Thefactual accuracyof parts of this article (those related to article)may be compromised due to out-of-date information.The reason given is: Covers Lasta as well as Bugna.(July 2012) |
Bugna(Amharic:ቡግናbūgnā,notpronounced "buña" ) is aworedainAmhara Region,Ethiopia.It is named after the former district. Located in the northwest corner of theSemien Wollo Zone,Bugna is bordered on the south byMeket,on the west by theDebub Gondar Zone,on the north by theWag Hemra Zone,and on the east by theLasta woreda.The main town isAyne.The Lasta woreda, whereLalibelais, was split off from Bugna.
Bugna
ቡግና | |
|---|---|
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 Flag | |
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| Country | Ethiopia |
| Region | Amhara |
| Zone | Semien Wollo |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,302.95 km2(503.07 sq mi) |
| Population (2012 est.)[1] | |
• Total | 81,284[2] |
Overview
editThe altitude of this woreda ranges from 900 to over 4100 meters above sea level; the highest point in Bugna isMount Abuna Yosef,on the border withGidan;other notable peaks includeMount Qachen.Rivers include theTekezé,which has its source in this woreda.[3]Besides Lalibela, other notable landmarks in Bugna include the church ofYemrehana Krestos,as well as the ancient churches of Makina Madbane Alem,[4]Bilbala Tcherqos,[5]Kankanet Mikael,[6]andGennete Maryam.[7]
A 1994 survey found Bugna extremely impoverished: "If you compare a farmer from this community with one from, say Debre Birhan, there is a big difference. In this community even better-off farmers sometimes migrate. Children leave their schools during the migration season."[8]At least one part of the woreda has reportedly endured a serious famine for the previous 10 years. However, elders remembered that between 1952 and 1968 there was surplus production of various grains, and inhabitants could maintain a two-year stock of grain. Elders also report that in 1935 almost 85% of the land was covered with trees. The deforestation rate increased after the land was nationalized. Before then, the forests were privately owned and no-one was allowed to cut trees; after nationalization people started cutting trees and selling firewood. No measures were taken to control this until the time of the survey.[9]To combat increasing droughts and improve crop yields, one irrigation project has been undertaken in this woreda by the Commission for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Rehabilitation in the Amhara Region, affecting 70 hectares and benefiting 110 households.[10]
History
editBugna is part of the area of theWagshum,the traditional ruler ofLasta.professor Taddesse Tamrat records a tradition he heard from an old priest inLalibelathat EmperorKalebofAxumwas a man of Lasta and his palace was at Bugna where it is known thatGebre Mesqelhad later established his centre.[11]
While there was no villagization in Bugna under theDerg,in 1979 and again in 1985 thousands were forcibly resettled inWelegaandBale;since the end of theEthiopian Civil War,these settlers have been returning in large numbers to find no land, homes, or property waiting for them. During the Derg regime, Bugna was a center of resistance. The western half of the woreda, including 'Ayne, had been a strategic base forEthiopian Peoples Democratic Movementfighters beginning in 1981, owing to its rugged topography which made it inaccessible to the central government. The eastern part of the woreda, including Lalibela, fell toEthiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Frontforces in 1988. Derg forces made two unsuccessful attempts to drive the rebels out in 1985 and 1988.[12]
the 1994 survey found that they are culturally affiliated to the neighbouringAgawsin the Wag Hemra Zone, and share a related history. Inter-marriage between the two people is quite common.[13]
In the2005 Ethiopian elections,the electoral district of Bugna electedBereket Simon(Amhara National Democratic Movement,one of the partners in the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front) as their representative in theHouse of People's Representatives.[14]
Demographics
editBased on the 2007 national census conducted by theCentral Statistical Agencyof Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 75,486, a decrease of 55.94% from the 1994 census, of whom 37,877 are men and 37,609 women; no urban inhabitants were identified. With an area of 1,302.95 square kilometers, Bugna has a population density of 57.93, which is less than the Zone average of 123.25 persons per square kilometer. A total of 18,687 households were counted in this woreda, resulting in an average of 4.04 persons to a household, and 18,101 housing units. The majority of the inhabitants practicedEthiopian Orthodox Christianity,with 99.19% reporting that as their religion.[15]
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 171,333 in 41,146 households, of whom 86,612 were men and 84,721 were women; 8,484 or 4.95% of its population were urban dwellers. The largest ethnic group reported in Bugna was theAmhara(99.87%).Amharicwas spoken as a first language by 99.89%. The majority of the population practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity with 98.28% professing this belief, while 1.59% of the population said they wereMuslim.[16]
References
edit- ^abGeohive: EthiopiaArchived2012-08-05 at theWayback Machine
- ^"GeoHive - Ethiopia population statistics".www.geohive.com.Archived fromthe originalon 5 August 2012.Retrieved12 January2022.
- ^Svein Ege,"North Wälo 1:100,000. Topographic and administrative map of North Wälo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia"Archived2011-07-18 at theWayback Machine.Trondheim, NTNU, 2002
- ^Described in David W. Phillipson,Ancient Churches of Ethiopia(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), pp. 81f
- ^Described in Phillipson,Ancient Churches,p. 110
- ^Described in Phillipson,Ancient Churches,pp. 110-112
- ^Described in Phillipson,Ancient Churches,pp. 112-118
- ^"Ethiopian Village Studies: Shumsheha, Lasta, Wollo"Archived2009-12-22 at theWayback Machine,p.2. Centre for the Study of African Economies website (accessed 9 September 2009)
- ^"Ethiopian Village Studies", pp. 2, 4, 10
- ^Seid Yassin,"Small-Scale Irrigation and Household Food Security: A Case Study of Three Irrigation Schemes in Gubalafto Woreda of North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region"Archived2011-07-20 at theWayback Machine,Master's Thesis, Graduate School of the University of Addis Ababa (June 2002), p. 42
- ^The translation of one inscription, written in Geʽez, appears with discussion inGeorge Wynn Brereton Huntingford,The Historical Geography of Ethiopia(London: The British Academy, 1989), pp. 63-65.
- ^"Ethiopian Village Studies", p. 4
- ^"Ethiopian Village Studies", p. 25
- ^"House of Peoples' Representatives of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia"ArchivedJune 3, 2010, at theWayback Machine,Ethiopian Parliament website (accessed 6 October 2009)
- ^Census 2007 Tables: Amhara RegionArchivedNovember 14, 2010, at theWayback Machine,Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4.
- ^1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Amhara Region,Vol. 1, part 1ArchivedNovember 15, 2010, at theWayback Machine,Tables 2.1, 2.7, 2.10, 2.13, 2.17, Annex II.2 (accessed 9 April 2009)