Boot

For other uses, seeBoot (disambiguation).

Abootis a type offootwear.Most boots mainly cover thefootand theankle,while some also cover some part of the lower calf. Some boots extend up theleg,sometimes as far as thekneeor even thehip.Most boots have aheelthat is clearly distinguishable from the rest of thesole,even if the two are made of one piece. Traditionally made ofleatherorrubber,modern boots are made from a variety of materials.

Cowboy bootscustom made for PresidentHarry S. TrumanbyTony Lama Boots

Ancient Greekpair of terracotta boots. Early geometric period cremation burial of a woman, 900 BC,Ancient Agora Museum,Athens

Boots are worn both for their functionality and for reasons of style andfashion.Functional concerns include: protection of the foot and leg from water, mud, pestilence (infectious disease,insect bites and stings,snake bites), extreme temperatures, sharp or blunt hazards (e.g. work boots may providesteel toes), physicalabrasion,corrosive agents,ordamaging radiation;ankle support and traction for strenuous activities such ashiking;and durability in harsh conditions (e.g. the underside ofcombat bootsmay be reinforced withhobnails).

In some cases, the wearing of boots may be required by laws or regulations, such as the regulations in some jurisdictions requiring workers on construction sites to wear steel-toed safety boots. Someuniformsinclude boots as the regulated footwear. Boots are recommended as well for motorcycle riders.High-topathletic shoesare generally not considered boots, even though they do cover the ankle, primarily due to the absence of a distinct heel.

History

Oxhide boots fromLoulan,Xinjiang, China.Former Handynasty 220 BC – AD 8

Early boots consisted of separateleggings,soles, and uppers worn together to provide greater ankle protection than shoes orsandals.Around 1000 BC, these components were more permanently joined to form a single unit that covered the feet and lower leg, often up to the knee. A type of soft leather ankle boots were worn bynomadsin eastern Asia and carried to China to India and Russia around AD 1200 to 1500 byMongolinvaders. TheInuitandAleutnatives of Alaska developed traditional winter boots ofcaribouskin or sealskin featuring decorative touches of seal intestine, dog hair and suchlike. 17th centuryEuropeanboots were influenced by military styles, featuring thick soles and turnover tops that were originally designed to protect horse mounted soldiers. In the 1700s, distinctive,thigh-high bootsworn byHessiansoldiers fighting in theAmerican Revolutionary Warinfluenced the development of the iconic heeledcowboy bootsworn by cattlemen in theAmerican west.

Types and uses

Practical uses

A pair ofISO20345:2004 compliant S3steel-toedsafety boots designed for construction workers

A pair of hobnailed boots

Fashion boot terminology

A pair of A-12OXCARTflight suit boots

Boots which are designed for walking through snow, shallow water and mud may be made of a single closely stitched design (using leather, rubber, canvas, or similar material) to prevent the entry of water, snow, mud or dirt through gaps between the laces and tongue found in other types of shoes. Waterproofgumbootsare made in different lengths of uppers. In extreme cases, thigh-boots calledwaders,worn byanglers,extend to the hip. Such boots may also be insulated for warmth. With the exception ofgum boots,boots sold in general retail stores may be considered "water resistant", as they are not usually fully waterproof, compared to advanced material boots, such asGore-Tex,used regularly by fishers or hikers.

Speciality boots have been made to protect steelworkers' feet and calves if they accidentally step in puddles of molten metal, to protect workers from a variety of chemical exposure, to protect workers from construction site hazards and to protect feet from extreme cold (e.g., with insulated or inflatable boots for use in Antarctica). Most work boots are "lace ups" made from leather. Formerly they were usually shod withhobnailsand heel- and toe-plates, but now can usually be seen with a thick rubber sole, and often with steel toecaps.While gumboots are often used in workplaces, such as underground mines, studies have shown that workers prefer "lace up" boots mainly due to their support and better fit.

Boots are mostly worn withsocksto prevent chafes andblisters,to absorbsweat,to improve the foot's grip inside the boot, or to insulate the foot from the cold. Before socks became widely available,footwrapswere worn instead.

Specialty boots have been designed for many different types ofsports,particularlyriding,skiing,snowboarding,ice-skating,and sporting in wet/damp conditions.

Fashion and fetish use

A pair of "classic" black leather Doc Martens. While these boots were originally designed as workwear (they are resistant to petrol, alkaline chemicals and other substances), they were adopted as a fashion item by theskinheadandpunk subcultures.

Bovver boots,Doc Martensboots andarmy bootswere adopted byskinheadsandpunksas part of their typical dress and have migrated to more mainstream fashion, including women's wear.As a more rugged alternative todress shoes,dress bootsmay be worn (though these can be more formal than shoes).Fashionableboots for women may exhibit all the variations seen in otherfashion footwear:tapered or spikeheels,platformsoles,pointed toes,zipperclosures and the like. The popularity of boots as fashion footwear ebbs and flows. SingerNancy Sinatrapopularized the fad of women wearing boots in the late 1960s with her song "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'".They were popular in the 1960s and 1970s (particularly knee-high boots), but diminished in popularity towards the end of the 20th century. In the 2010s, they experienced a resurgence in popularity, especially designs with a long bootleg.Boot bolos, boot bracelets, boot straps, boot chains, and boot harnesses are used to decorate boots. Sandal boots also exist.

