Thebombo criollo,or simplybombo,is a family ofLatin Americandrumsderived from the Europeanbass drum(also called in Spanishbombo) and native Latin American drum traditions.[1]These drums are of smaller dimensions than the orchestral bass drum, and their frame can be made of wood or steel. They can be held vertically or diagonally on the body or a stand. The specific make of the instrument depends on the regional tradition. In Argentina, the bombo criollo is calledbombo legüeroand played in many folkloric styles. In Cuba, bombos are the largest drums played by the streetcomparsasinSantiago.In other countries, the termtamborais commonly used.
The bombo should not be confused with the Puerto Ricanbomba,a genre of music played with hand drums calledbarriles de bomba(bomba barrels), which are unrelated to the European bass drums.
Argentina
editThe bombo legüero is a common instrument in Argentine folk traditions such aszambaandchacarera.The body of the drum is made out of a hollowed tree trunk, and the head is made of animal skins.
Cuba
editThe bombo or tambora is the lowest drum used incongasantiaguera,the music of thestreet carnivals from Santiago de Cuba.[2][3]They are tuneable, two-headed military drums introduced in the island by the Spanish settlers.[4]
Intumba francesaandtahona,two styles imported intoOrienteby Afro-Haitian slaves after theHaitian Revolution,the bass drum (slightly smaller than the bombo) is called tambora, tamborita or tambuché.[5][6]
Tamboras
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In some Latin American countries the term tambora is used to refer to bombos criollos. Nonetheless, tamboras are generally wider than other bombos criollos, possibly being an adaptation of both European bass drums (bombos) and side drums (redoblantes).[7]
Colombia and Panama
editInColombiaandPanama,tamboras are used to playcumbia.Traditionally, this kind of tambora is played with sticks and fixed on a stand.
Dominican Republic
editIn theDominican Republic,tamboras are two-headed drums used inmerengue music.[8]They were traditionally made from salvaged rum barrels.
Mexico
editMexican tamboras have a diameter of 20 to 26 inches. There are two types of tambora in Mexican music: a traditional, with no cymbals, used in the folk ensemblestamborileros del norte,violín y tamboraandjaraberos,and the one used en Mexican brass bands, as inbanda sinaloense,tamborazo zacatecanoandduranguensewhich has a cymbal over the frame and a stand for the drum. A felt mallet is used to beat the drum.
Venezuela
editThe Venezuelan tambora is played ingaita zuliana.It is a one-headed drum played with sticks. The player can sit on it or put it between his or her legs to perform rhythms on the instrument, strucking the head, the rim or the body of the drum.
References
edit- ^Moroy, Alberto."El origen del bombo legüero".Retrieved17 September2017.
- ^Ramos Venéreo, Zobeyda (1997). "Bombos o tamboras".Instrumentos de la música folclórico-popular de Cuba, Volume 1(in Spanish). Havana, Cuba: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Música Cubana. p. 297.ISBN9789590602795.
- ^Ortiz, Fernando(1954).Los instrumentos de la música afrocubana: Los membranófonos abiertos Ñ a Z, los bimembranófonos y otros tambores especiales.Havana, Cuba: Dirección de cultura del Ministerio de Educación. p. 348.
- ^Mauleón, Rebeca(1993).Salsa Guidebook for Piano and Ensemble.Petaluma, CA: Sher Music Co. p. 32.ISBN9781457101410.
- ^Ramos Venereo, Zobeyda (2007). "Haitian Traditions in Cuba". In Kuss, Malena (ed.).Music in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Encyclopedic History, Vol. 2.Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. 265–280.ISBN9780292784987.
- ^Mirabeu, Daniel."Tradiciones danzario musicales de raices haitianas en el oriente cubano"(PDF).Ritmacuba(in Spanish). Archived fromthe original(PDF)on June 28, 2016.RetrievedJune 1,2015.
- ^Brandt, Max H. (2013). "Venezuela".The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 1.New York, NY: Routledge. p. 201.ISBN9781136095627.
- ^Deive, Carlos Esteban (2002).Diccionario de dominicanismos(2nd ed.). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Manatí. p. 194.ISBN9789993439073.