendorf as well asWannsee,NikolasseeandDahlem.Zehlendorf contains some of the most remarked upon natural settings in Berlin, including parts of theGrunewaldforest and theSchlachtensee,Krumme LankeandWaldseelakes. Additionally, it has large affluent residential neighborhoods, some withcobblestonestreets and buildings that are over 100 years old.
Zehlendorf | |
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![St. Matthew's Church [de] in Steglitz is owned and used by a congregation within the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia, a united church body of Calvinist, Lutheran and united congregations.](/translate/en.m.wikipedia.org?u=https%3A%2F%2Fen.m.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3A120409-Steglitz-Schlo%25C3%259Fstra%25C3%259Fe-44-Matth%25C3%25A4uskirche.JPG&t=hv) St. Matthew's Churchin Steglitz is owned and used by a congregation within the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia, aunitedchurch body of Calvinist, Lutheran and united congregations. | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Zehlendorf in Steglitz-Zehlendorf and Berlin  | |
  Zehlendorf  Zehlendorf | |
| Coordinates:52°26′N13°12′E/ 52.433°N 13.200°E | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Berlin |
| City | Berlin |
| Borough | Steglitz-Zehlendorf |
| Founded | 1200 |
| Subdivisions | 6 zones |
| Area | |
• Total | 18.8 km2(7.3 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 50 m (160 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31)[1] | |
• Total | 54,765 |
| • Density | 2,900/km2(7,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00(CEST) |
| Postal codes | 14163, 14165, 14167, 14169 |
| Vehicle registration | B |
History
editThe village of Zehlendorf was first mentioned asCedelendorpin a 1245 contract between the Margraves John I and Otto III ofBrandenburgand theLehnin Abbey.Probably aGermanfoundation, the nameCedelenappears to be a dialect word for "settlement" (modern GermanSiedlung), or "noble" (Cedelendorp=Cedelen+dorp,"noble village" (seeJahresbericht über die Erscheinungen auf dem Gebiete der germanischen Philologie).
In the affluent and well-educated environment of Zehlendorf, top World War II figures mingled with opponents of the Nazi regime. Express S-Bahn trains, known as the "Banker Trains", whisked them at 120 km/h (75 mph) to the financial and government centers until the service was disrupted towards the end of World War II.[2]
During the Nazi period, Zehlendorf's mayor was Walter Helfenstein (1890–1945), a convinced Nazi. Helfenstein was responsible for erecting a memorial to theantisemiticpublisherTheodor Fritsch(1853–1933), described as "the first antisemitic memorial in Germany"[3]in Zehlendorf in 1935. The memorial was the first memorial sculpted by the artistArthur Wellmann(1885–1960), who was a Zehlendorf resident (and who, after producing other Nazi memorials, including one to theSA,eventually emigrated to the United States).[4][5]The Fritsch memorial was melted down in 1943 to make armaments for the war.[6]Mayor Helfenstein committed suicide on 24 April 1945 as theRed Armytook Berlin.[7]Helfenstein's death is referred to in the novelBerlinby the anti-Nazi novelistTheodor Plievier.
In 1944, Zehlendorf was the location of a subcamp of theSachsenhausen concentration campfor Polish women.[8]
Geography
editSubdivision
editZehlendorf is subdivided into 6 zones:
- Düppel
- Schlachtensee-Ost
- Schönow/Zehlendorf-Süd
- Zehlendorf-West
- Zehlendorf-Ost
- Zehlendorf-Nord(Onkel-Tom-Siedlung)
Locale
editVisitors can stop at the Dahlem Church, where the vicar, PastorMartin Niemöller,served from 1931 through 1937. Niemöller's sermons against the Nazis led to his imprisonment and the publication of them in English during the war helped shape discussion of the nature of National Socialism in Christian circles.[9]
Many walking trips are available in and around Zehlendorf. Popular destinations include the Grunewald trails north from the Onkel Toms Hütte U-Bahn station and neighborhood shopping center, the walk from Krumme Lanke U-Bahn station to the lake of the same name, and the cross-Zehlendorf walk from the end of the U-Bahn at Krumme Lanke to the S-Bahn station in the center of old Zehlendorf. Zehlendorf shopping center has undergone major changes with plenty of new construction centering on the S-Bahn station "Zehlendorf."
WhenAmerican forcesoccupied Berlin and later were stationed in Berlin during theCold War,Zehlendorf with the "Steuben Barracks", Dahlem andLichterfeldewere the areas where most of those forces were centered, including elements of theBerlin Brigadestationed at theMcNair Barracks.
Transportation
editThere is direct access to central Berlin via road andS-Bahn.TheS1line makes 3 stops in Zehlendorf and runs right throughUnter den Linden,where theBrandenburg Gateis located. The newer portion of the borough of Zehlendorf developed around extendedU-Bahnservice in the first third of the 20th century. It may be reached via theU3line at the stationOnkel Toms Hütteand the terminusKrumme Lanke.
TheBundesstraße 1federal highway runs through the locality along the streetsBerliner Straße,Potsdamer StraßeandPotsdamer Chaussee.Zehlendorf has also access to theA 115Autobahn(the formerAVUSracing track) at theHüttenwegjunction.
Points of interest
editGallery
edit-
Village church -
Peaceful snowscape as seen during a U.S. Army patrol in Zehlendorf's forest -
Stolpersteinin Zehlendorf -
View of the formersynagoguein Steglitz, Berlin -
Berlin Mexikoplatz Station
People
edit- Sigismund von Braun(1911–1998), German diplomat
- Klaus Fischer-Dieskau(1921–1994), German church musician
- Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau(1925–2012), German baritone
See also
editReferences
edit- ^"Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2023".Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg.February 2024.
- ^* Dittfurth, Udo and Braun, Dr. Michael; "Die elektrische Wannseebahn"; Verlag GVE; Berlin; 2004; p. 82. This book also has additional historical information about 20th Century Zehlendorf.
- ^"Das" erste antisemitische Denkmal Deutschlands "".Der Tagesspiegel Online.
- ^"Arthur Karl Wilhelm Wellmann".Sports Reference.Archived fromthe originalon 14 January 2020.
- ^"Wellmann, Arthur Karl Wilhelm".www15.ovgu.de.
- ^W. Benz, B. Mihok, et al. – Literatur, Film, Theater und Kunst Theodor-Fritsch Denkmal (Berlin, 1935–1943 (De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2014)
- ^"Zehlendorf wurde braun".Der Tagesspiegel Online.
- ^Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009).The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I.Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 1290–1291.ISBN978-0-253-35328-3.
- ^* Preface by Thomas Mann in Niemoeller, Martin; "God is My Fuehrer"; Philosophical Library and Alliance Book Corporation; New York, 1941, pp. 3–14.
External links
edit
- "Berlin 1969"From the American era.
- Century-old villa holds secretsIn German.