Boots have become the object ofsexual attractionfor some people and they have become a standard accessory in theBDSMscene (where leather, latex and PVC boots are favoured) and a fashion accessory in music videos.Knee- or thigh-high leather boots are worn by some strippers andpornographymodels and actresses. Boots have even become asexual fetishfor devotees known asboot fetishistsandfoot fetishists.

Cowboy boots

Cowboy boots originated in the 1800s in the plains and desert of the midwest and far Western United States, however they were inspired by the vaquero-style boot bought from Spain to the Americas in the 1600s. Cowboy boots are traditionally tall and hide the calf, which is meant to help keep the foot firmly in the stirrup to keep it firmly anchored. Furthermore, they have angled heels, which help to anchor the foot into the stirrup to prevent it from slipping. The stitching on the leather exterior of the boots also serve a utilitarian purpose, to prevent the shaft of the boot from folding over.

The boots become popular in post-Civil War America, when the country saw a switch from military boots to cowboy boots. Hollywood also saw a further rise in popularity of the boots due to the increase of mid-Western cowboy films on the big screen.In the summer of 2022, cowboy boots were seen making a comeback into mainstream fashion, with, as of 8 August 2022, there being over 379.7 million views on the hashtag #CowboyBoots on TikTok.Cowboy boots were seen on many in the fields of festivals such asCoachella,and being worn by many mainstream celebrities such asDua Lipa,Emily RatajkowskiandBella Hadid.Variations of the classic cowboy boot were also being sold in many high-street stores such asMango,ASOSandUrban Outfitters,and were seen on the runways for high fashion brands such asMiu MiuandBottega.

Boot parts and accessories

Boot hooks (left) and aboot jack(right) are sometimes needed to put on or take off some types of boots

• Spats
• Boot jack
• For the parts of a boot, seeHiking boot#Parts

As symbols

In heraldry

Coat of arms ofAreschesmunicipality in France displays a boot in theheraldic leftfield

Boots have been used by riders for millennia, and were used by knights. As a consequence, albeit not common, boots came to be used aschargesinheraldry.

Because of the origin of heraldry as insignia used by mounted warriors like the medieval knights, when boots are used in heraldry, they are often displayed as riding boots, even if theblazonmight not specify it as such. They are sometimes adorned with spurs, which may or may not have anothertincture(colour) than the boot and the background field.

Boots were also used in coats of arms ofshoemakers'guildsand in shop signs outside their shops.

Giant boot atMarikina Shoe Museumreplacing the damagedGiant shoes of Marikina

Idioms and cultural references

Further information:bootstrappingandbooting

• Boots that are particularly old and well worn, or a similarly tough item are referred to as being tough and strong with the phrase "tough as old boots."
• A discarded boot may be used in the construction of amusical instrumentknown as the"mendoza."
• Tall (high) boots may have a tab, loop or handle at the top known as a bootstrap, allowing one to use fingers or a tool to provide better leverage in getting the boots on. The figurative use "to pull one's self up by one's bootstraps" in the sense of "ability to perform a difficult task without external help" developed in the 19th century in US English.The term "bootstrapping" was subsequently used in a metaphorical sense in a number of fields, notably computing (which uses the term "bootup"to describe the process of starting a computer) and inentrepreneurship,which uses the term "bootstrapping" to describe start-up companies which are launched without major external financing.
• To "die with one's boots on" means to die while one is still actively involved in work or to go down fighting. Popularized byWild Westmovies.
• Boot camp:a colloquial term for the initialrecruit trainingof a new recruit enlisting in amilitaryorganization or armed force. In this context, a "boot" is just such a recruit.
• Stormtroopersand other agents of authority or units used for political strongarm tactics such as intimidation are typically referred to by their detractors as "jackbootedthugs, "a reference to the hobnailed military jackboot of the World War I GermanStormtrooperand laterNazi uniform.Authoritarian rule, either by hostile military forces, or by groups of armed intimidators, is imposed by "jackboot tactics."
• To "give one the boot" means to kick one out (of a job, a club, etc.) or expel one, either literally or figuratively.
• To "put the boot in" is an idiom for inflicting violence on someone.
• "The boot is on the other foot now" means that a situation has become reversed—a previous victor is now losing, for example.
• Wearing "seven-league boots"references a classic children'sfairy taleand indicates that a person or company can cover great distances, figuratively or literally, in a single stride.
• To "shake/quake in one's boots" means to be very frightened, and is mostly used sarcastically.
• "Knocking boots" is slang for having sex, regardless of whether either person is wearing boots.
• The country ofItalyis referred to as "lo Stivale" ( "The Boot" ) due to its shape.

See also

• List of boots
• Boot cut
• Boot fetishism
• Boots theory
• Boot throwing
• Gumboot dance
• Wellie wanging