TheBrachyceraare asuborderof the orderDiptera.[1][2]It is a major suborder consisting of around 120families.[3]Their most distinguishing characteristic is reducedantennasegmentation.
| Brachycera Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Tachina praeceps | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Suborder: | Brachycera Zetterstedt1842 |
| Infraorders | |
Description
editA summary of the main physical characteristics is:
- Antennasize (with eight or fewerflagellomeres) is reduced. In many species the third segment, the flagellum, is fused, except from a bristle called thearistathat is sticking out from the fused flagellum. The arista consist of no more than three segments called aristomeres.[4][5][6]
- Themaxillary palp(an elongated appendage near the mouth) has two segments or fewer.
- The back portions of the larval head capsule extend into theprothorax(the anterior part of the thorax, which bears the first pair of legs).
- Two distinct parts make up of the larvalmandible(lower jaw).
- Theepandriumandhypandriumof thegenitaliaare separated in males.
- Nopremandibleis present on the lower surface of thelabrum(the roof of the mouth).
- The configuration of the CuA2 and A1wingveinsis distinct.
Brachyceran flies can also be distinguished through behavior. Many of the species arepredatorsorscavengers.
Classification
editThe structure of subgroups within the Brachycera is a source of much confusion and controversy; many of the names used historically (e.g.,Orthorrhapha) have not been used in decades, but still persist in textbooks, checklists, faunal catalogs, and other sources. Additionally, most recent classifications no longer use the Linnaean ranks for taxa (e.g., theTree of Life Web Project), and this creates its own set of problems.
See also
editExternal links
edit
References
edit- ^"BRACHYCERA | 1 Definitions of Brachycera - YourDictionary".www.yourdictionary.com.Your Dictionary.Retrieved16 October2020.
- ^"Suborder Brachycera - Flies (Order: Diptera) - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)".www.amentsoc.org.Amateur Entomologists Society.Retrieved16 October2020.
- ^"ITIS Standard Report Page: Brachycera".www.itis.gov.Integrated Taxonomic Information System.Retrieved16 October2020.
- ^Volume 6(1) - Studia dipterologica - An annotated bibliography in English of the work of I. A. Rubtsov (1902-1993) on the dipterous family Simuliidae (blackflies)
- ^Andreani, A.; Belcari, A.; Sacchetti, P.; Romani, R. (2022)."Antennal Morphology and Fine Structure of Flagellar Sensilla in Hippoboscid Flies with Special Reference to Lipoptena fortisetosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae)".Insects.13(3): 236.doi:10.3390/insects13030236.PMC8954472.PMID35323534.
- ^Colwell, Douglas D.; Hall, Martin J. R.; Scholl, Philip J. (2006).The Oestrid Flies: Biology, Host-parasite Relationships, Impact and Management.ISBN9780851996844.